Brachyspira Species Avidity to Colonic Mucins from Pigs with and without Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Infection is Species-Specific and Varies between Strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi ◽  
Mattias Erhardsson ◽  
Maxime Mahu ◽  
Vignesh Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
...  

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is commonly associated with swine dysentery (SD), a disease that has an economic impact in the swine industry. B. hyodysenteriae infection results in changes to the colonic mucus niche with a massive mucus induction, which substantially increases the amount of B. hyodysenteriae binding sites in the mucus. We have previously determined that a B. hyodysenteriae strain binds to colon mucins in a manner that differs between pigs and mucin types. Here, we investigated if adhesion to mucins is a trait observed across a broad set of B. hyodysenteriae strains and isolates and furthermore at a genus level ( B. innocens, B. pilosicoli, B. murdochii, B. hampsonii and B. intermedia strains). Our results show that binding to mucins appears to be specific to B. hyodysenteriae , and within this species, the binding ability to mucins varies between strains/isolates, increases to mucins from pigs with SD, and is associated to sialic acid epitopes on mucins. Infection with B. hyodysenteriae strain 8dII results in mucin glycosylation changes in the colon including a shift in sialic acid containing structures. Thus, we demonstrate through hierarchical cluster analysis and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) models of the relative abundances of sialic acid-containing glycans, that sialic acid containing structures in the mucin O -glycome are good predictors of B. hyodysenteriae strain 8dII infection in pigs. The results emphasize the role of sialic acids in governing B. hyodysenteriae interactions with its host, which may open perspectives for therapeutic strategies.

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela Hruby ◽  
Courtney Dennis ◽  
Paul F Jacques

ABSTRACT Background The role of dairy in health can be elucidated by investigating circulating metabolites associated with intake. Objectives We sought to identify metabolites associated with quantity and type of dairy intake in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation (Gen3) cohorts. Methods Dairy intake (total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurt, and cream/butter) was analyzed in relation to targeted (Offspring, n = 2205, 55.1 ± 9.8 y, 52% female, 217 signals; Gen3, n = 866, 40.5 ± 8.8 y, 54.9% female, 79 signals) and nontargeted metabolites (Gen3, ∼7031 signals) in a 2-step analysis including orthogonal projections to latent structures with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) in discovery subsets to identify metabolites distinguishing between high and low intake; and linear regression in confirmation subsets to assess putative associations, subsequently tested in the total samples. Previously reported associations were also investigated. Results OPLS-DA in the Offspring targeted discovery subset resulted in a variable importance in projection (VIP) >1 of 65, 60, 58, 66, and 60 metabolites for total dairy, milk, cream/butter, cheese, and yogurt, respectively, of which 5, 3, 1, 6, and 4 metabolites, respectively, remained after confirmation. In the Gen3 targeted discovery subset, OPLS-DA resulted in a VIP >1 of 17, 15, 13, 7, and 6 metabolites for total dairy, milk, cream/butter, cheese, and yogurt, respectively. In the Gen3 nontargeted discovery subset, OPLS-DA resulted in a VIP >2 of 203, 503, 78, 186, and 206 metabolites, respectively. Combining targeted and nontargeted results in Gen3, significant associations of 7 (6 unannotated), 2, 12 (11 unannotated), 0, and 61 (all unannotated) metabolites, respectively, remained. Candidate identities of unannotated signals included fatty acids and food flavorings. Results supported relations previously reported for C14:0 sphingomyelin, and marginal associations for deoxycholates. Conclusions Dairy in 2 American adult cohorts associated with numerous circulating metabolites. Reports about diet-metabolite relations and confirmation of previous findings might be limited by specificity of dietary intake and breadth of measured metabolites.


Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Kazi-Marjahan Akter ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Woo Sung Park ◽  
Dong-Min Kang ◽  
...  

Reynoutria species are medicinal plants that belong to the family Polygonaceae and are widely distributed in eastern Asia, North America and Europe. Although the phylogeny and morphological and anatomical studies of some species in Korea have been previously reported, there are no discriminative anatomical and chemical data available. Therefore, anatomical characterization of the leaf, stem and root, and high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) analyses were carried out to assess the differences in anatomical and chemical profiles among the Reynoutria plants in Korea, i.e., R. japonica, R. sachalinensis, R. forbesii and R. japonica for. elata. The anatomical evaluation showed discriminative characteristics, such as the shape of the stomata and the stomatal index of the lower leaf surface; the ratio of the adaxial/abaxial height, the size of the vascular bundles and the frequency of druse in the midrib, petiole, and stem; and the pericycle number in the root. For the HPLC analysis, ten compounds corresponding to each major peak were isolated from R. japonica roots and their structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic studies. Samples collected before the flowering season showed higher contents of these ten major compounds than those collected after the flowering season. The orthogonal projections to latent structures-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) with the inner morphological and HPLC quantification results, clearly discriminated these plants. These results provide anatomical parameters and HPLC profiling that can be used to distinguish the four Reynoutria plants, which supports quality control for their precise identification.


2015 ◽  
pp. S121-S133 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MÁČOVÁ ◽  
L. SOSVOROVÁ ◽  
J. VÍTKŮ ◽  
M. BIČÍKOVÁ ◽  
M. HILL ◽  
...  

The local concentration of glucocorticoids is intensively regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD 1). Human 11β-HSD 1 also reversibly catalyzes the inter-conversion of 7α-hydroxy- and 7β-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into 7-oxo-DHEA. The cohort of 282 obese adolescents, 154 girls (median age 15.31 years, range 14.17-16.68 years) and 128 boys (median age 14.95 years, range 13.87-16.16 years), BMI (Body Mass Index) >90th percentile was examined. In samples collected before and after one month of reductive diet therapy, circulating levels of steroids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay methods. The model of the treatment efficacy prediction was calculated. A significant reduction in circulating levels of cortisone, E2 and increased levels of 7β-hydroxy-DHEA after the reductive treatment was observed. Levels of cortisol, DHEA, DHT sustained without any significant change. The predictive Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (OPLS) model explained 20.1 % of variability of BMI, z-score change by the basal levels of 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, DHEA, cortisol and E2 as the strongest predictors. Reduced levels of circulating cortisone and reduced ratios of oxygenated/reduced metabolites reflect increased reductase activity of 11β-HSD 1 with reduced BMI, z-score. We hypothesize whether these changes can be attributed to the altered activity of 11β-HSD 1 in the liver.


2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi ◽  
Vignesh Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
Sara Lindén

ABSTRACTInfection withBrachyspira hyodysenteriaeresults in mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea. This pathogen is associated with the colonic mucus layer, mainly composed of mucins. Infection regulates mucinO-glycosylation in the colon and increases mucin secretion as well asB. hyodysenteriaebinding sites on mucins. Here, we analyzed potential mucin epitopes forB. hyodysenteriaeadhesion in the colon, as well as the effect of colonic mucins on bacterial growth. Associations betweenB. hyodysenteriaebinding to pig colonic mucins and mucin glycan data showed thatB. hyodysenteriaebinding was associated with the presence ofN-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) on mucins. The role of sialic acid inB. hyodysenteriaeadhesion was analyzed after the removal of sialic acid residues on the mucins by enzymatic treatment with sialidase A, which decreased bacterial binding to the mucins. The effect of pig colonic mucins onB. hyodysenteriaegrowth was determined in carbohydrate-free medium.B. hyodysenteriaegrowth increased in the presence of mucins from two out of five infected pigs, suggesting utilization of mucins as a carbon source for growth. Additionally, bacterial growth was enhanced by free sialic acid andN-acetylglucosamine. The results highlight a role of sialic acid as an adhesion epitope forB. hyodysenteriaeinteraction with colonic mucins. Furthermore, the mucin response and glycosylation changes exerted in the colon duringB. hyodysenteriaeinfection result in a potentially favorable environment for pathogen growth in the intestinal mucus layer.


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