Combining female removal with mating disruption for management of Cydia pomonella in apple

Author(s):  
Alan Lee Knight ◽  
Michele Preti ◽  
Esteban Basoalto ◽  
María Valentina Mujica ◽  
Riccardo Favaro ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. McGhee ◽  
James R. Miller ◽  
Donald R. Thomson ◽  
Larry J. Gut

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble

AbstractSex pheromone-mediated mating disruption using Isomate-C® pheromone dispensers was evaluated as a means of controlling the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, over three consecutive growing seasons in organically managed blocks of apples at two commercial apple orchards in Ontario. The objective of the study was to determine if mating disruption could be used to stabilize or reduce the amount of damage caused by indigenous codling moth populations. The emission rate of the pheromone dispensers was estimated using volumetric and gravimetric methods. Efficacy of the pheromone treatment was assessed by comparing pheromone-baited trap catches of adult male codling moths in pheromone- and insecticide-treated blocks of apples, and by estimating damage caused by first- and second-generation codling moths in pheromone- and insecticide-treated blocks as well as in small plots of apples where the codling moth was not controlled. The estimated average release rate of pheromone varied from 22.2 to 30.3 mg per ha per h. The seasonal total number of adult male moths trapped in the pheromone-treated blocks was from 3.8 to 25.3% of the number trapped in insecticide-treated blocks; during one season at one farm, no moths were trapped in a pheromone-treated block. Treatment with pheromone did not prevent an increase in codling moth damage. At one farm, damage increased ca. 5-fold during the 3-year study. At the other farm, damage increased ca. 4-fold during two consecutive growing seasons in one block and ca. 4-fold during three consecutive seasons in the other block. At both farms there was a marked increase in the amount of damage between the first and second generations of the pest. Possible reasons for the failure of the pheromone treatment to prevent increases in codling moth damage are discussed.


HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 916A-916
Author(s):  
Robert E. Call ◽  
Jack W. Jenkins

Mating disruption of codling moth using codlemone pheromoneemitting twist-ties or cards has become a standard practice in many orchards. This study was initiated to determine the effectiveness of NoMate CM EC, a spray formulation of codlemone pheromone. Treatments were applied 20–21 Apr. 1995 to plots measuring 99 × 244 m of 15-year-old `Golden Delicious' apple trees on seedling rootstock. Trees were spaced 3.7 × 5.5 m and treatments were made in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Whole trees were sprayed to run-off using a handgun. Treatments were 20.2 g a.i. NoMate CM EC/h and a watered sprayed control. Two pheromonebaited, sticky traps were placed in each replicate to monitor codling moth activity. Moth counts were made 3 days after treatment and continued twice weekly for 4 weeks. Results indicated very little moth activity for the first 14 days of the study in plots treated with NoMate CM EC when compared to the control. However, after the first two weeks differences between treatments were not significant.


2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Kutinkova ◽  
Jörg Samietz ◽  
Vasiliy Dzhuvinov

Combination of Mating Disruption and Granulosis Virus for Control of Codling Moth in Bulgaria An application of mating disruption by use of Ecodian CP dispensers (ISAGRO, Italy) in combination with the granulosis virus product Carpovirusine 2000 (Arysta LifeScience, France) against Codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella, was tested near Plovdiv, Central South Bulgaria. In 2007, the method was applied in an orchard where in the previous year fruit damage reached 18.7% and the CM population was high, as indicated by 3.83 diapausing larvae per tree. Carpovirusine was applied 11 times in the trial plot in combination with Ecodian CP dispensers installed twice during the season. Before harvest, fruit damage in the trial plot amounted to 0.9% and the overwintering population in autumn 2007 was only 0.46 larvae per tree. At the same time in the reference orchard, where 15 insecticide treatments were applied during the season, fruit damage before harvest reached 12.3% and the hibernating population was 7.97 larvae per tree. So, it has been confirmed that combination of both methods might be an effective tool for control of codling moth in the orchards with high population density and resistance to conventional insecticides. This study is being continued.


2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
Erik K. Gronning ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer

Pitfall trapping was used to assess the effect of a low-spray mating disruption program targeted against the codling moth and leafrollers on carabid communities (potential predators of codling moth, Cydia pomonella [L.], leafrollers [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] and apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella [Walsh]) in the orchard ground cover. Abundance and species richness of carabids were generally higher in mating disruption blocks relative to conventionally-managed blocks. Over 2 yrs, 3,173 carabids representing 62 species in 27 genera were collected. The most common carabids (more than 5% of the total carabid population) were Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) (38.2%), Harpalus erythropus Dejean (11.4%), Poecilus lucublandus (Say) (10.1%), Dicaelus elongatus Bonelli (6.2%) and Harpalus longicollis LeConte (5.9%).


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Újvári ◽  
I. J. Holb

The study was aimed to study that how mating disruption by hand applied dispensers can reduce the number of damage caused by Cydia pomonella, Adoxophyes orana and Pandemis heparana in four integrated and organic apple orchards. In the first orchard (Gacsály), protection against moth caterpillars ensured by IPM and conventional production systems were equally good, but worse than that of the orchard part where mating disruption was applied by 1000 dispensers/ha. In second orchard (Nyírbogdány), the highest incidence of codling moth damage was measured in the hilly part (17%), while in the plot where 440 dispensers/ha pheromone dosage was applied, the damage incidence was 11%. The smallest damage incidence was at the flat part, where 666 dispensers /ha was applied. In the third and fourth orchards (Eperjeske), codling moth damage on fruits was below 7% in the larger and smaller orchards where 1000 dispensers/ha was applied. At Eperjeske, the codling moth damage increased by 32.3% in the field treated with Bacillus thuringiensis product but without using mating disruption. The results verified that the use of 1000 dispensers/ha as suggested by the manufactures is essential, especially in the first year of application. The results also suggested that better results can be achieved in flat areas and the larger plot size also enables a more efficient reduction of the damage.


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