Gallium Diffusion Flow Direction during Deposition on the Surface with Regular Hole Arrays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Dubrovskii
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Diffusion Flow ◽  
Hole Arrays

Analytical solution for estimating the influence of a pre-existing ground water flow on a geothermal heat production-injection well system

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
I. David ◽  
M. Visescu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Injection Well ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Ground Water Flow ◽  
The Earth

Abstract Geothermal energy source is the heat from the Earth, which ranges from the shallow ground (the upper 100 m of the Earth) to the hot water and hot rock which is a few thousand meters beneath the Earth's surface. In both cases the so-called open systems for geothermal energy resource exploitation consist of a groundwater production well to supply heat energy and an injection well to return the cooled water, from the heat pump after the thermal energy transfer, in the underground. In the paper an analytical method for a rapid estimation of the ground water flow direction effect on the coupled production well and injection well system will be proposed. The method will be illustrated with solutions and images for representative flow directions respect to the axis of the production/injection well system.

EFFECT OF GAS FLOW DIRECTION ON PASSIVE SUBSEA COOLER EFFECTIVENESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Ivanov ◽  
Vladimir V. Ris ◽  
Nikolay A. Tschur ◽  
Marina Zasimova
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Direction

Spatial Variability of Physical Parameters and Processes in Two Field Soils

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Høgh Jensen ◽  
J. C. Refsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tracer Experiments

A numerical analysis of solute transport in two spatially heterogeneous fields is carried out assuming that the fields are composed of ensembles of one-dimensional non-interacting soil columns, each column representing a possible soil profile in statistical terms. The basis for the analysis is the flow simulation described in Part II (Jensen and Refsgaard, this issue), which serves as input to a transport model based on the convection-dispersion equation. The simulations of the average and variation in solute concentration in planes perpendicular to the flow direction are compared to measurements obtained from tracer experiments carried out at the two fields. Due to the limited amount of measurement data, it is difficult to draw conclusive evidence of the simulations, but reliable simulations are obtained of the mean behaviour within the two fields. The concept of equivalent soil properties is also tested for the transport problem in heterogeneous soils. Based on effective parameters for the retention and hydraulic conductivity functions it is possible to predict the mean transport in the two experimental fields.

Recent Patents on Valve Mechanism Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Ye Dai ◽  
Hui-Bing Zhang ◽  
Yun-Shan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Valve Mechanism ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Valve Structure ◽  
Valve Leakage ◽  
Safety And Reliability

Background: Valves are an important part of nuclear power plants and are the control equipment used in nuclear power plants. It can change the cross-section of the passage and the flow direction of the medium and has the functions of diversion, cutoff, overflow, and the like. Due to the earthquake, the valve leaks, which will cause a major nuclear accident, endangering people's lives and safety. Objective: The purpose of this study is to synthesize the existing valve devices, summarize and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various devices from many literatures and patents, and solve some problems of existing valves. Methods: This article summarizes various patents of nuclear-grade valve devices and recent research progress. From the valve structure device, transmission device, a detection device, and finally to the valve test, the advantages and disadvantages of the valve are comprehensively analyzed. Results: By summarizing the characteristics of a large number of valve devices, and analyzing some problems existing in the valves, the outlook for the research and design of nuclear power valves was made, and the planning of the national nuclear power strategic goals and energy security were planned. Conclusion: Valve damage can cause serious safety accidents. The most common is valve leakage. Therefore, the safety and reliability of valves must be taken seriously. By improving the transmission of the valve, the problems of complicated valve structure and high cost are solved.

STUDY ON THE RISK FOR AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC IN A FLOOD SITUATION DEPENDING ON FLOW DIRECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. I_1519-I_1524
Author(s):  
Hideo OSHIKAWA ◽  
Takashi OSHIMA ◽  
Akihiro HASHIMOTO ◽  
Koichiro OHGUSHI ◽  
Toshimitsu KOMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction

Dynamics of Electrodiffusion Friction Probes. I. Shape-Dependent Potentiostatic Transient

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Wein ◽  
Václav Sobolík
Keyword(s):  
Simple Formula ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Voltage Step ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
Exact Theory ◽  
Working Electrode ◽  
Arbitrary Convex

An exact theory is given of the voltage-step transient under limiting diffusion conditions for an electrodiffusion friction probe of arbitrary convex shape. The actual transient courses are given for the strip, circular, elliptic, triangular, and rectangular probes of any orientation with respect to the flow direction. A simple formula for any probe with a single working electrode of convex shape is suggested to facilitate the calibration of electrodiffusion probes based on the voltage-step transient.

scholarly journals Advanced Constitutive Modeling of the Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic Behavior of Blood: Steady-State Blood Flow in Microtubes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Giannokostas ◽  
Yannis Dimakopoulos ◽  
Andreas Anayiotos ◽  
John Tsamopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Flow Investigation ◽  
The Impact

The present work focuses on the in-silico investigation of the steady-state blood flow in straight microtubes, incorporating advanced constitutive modeling for human blood and blood plasma. The blood constitutive model accounts for the interplay between thixotropy and elasto-visco-plasticity via a scalar variable that describes the level of the local blood structure at any instance. The constitutive model is enhanced by the non-Newtonian modeling of the plasma phase, which features bulk viscoelasticity. Incorporating microcirculation phenomena such as the cell-free layer (CFL) formation or the Fåhraeus and the Fåhraeus-Lindqvist effects is an indispensable part of the blood flow investigation. The coupling between them and the momentum balance is achieved through correlations based on experimental observations. Notably, we propose a new simplified form for the dependence of the apparent viscosity on the hematocrit that predicts the CFL thickness correctly. Our investigation focuses on the impact of the microtube diameter and the pressure-gradient on velocity profiles, normal and shear viscoelastic stresses, and thixotropic properties. We demonstrate the microstructural configuration of blood in steady-state conditions, revealing that blood is highly aggregated in narrow tubes, promoting a flat velocity profile. Additionally, the proper accounting of the CFL thickness shows that for narrow microtubes, the reduction of discharged hematocrit is significant, which in some cases is up to 70%. At high pressure-gradients, the plasmatic proteins in both regions are extended in the flow direction, developing large axial normal stresses, which are more significant in the core region. We also provide normal stress predictions at both the blood/plasma interface (INS) and the tube wall (WNS), which are difficult to measure experimentally. Both decrease with the tube radius; however, they exhibit significant differences in magnitude and type of variation. INS varies linearly from 4.5 to 2 Pa, while WNS exhibits an exponential decrease taking values from 50 mPa to zero.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture of Laser Additive Manufactured Nickel-Based Superalloys with Different Scanning Strategies

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Xingbo Liu ◽  
Hui Xiao ◽  
Wenjia Xiao ◽  
Lijun Song
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Laves Phase ◽  
Solidification Structure ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Scanning Strategies

Control of solidification structure and crystallographic texture during metal additive manufacturing is a challenging work which attracts the increasing interest of researchers. In the present work, two kinds of scanning strategies (i.e., single-directional scanning (SDS) and cross-directional scanning (CDS) were used to control the solidification structure and crystallographic texture during quasi-continuous-wave laser additive manufacturing (QCW-LAM) of Inconel 718. The results show that the solidification structure and texture are strongly dependent on scanning strategies. The SDS develops a typical fiber texture with unidirectional columnar grains, whereas the CDS develops a more random texture with a mixture of unidirectional and multidirectional grains. In addition, the SDS promotes the continuously epitaxial growth of columnar dendrites and results in the linearly distributed Laves phase particles, while the CDS leads to the alternately distributed Laves phase particles with chain-like morphology and discrete morphology. The changed stacking features of molten-pool boundary and the switched heat flow direction caused by different scanning strategies plays a crucial role on the epitaxial growth of dendrites and the final solidification structure of the fabricated parts.

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