Efficacy of organic peroxyacids for eliminating biofilm preformed by microorganisms isolated from dairy processing plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Goetz ◽  
Jules Larouche ◽  
Maribel Velez Aristizabal ◽  
Nissa Niboucha ◽  
Julie Jean
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dairy Processing ◽  
Processing Plants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of microorganisms isolated from the dairy industry to form biofilms and to investigate the efficacity of organic peroxyacids (peracetic, perpropionic and perlactic acids and BioDestroy®) to eradicate those biofilms. Eighteen microorganisms were isolated from Quebec dairy processing plants that have issues associated with biofilm formation and were presumptively identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The single-species biofilm-producing ability of the isolates was then evaluated using 96-well microplates. Eight out of eighteen (8/18) of these isolates were identified as moderate or strong biofilm producers, and ten out of eighteen (10/18) resulted as negative or weak biofilm producers. The efficacy of above-mentioned disinfectants was tested on the stronger biofilm producing bacteria using the MBEC (Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration) assay. After 5 min, all the disinfectants tested successfully eradicated both the single and mixed biofilms when applied following the recommended concentration. However, the efficacy of organic peroxyacids was significantly variable at lower concentrations. For example, 25 ppm of BioDestroy® were sufficient to eradicate all the biofilms, except for Pseudomonas azotoformans PFl1A. Unfortunately, microscopic observations highlighted those dead cells were still attached to the surfaces. In conclusion, our results suggest that some microorganisms found in dairy plants can produce tenacious biofilms that are, however, still susceptible to disinfectants, including organic peroxyacids. Further studies would be needed in order to confirm these observations using a dynamic method to mimic in vivo conditions. IMPORTANCE Biofilm forming microorganisms are a major issue in the food industry, including dairy industry, because of their negative impact on products quality. Biofilms are difficult to remove by clean-in-place (CIP) procedures commonly used in processing plants and may be less sensitive to sanitizers. Therefore, it is important to identify these microorganisms, in order to develop biofilm control strategies. The results gathered in the present study could contribute to this aim, even though it was carried out using only static methods.

scholarly journals The vicK gene of Streptococcus mutans mediates its cariogenicity via exopolysaccharides metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalan Deng ◽  
Yingming Yang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yangyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Confocal Laser

AbstractStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is generally regarded as a major contributor to dental caries because of its ability to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) that aid in the formation of plaque biofilm. The VicRKX system of S. mutans plays an important role in biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vicK gene on specific characteristics of EPS in S. mutans biofilm. We constructed single-species biofilms formed by different mutants of vicK gene. Production and distribution of EPS were detected through atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Microcosmic structures of EPS were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cariogenicity of the vicK mutant was assessed in a specific pathogen-free rat model. Transcriptional levels of cariogenicity-associated genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that deletion of vicK gene suppressed biofilm formation as well as EPS production, and EPS were synthesized mostly around the cells. Molecular weight and monosaccharide components underwent evident alterations. Biofilms formed in vivo were sparse and contributed a decreased degree of caries. Moreover, expressional levels of genes related to EPS synthesis were down-regulated, except for gtfB. Our report demonstrates that vicK gene enhances biofilm formation and subsequent caries development. And this may due to its regulations on EPS metabolism, like synthesis or microcosmic features of EPS. This study suggests that vicK gene and EPS can be considered as promising targets to modulate dental caries.

scholarly journals Biofilm Research in Bovine Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regitze Renee Pedersen ◽  
Volker Krömker ◽  
Thomas Bjarnsholt ◽  
Kirstin Dahl-Pedersen ◽  
Rikke Buhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The Status ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Bovine mastitis is one of the most important diseases in the dairy industry and has detrimental impact on the economy and welfare of the animals. Further, treatment failure results in increased antibiotic use in the dairy industry, as some of these mastitis cases for unknown reasons are not resolved despite standard antibiotic treatment. Chronic biofilm infections are notoriously known to be difficult to eradicate with antibiotics and biofilm formation could be a possible explanation for mastitis cases that are not resolved by standard treatment. This paper reviews the current literature on biofilm in bovine mastitis research to evaluate the status and methods used in the literature. Focus of the current research has been on isolates from milk samples and investigation of their biofilm forming properties in vitro. However, in vitro observations of biofilm formation are not easily comparable with the in vivo situation inside the udder. Only two papers investigate the location and distribution of bacterial biofilms inside udders of dairy cows with mastitis. Based on the current knowledge, the role of biofilm in bovine mastitis is still unclear and more in vivo investigations are needed to uncover the actual role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals Insights into Cronobacter sakazakii Biofilm Formation and Control Strategies in the Food Industry

Engineering ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Ling ◽  
Stephen Forsythe ◽  
Qingping Wu ◽  
Yu Ding ◽  
Jumei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
And Control

Study of the ability to form biofilms of microorganisms isolated from the milk industry in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Goetz ◽  
Nissa Niboucha ◽  
Julie Jean
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Milk Industry ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms ◽  
By Products

<p>The ability of microorganisms to form biofilms has become a major problem in the dairy industry in Canada, notably by affecting the quality and the safety of the by-products. Established biofilms are difficult to remove during the CIP cleaning system and may become resistant to sanitizers. Therefore, it is important to identify and characterize the microorganisms associated to biofilm in the Canadian dairy industry, allowing to develop improvement strategies of biofilm control. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability to form biofilms by spoilage microorganisms isolated in processing plants in Canada. For this purpose, 19 strains were isolated from problems associated with the formation of biofilms in the dairy industry and identified using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. The single species biofilm production of these isolates was then measured after a crystal violet coloration using 96-well microplates. The results revealed different biofilm formation profiles depending of the isolates in culture medium. Indeed, 7/19 isolates are moderate or strong biofilm producers and 12/19 isolates are negative or weak biofilm producers. Furthermore, enzymatic treatments revealed that the composition of the biofilms was different depending of the species but also the isolates. In conclusion, the results suggest that some of the isolates collected in the dairy industry have the ability to produce moderate or strong biofilms and thus, to facilitate the persistence of other spoilage microorganisms but also potential pathogenic microorganisms such as <em>Listeria monocytogene</em>s. The characterization of those biofilms will be helpful to the development of an effective approach allowing a better control of the biofilms in the dairy industry.</p>

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in the Food Industry: Is the Current Hygiene Program Sufficient to Combat the Persistence of the Pathogen?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Tina Mazaheri ◽  
Brayan R. H. Cervantes-Huamán ◽  
Maria Bermúdez-Capdevila ◽  
Carolina Ripolles-Avila ◽  
José Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
And Control

Biofilms contain microbial cells which are protected by a self-produced matrix and they firmly attach themselves to many different food industry surfaces. Due to this protection, microorganisms within biofilms are much more difficult to eradicate and therefore to control than suspended cells. A bacterium that tends to produce these structures and persist in food processing plants is Listeria monocytogenes. To this effect, many attempts have been made to develop control strategies to be applied in the food industry, although there seems to be no clear direction on how to manage the risk the bacteria poses. There is no standardized protocol that is applied equally to all food sectors, so the strategies for the control of this pathogen depend on the type of surface, the nature of the product, the conditions of the food industry environment, and indeed the budget. The food industry performs different preventive and corrective measures on possible L. monocytogenes-contaminated surfaces. However, a critical evaluation of the sanitization methods applied must be performed to discern whether the treatment can be effective in the long-term. This review will focus on currently used strategies to eliminate biofilms and control their formation in processing facilities in different food sectors (i.e., dairy, meat, fish, chilled vegetables, and ready-to-eat products). The technologies employed for their control will be exemplified and discussed with the objective of understanding how L. monocytogenes can be improved through food safety management systems.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation in the lung contributes to virulence and drug tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poushali Chakraborty ◽  
Sapna Bajeli ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Bishan Dass Radotra ◽  
Ashwani Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Slow Growing

AbstractTuberculosis is a chronic disease that displays several features commonly associated with biofilm-associated infections: immune system evasion, antibiotic treatment failures, and recurrence of infection. However, although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can form cellulose-containing biofilms in vitro, it remains unclear whether biofilms are formed during infection in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the formation of Mtb biofilms in animal models of infection and in patients, and that biofilm formation can contribute to drug tolerance. First, we show that cellulose is also a structural component of the extracellular matrix of in vitro biofilms of fast and slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. Then, we use cellulose as a biomarker to detect Mtb biofilms in the lungs of experimentally infected mice and non-human primates, as well as in lung tissue sections obtained from patients with tuberculosis. Mtb strains defective in biofilm formation are attenuated for survival in mice, suggesting that biofilms protect bacilli from the host immune system. Furthermore, the administration of nebulized cellulase enhances the antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid and rifampicin in infected mice, supporting a role for biofilms in phenotypic drug tolerance. Our findings thus indicate that Mtb biofilms are relevant to human tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Eap1p, an Adhesin That Mediates Candida albicans Biofilm Formation In Vitro and In Vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Michael J. Svarovsky ◽  
Amy J. Karlsson ◽  
Joel P. Wagner ◽  
Karen Marchillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Dependent Manner

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is the leading cause of systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised humans. The ability to form biofilms on surfaces in the host or on implanted medical devices enhances C. albicans virulence, leading to antimicrobial resistance and providing a reservoir for infection. Biofilm formation is a complex multicellular process consisting of cell adhesion, cell growth, morphogenic switching between yeast form and filamentous states, and quorum sensing. Here we describe the role of the C. albicans EAP1 gene, which encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, glucan-cross-linked cell wall protein, in adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Deleting EAP1 reduced cell adhesion to polystyrene and epithelial cells in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, EAP1 expression was required for C. albicans biofilm formation in an in vitro parallel plate flow chamber model and in an in vivo rat central venous catheter model. EAP1 expression was upregulated in biofilm-associated cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results illustrate an association between Eap1p-mediated adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo.

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