scholarly journals Transformative neural representations support long-term episodic memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Liankun Ren ◽  
Duanyu Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Representations

35 Social Contact Mode and 15-Year Episodic Memory Trajectories in Older Adults with and Without Hearing Loss: the Elsa Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i7-i11
Author(s):  
S Rafnsson ◽  
A Maharani ◽  
G Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Contact Mode

Abstract Introduction Frequent social contact benefits cognition in later life although evidence is lacking on the potential importance of the modes chosen by older adults for interacting with others in their social network. Method 11,513 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) provided baseline information on hearing status and social contact mode and frequency of use. Multilevel growth curve models compared episodic memory (immediate and delayed recall) at baseline and long-term in participants who interacted frequently (offline only or offline and online combined), compared to infrequently, with others in their social network. Results Frequent offline (β = 0.29; p < 0.05) and combined offline and online (β = 0.76; p < 0.001) social interactions predicted better episodic memory after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. We observed positive long-term influences of combined offline and online interactions on memory in participants without hearing loss (β = 0.48, p = 0.001) but not of strictly offline interactions (β = 0.00, p = 0.970). In those with impaired hearing, long-term memory was positively influenced by both modes of engagement (offline only: β = 0.93, p < 0.001; combined online and offline: β = 1.47, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Supplementing conventional social interactions with online communication modes may help older adults, especially those living with hearing loss, sustain, and benefit cognitively from, personal relationships.

scholarly journals High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wu ◽  
Haiping Zhang ◽  
Xinlei Miao ◽  
Haibin Li ◽  
Huiying Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status.

Narrative organisation at encoding facilitated children's long-term episodic memory

Memory ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Van-Kim Bui ◽  
Qingfang Song
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory

The role of the hippocampal complex in long-term episodic memory

2003 ◽  
Vol 1250 ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Nadel ◽  
L Ryan ◽  
S.M Hayes ◽  
A Gilboa ◽  
M Moscovitch
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Complex

Cooperation between the Hippocampus and the Striatum during Episodic Encoding

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talya Sadeh ◽  
Daphna Shohamy ◽  
Dana Rubi Levy ◽  
Niv Reggev ◽  
Anat Maril
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
System A ◽  
Episodic Encoding ◽  
Within Subjects

The hippocampus and the striatum are thought to play distinct roles in learning and memory, each supporting an independent memory system. A fundamental question is whether, and how, these systems interact to jointly contribute to learning and memory. In particular, it remains unknown whether the striatum contributes selectively to implicit, habitual learning, or whether the striatum may also contribute to long-term episodic memory. Here, we show with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that the hippocampus and the striatum interact cooperatively to support episodic memory formation. Participants were scanned during a memory encoding paradigm and, subsequently, were tested for memory of encoded items. fMRI data revealed that successful memory was associated with greater activity in both the hippocampus and the striatum (putamen) during encoding. Furthermore, activity in the hippocampus and the striatum was correlated within subjects for items that were later remembered, but not for items that were forgotten. Finally, across subjects, the strength of the correlation between the hippocampus and the striatum predicted memory success. These findings provide novel evidence for contributions of both the striatum and the hippocampus to successful episodic encoding and for a cooperative interaction between them.

scholarly journals The Tortoise and the Hare: Interactions between Reinforcement Learning and Working Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne G. E. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Memory Interference ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
The Cost

Learning to make rewarding choices in response to stimuli depends on a slow but steady process, reinforcement learning, and a fast and flexible, but capacity-limited process, working memory. Using both systems in parallel, with their contributions weighted based on performance, should allow us to leverage the best of each system: rapid early learning, supplemented by long-term robust acquisition. However, this assumes that using one process does not interfere with the other. We use computational modeling to investigate the interactions between the two processes in a behavioral experiment and show that working memory interferes with reinforcement learning. Previous research showed that neural representations of reward prediction errors, a key marker of reinforcement learning, were blunted when working memory was used for learning. We thus predicted that arbitrating in favor of working memory to learn faster in simple problems would weaken the reinforcement learning process. We tested this by measuring performance in a delayed testing phase where the use of working memory was impossible, and thus participant choices depended on reinforcement learning. Counterintuitively, but confirming our predictions, we observed that associations learned most easily were retained worse than associations learned slower: Using working memory to learn quickly came at the cost of long-term retention. Computational modeling confirmed that this could only be accounted for by working memory interference in reinforcement learning computations. These results further our understanding of how multiple systems contribute in parallel to human learning and may have important applications for education and computational psychiatry.

scholarly journals Hemispheric Asymmetries in Electroencephalogram Oscillations for Long-Term Memory Retrieval in Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Soyiba Jawed ◽  
Hafeez Ullah Amin ◽  
Aamir Saeed Malik ◽  
Ibrahima Faye
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
The Right

The hemispherical encoding retrieval asymmetry (HERA) model, established in 1991, suggests that the involvement of the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the encoding process is less than that of the left PFC. The HERA model was previously validated for episodic memory in subjects with brain traumas or injuries. In this study, a revised HERA model is used to investigate long-term memory retrieval from newly learned video-based content for healthy individuals using electroencephalography. The model was tested for long-term memory retrieval in two retrieval sessions: (1) recent long-term memory (recorded 30 min after learning) and (2) remote long-term memory (recorded two months after learning). The results show that long-term memory retrieval in healthy individuals for the frontal region (theta and delta band) satisfies the revised HERA asymmetry model.

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