scholarly journals Electroporation of Synthetic DNA Antigens Offers Protection in Nonhuman Primates Challenged with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 4624-4630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominick J. Laddy ◽  
Jian Yan ◽  
Amir S. Khan ◽  
Hanne Andersen ◽  
Amanda Cohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Construct Optimization ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Avian influenza highlights the need for novel vaccination techniques that would allow for the rapid design and production of safe and effective vaccines. An ideal platform would be capable of inducing both protective antibodies and potent cellular immune responses. These potential advantages of DNA vaccines remain unrealized due to a lack of efficacy in large animal studies and in human trials. Questions remain regarding the potential utility of cellular immune responses against influenza virus in primates. In this study, by construct optimization and in vivo electroporation of synthetic DNA-encoded antigens, we observed the induction of cross-reactive cellular and humoral immune responses individually capable of providing protection from influenza virus infection in the rhesus macaque. These studies advance the DNA vaccine field and provide a novel, more tolerable vaccine with broad immunogenicity to avian influenza virus. This approach appears important for further investigation, including studies with humans.

H5N1 influenza virus-like particles produced by transient expression in mammalian cells induce humoral and cellular immune responses in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Tao ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Zhenhua Zheng ◽  
Jin Meng ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
Cellular Immune

Vaccination is an effective way to protect from influenza virus infection. Among the new candidates of influenza vaccines, influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) seem to be promising. Here, we generated 2 types of H5N1 influenza VLPs by co-expressing influenza virus Env (envelope protein) and murine leukemia virus (MLV) Gag–Pol. VLPs generated by co-transfection of pHCMV-wtH5 or pHCMV-mtH5 with pSV-Mo-MLVgagpol and pHCMV-N1 were named as wtH5N1 VLPs or mtH5N1 VLPs. The plasmid of pHCMV-wtH5 encoded the wild-type hemagglutinin (HA) (wtH5) from A/swine/Anhui/ca/2004 (H5N1) with a multibasic cleavage site, while pHCMV-mtH5 encoded the modified mutant-type (mtH5) with a monobasic cleavage site. Influenza virus HA VLPs were characterized and equal amounts of them were used to immunize mice subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly. The levels of HA-specific IgG1, IFN-γ, and neutralization antibodies were significantly induced in mice immunized with wtH5N1 VLPs or mtH5N1 VLPs via all 3 routes, while HA-specific IgG2a was barely detectable. IL-4 secretion was detected in mice subcutaneously immunized with wtH5N1 VLPs or mtH5N1 VLPs, or intramuscularly immunized with mtH5N1 VLPs. Our results indicated that both H5N1 influenza VLPs could induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice. In conclusion, our study provides helpful information for designing new candidate vaccines against H5N1 influenza viruses.

Analyses of Cellular Immune Responses in Ferrets Following Influenza Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
pp. 513-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. DiPiazza ◽  
Katherine A. Richards ◽  
Wen-Chun Liu ◽  
Randy A. Albrecht ◽  
Andrea J. Sant
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of diallyl trisulfide against H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ming ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
Guimei He
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. As it has been shown to have anti-viral activity, we hypothesized that it may alleviate infections caused by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV), which is prevalent in poultry with pandemic potential. Methods Human lung A549 epithelial cells were treated with three different concentrations of DATS 24 h before (pre-treatment) or one hour after (post-treatment) H9N2 AIV infection. Culture supernatants were collected 24 h and 48 h post-infection and analyzed for viral titers and levels of inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses. For in vivo experiments, BABL/c mice were administered daily by intraperitoneal injection with DATS (30 mg/kg) for 2 weeks starting 1 day after H9N2 AIV infection. Clinical signs, lung pathology, and inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses were assessed 2, 4, and 6 days after infection. Results Both pre-treatment and post-treatment of A549 cells with DATS resulted in reduced viral loads, increased expression of anti-viral genes (RIG-I, IRF-3, and interferon-β), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These effects were also observed in H9N2 AIV-infected mice treated with DATS. Such treatment also reduced lung edema and inflammation in mice. Conclusions Results suggest that DATS has anti-viral activity against H9N2 AIV and may be used as an alternative treatment for influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals A DNA Vaccine-Encoded Nucleoprotein of Influenza Virus Fails To Induce Cellular Immune Responses in a Diabetic Mouse Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Jamali ◽  
Farzaneh Sabahi ◽  
Taravat Bamdad ◽  
Hamidreza Hashemi ◽  
Fereidoun Mahboudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Influenza virus infections cause yearly epidemics and are a major cause of lower respiratory tract illnesses in humans worldwide. Influenza virus has long been recognized to be associated with higher morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Vaccination is an effective tool to prevent influenza virus infection in this group of patients. Vaccines employing recombinant-DNA technologies are an alternative to inactivated virus and live attenuated virus vaccines. Internal highly conserved viral nucleoprotein (NP) can be delivered as a DNA vaccine to provide heterosubtypic immunity, offering resistance against various influenza virus strains. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of an NP DNA vaccine for induction of cell-mediated immune responses and protection against influenza virus infection in a mouse model of diabetes. Healthy and diabetic BALB/c mice were immunized on days 0, 14, and 28 by injection of NP DNA vaccine. Two weeks after the last immunization, the cellular immune response was evaluated by gamma interferon (IFN-γ), lymphocyte proliferation, and cytotoxicity assays. The mice were challenged with influenza virus, and the viral titers in the lungs were measured on day 4. Diabetic mice showed significantly smaller amounts of IFN-γ production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytotoxicity responses than nondiabetic mice. Furthermore, higher titers of the influenza virus were detected after challenge in the lungs of the diabetic mice. The present data suggest that the NP DNA vaccine with the protocol of immunization described here is not able to induce efficient cellular immune responses against influenza virus infection in diabetic mice.

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