Transformation of the Organic Matter of Low-Permeability Domanik Rock in Supercritical Water and 1-Propanol (A Review)

Studies on the conversion of organic matter of high-carbon Domanik (siliceous-clay carbonate) rock of the Romashkinskoye deposit with a mineral content Corg of 7.07% in sub- and supercritical water have been carried out. It was shown that subcritical water at a temperature of 320°С and 17.0 MPa leads to a partial decomposition of the kerogenic structure, increasing the yield of bitumen from 3.12 to 3.98%, and a more complete recovery of asphaltenes and heavy C22-C30 n-alkanes from the rock sample. Supercritical water at temperatures of 374 and 420°C and pressures above 24.4 MPa leads to intensive formation of hydrocarbon and inorganic gases in the processes of kerogen decomposition, destruction of aliphatic substituents from condensed heteroatomic structures of resins and asphaltenes, and the carbonate component of Domanik rock. Degradation of the organic matter of the Domanik rock is also accompanied by the formation of saturated hydrocarbons with an increased content of light C12-C21 n-alkanes, and carbonaceous substances, such as carbene-carboids. Changes in the structure of asphaltenes and their paramagnetic properties were determined by the EPR method. The influence of sub- and supercritical water on phase changes in the composition of rock minerals, as well as on the yield and composition of formed gases, was revealed.

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Transformation of Organic Matter of Domanik Rock from the Romashkino Oilfield in Sub- and Supercritical Water

Petroleum Chemistry ◽

10.1134/s0965544120060079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 683-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. R. Nasyrova ◽

G. P. Kayukova ◽

N. M. Khasanova ◽

A. V. Vakhin

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Supercritical Water ◽

Transformation Of Organic Matter ◽

Domanik Rock

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Gasification of Biomass in Supercritical Water, Challenges for the Process Design—Lessons Learned from the Operation Experience of the First Dedicated Pilot Plant

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9030455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 455

Author(s):

Nikolaos Boukis ◽

I. Katharina Stoll

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Supercritical Water ◽

Process Design ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Flow Process ◽

Combustible Gas ◽

Supercritical Water Gasification ◽

Robust Process

Gasification of organic matter under the conditions of supercritical water (T > 374 °C, p > 221 bar) is an allothermal, continuous flow process suitable to convert materials with high moisture content (<20 wt.% dry matter) into a combustible gas. The gasification of organic matter with water as a solvent offers several benefits, particularly the omission of an energy-intensive drying process. The reactions are fast, and mean residence times inside the reactor are consequently low (less than 5 min). However, there are still various challenges to be met. The combination of high temperature and pressure and the low concentration of organic matter require a robust process design. Additionally, the low value of the feed and the product predestinate the process for decentralized applications, which is a challenge for the economics of an application. The present contribution summarizes the experience gained during more than 10 years of operation of the first dedicated pilot plant for supercritical water gasification of biomass. The emphasis lies on highlighting the challenges in process design. In addition to some fundamental results gained from comparable laboratory plants, selected experimental results of the pilot plant “VERENA” (acronym for the German expression “experimental facility for the energetic exploitation of agricultural matter”) are presented.

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Char and tar formation during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge in subcritical and supercritical water: Effect of organic matter composition and experiments with model compounds

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 242 ◽

pp. 118586 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chenyu Wang ◽

Yujie Fan ◽

Ursel Hornung ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

Nicolaus Dahmen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Hydrothermal Treatment ◽

Supercritical Water ◽

Water Effect ◽

Model Compounds ◽

Organic Matter Composition

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Removal Efficiency of Organic Substance in Municipal Sludge by Supercritical Water Oxidation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1732 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 1732-1738 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dan Li ◽

Cong Jun Sun ◽

Jian Feng Ye

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Supercritical Water ◽

Water Oxidation ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Main Reaction ◽

Supercritical Water Oxidation ◽

Municipal Sludge ◽

Study Results ◽

Resident Time

In this study efficiency of organic matter in municipal wastewater sludge treated by supercritical water is investigated. Influences of main reaction parameters, including temperature (380~500°C), pressure (23-30 MPa), residence time (1-10 min), oxidant dose (100%-200%), were evaluated. Orthogonal Array design was applied in order to consider each parameters impact on COD removal. Study results indicate that 97.89% of COD in the sludge sample can be removed in 10min at 500°C, 30MPa and 200% H2O2oxidant excess dose. Temperature, pressure, resident time are main factors to affect the reaction, while oxidant dose has a little effect on removal of COD in municipal wastewater sludge. The conclusion is the organic matter in municipal wastewater sludge can be removed effectively by super critical water oxidation.

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Pilot-Scale Unit for Supercritical Water Gasification of Organic Matter

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-020-01266-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marek Šváb ◽

Eliška Purkarová

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Supercritical Water ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Scale Unit ◽

Supercritical Water Gasification

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Co-Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Plastic and Cellulose as Models for Medical Waste in Supercritical Water

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.952 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1010-1012 ◽

pp. 952-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Meng Gong ◽

Shu Zhong Wang ◽

Xing Ying Tang

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Supercritical Water ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Medical Waste ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Gaseous Products ◽

Gasification Efficiency

Co-pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic and cellulose as models for medical waste had been studied on a supercritical water batch reactor. The results show that temperature, reaction time, pressure and the mass ratio of water to organic matter have some degree impact on the conversion rate, oil yield and gasification efficiency. Conversion and gasification efficiency reached the maximum values at 440 °C. The content of H2 in the gaseous products rose significantly between 25 MPa~27 MPa. As reaction time increased, conversion and gasification efficiency increased, but oil yield decreased. The composition of gaseous products was affected greatly by the mass ratio of water to organic matter. Adding K2CO3 and Ca (OH)2 as catalyst, the reaction was promoted obviously.

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