scholarly journals Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of a Human Fungal Pathogen Reveals Synteny among Geographically Distinct Species

mBio ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Voorhies ◽  
Shirli Cohen ◽  
Terrance P. Shea ◽  
Semar Petrus ◽  
José F. Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
America South ◽  
Chromosome Level

Histoplasma species are dimorphic fungi causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. These fungi grow as mold in the soil and as budding yeast within the human host. Histoplasma can be isolated from soil in diverse regions, including North America, South America, Africa, and Europe.

BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON XANTHIUM: TAXONOMIC APPRAISAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Löve ◽  
Pierre Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Enormous Variation

The following paper is an evaluation of the taxonomic and ecological status of the genus Xanthium L. A review of its systematics demonstrates that many so-called "species" described on material from Europe actually have their origin in America, except one, X. strumarium s. str., which seems to have a Mediterranean–European center of dispersal. Another conclusion drawn is that Xanthium consists of only two distinct species: X. spinosum L. and X. strumarium L. The former is a relatively stable species, the latter an enormously variable one readily subdivided into a number of minor taxonomic entities.Ecologically, in eastern North America at least, Xanthium is primarily a beach plant, which prefers open habitats and succumbs to crowding. The seeds are most often dispersed by water and wind. It enters easily into ruderal habitats, but only as long as these are open and unshaded.The generalized short-day flowering response in this genus supports our hypothesis that Xanthium has a tropical–subtropical origin, and we feel that it has its center in Central and/or South America, whence it has spread over the continents north and southward.There is no evidence for any sterility barriers separating the entities of X. strumarium, but we feel that an intense inbreeding with an occasional outbreeding is responsible for the enormous variation, often resulting in small, local, but unstable taxa.

Atriplex retusa, the correct name for A. deserticola (Chenopodiaceae; Amaranthaceae sensu APG)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
TIM BÖHNERT ◽  
FEDERICO LUEBERT ◽  
MAXIMILIAN WEIGEND
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
America South

The genus Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1052) (Chenopodiaceae Vent.; placed in Amaranthaceae Juss. s. l. in APG IV 2016) comprises about 300 species distributed mainly in subtropical, temperate, and subarctic regions of the world and is mostly adapted to dry conditions on often saline soils (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009, Kadereit et al. 2010, Iamonico 2013, APG IV 2016). The genus is highly diverse in Eurasia, Australia and North America. South America is another centre of diversity with ca. 55 species, 45 of which are considered as native (Brignone et al. 2016). A recent and exhaustive taxonomical synopsis of Atriplex for South America was published by Brignone et al. (2016), but there are also regional taxonomic revisions, e.g., for Chile by Rosas (1989), or Argentina by Múlgura de Romero (1981, 1982 & 1984).

scholarly journals Body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles, depigmentation of mouthparts, and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis are related

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA. Vieira ◽  
LF. Toledo ◽  
JE. Longcore ◽  
JR. Longcore
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
Pure Cultures

A fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which can cause morbidity and death of anurans, has affected amphibian populations on a worldwide basis. Availability of pure cultures of Bd isolates is essential for experimental studies to understand the ecology of this pathogen. We evaluated the relationships of body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles to depigmentation of mouthparts and determined if dekeratinization indicated an infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. A strong association existed for both species, one from South America (Brazil: São Paulo) and one from North America (USA: Maine). We believe it prudent not to kill adult amphibians if avoidable, thus obtaining tissue for isolating Bd from tadpoles is reasonable because infected specimens of some species can be selectively collected based on depigmentation of mouthparts.

scholarly journals Satellite television transmission in the world - broadcasting systems and standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44957
Author(s):  
Branimir Jaksic ◽  
Dragisa Miljkovic ◽  
Vladimir Maksimovic ◽  
Mile Petrovic ◽  
Branko Gvozdic
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Satellite Television ◽  
The World ◽  
America South ◽  
Pay Tv

This paper considers the characteristics of satellite television transmission in the world. An overview of the development of satellite television is given through the following characteristics: broadcasting systems - analog and digital (SDTV, HDTV, UHDTV), frequency band (C, Ku, Ka), broadcasting standards (DVB-S, DVB-S2, DigiCipher, DSS), as well as the availability of TV services Free-To-Air TV (FTA) and PAY TV. All of these characteristics were considered both at the global and at the regional level: North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Russia, Asia, and Australia. The gathered data are presented in tabular form and presented graphically for the period from 1996 to 2018. Based on the presented results, an analysis of the development of satellite television transmission was carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the broadcast.

scholarly journals International increase in Salmonella enteritidis: A new pandemic?

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Rodrigue ◽  
R. V. Tauxe ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
America South ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Salmonella Serotype ◽  
Reported Data

SUMMARYOver the past 5 years Salmonella enteritidis infections in humans have increased on both sides of the Atlantic ocean. The WHO salmonella surveillance data for 1979–87 were reviewed and show that S. enteritidis appears to be increasing on at least the continents of North America, South America, and Europe, and may include Africa. S. enteritidis isolates increased in 24 (69%) of 35 countries between 1979 and 1987. In 1979, only 2 (10%) of 21 countries with reported data reported S. enteritidis as their most common salmonella serotype; in 1987, 9 (43%) of 21 countries reported S. enteritidis as their most common serotype; 8 (89 %) of 9 were European countries. Although the reason for the global increase is not yet clear, investigations in individual countries suggest it is related to consumption of eggs and poultry which harbour the organism.

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