scholarly journals Corynebacterium freneyi as a cause of early prosthetic valve endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e245152
Author(s):  
Bjørnar Grenne ◽  
Håvard Dalen ◽  
Dag Ole Nordhaug ◽  
Torgeir Sand-Aas ◽  
Espen Holte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Threatening Situation

Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with severe complications and a high mortality rate. Identification of the causative pathogen is crucial to optimise treatment. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium freneyi, a very rare cause of human infection and not previously reported as a cause of IE. Despite proper antibiotic therapy, the patient eventually needed surgery after progression of the infection. After surgery, he quickly recovered without evidence of relapse during an 8-month follow-up period. This report highlights critical decision making in a complex and potentially life-threatening situation, where neither guidelines nor previous clinical or microbiological experience were able to give clear treatment recommendations.

scholarly journals Long-term Outcome of Patients With Nonoperated Prosthetic Valve Infective Endocarditis: Is Relapse the Main Issue?

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1316-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Lecomte ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Laine ◽  
Nahéma Issa ◽  
Matthieu Revest ◽  
Benjamin Gaborit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Abstract In nonoperated prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), long-term outcome is largely unknown. We report the follow-up of 129 nonoperated patients with PVE alive at discharge. At 1 year, the mortality rate was 24%; relapses and reinfection were rare (5% each). Enterococcal PVE was associated with a higher risk of relapse.

scholarly journals EACVI survey on the evaluation of infective endocarditis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 828-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Holte ◽  
Marc R Dweck ◽  
Nina Ajmone Marsan ◽  
Antonello D’Andrea ◽  
Robert Manka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Device Infection

Abstract Aims To evaluate the diagnosis and imaging of patients with suspected endocarditis and the management in routine clinical practice across Europe, the EACVI Scientific Initiatives Committee performed a survey across European centres. In particular, the routine use of echocardiography, advanced imaging modalities and multidisciplinary team was explored. Methods and results A total of 100 European Echocardiography Laboratories from 29 different countries responded to the survey, which consisted of 20 questions. For most of the use of echocardiography and advanced imaging, answers from the centres were relatively homogeneous and demonstrated good adherence to current recommendations. In particular, two-thirds of centres report the use of a specific endocarditis team for decision-making. Echocardiography plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of endocarditis. Nuclear imaging modalities are broadly available among the centres and are mainly used in prosthetic valve endocarditis and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis. Computed tomography (CT) is widely available and used to assess for structural valve abnormalities, neurological complications, and to preoperative assessment of the coronary arteries. Most institutions provide structured patients follow-up following hospital discharge. Conclusion In Europe, a relatively homogenous adherence to current recommendation was observed for most diagnostic and management including the follow-up of patients with endocarditis. Decision-making is most commonly performed by a multidisciplinary team. Echocardiography remains the first line and central imaging modality for patient diagnosis and assessment, but 60% of centres also commonly use CT, whilst positron emission tomography imaging is used in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis or device infection.

scholarly journals Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group bacteria—a registry-based comparative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bläckberg ◽  
Christian Morenius ◽  
Lars Olaison ◽  
Andreas Berge ◽  
Magnus Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Prosthetic Valves

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) caused by bacteria within Haemophilus (excluding Haemophilus influenzae), Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella (HACEK) is rare. This study aimed to describe clinical features of IE caused by HACEK genera in comparison with IE due to other pathogens. Cases of IE due to HACEK were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE). Clinical characteristics of IE cases caused by HACEK were compared with cases of IE due to other pathogens reported to the same registry. Ninety-six patients with IE caused by HACEK were identified, and this corresponds to 1.8% of all IE cases. Eighty-three cases were definite endocarditis, and the mortality rate was 2%. The median age was 63 years, which was lower compared to patients with IE caused by other pathogens (66, 70 and 73 years respectively, p ≤ 0.01). Patients with IE caused by Haemophilus were younger compared to patients with IE due to Aggregatibacter (47 vs 67 years, p ≤ 0.001). Patients with IE due to HACEK exhibited longer duration from onset of symptoms to hospitalization and had more prosthetic valve endocarditis compared to patients with IE due to Staphylococcus aureus (10 vs 2 days, p ≤ 0.001, and 35 vs 14%, p ≤ 0.001). This is, to date, the largest study on IE due to HACEK. Aggregatibacter was the most common cause of IE within the group. The condition has a subacute onset and often strikes in patients with prosthetic valves, and the mortality rate is relatively low.

The Role of the Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in Infective Endocarditis; A Narrative Review from 2000 to 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Noshak ◽  
Mohammad A. Rezaee ◽  
Alka Hasani ◽  
Mehdi Mirzaii
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Native Valve Endocarditis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are part of the microbiota of human skin and rarely linked with soft tissue infections. In recent years, CoNS species considered as one of the major nosocomial pathogens and can cause several infections such as catheter-acquired sepsis, skin infection, urinary tract infection, endophthalmitis, central nervous system shunt infection, surgical site infections, and foreign body infection. These microorganisms have a significant impact on human life and health and, as typical opportunists, cause peritonitis in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Moreover, it is revealed that these potential pathogens are mainly related to the use of indwelling or implanted in a foreign body and cause infective endocarditis (both native valve endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis) in patients. In general, approximately eight percent of all cases of native valve endocarditis is associated with CoNS species, and these organisms cause death in 25% of all native valve endocarditis cases. Moreover, it is revealed that methicillin-resistant CoNS species cause 60 % of all prosthetic valve endocarditis cases. In this review, we describe the role of the CoNS species in infective endocarditis, and we explicated the reported cases of CoNS infective endocarditis in the literature from 2000 to 2020 to determine the role of CoNS in the process of infective endocarditis.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1720-1723
Author(s):  
José A. San Román ◽  
Javier López
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Native Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Duke Criteria

Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) complicates the clinical course of 1–6% of patients with prosthetic valves and it is one of the types of infective endocarditis with the worst prognosis. In early-onset PVE (that occurs within the first year after surgery), the microbiological profile is dominated by staphylococci. In late-onset PVE, the microorganisms are similar to native valve endocarditis. Clinical manifestations are very variable and depend on the causative microorganism. The diagnosis is established with the modified Duke criteria although they yield lower diagnostic accuracy than in native valve endocarditis. Transoesophageal echocardiography is the main imaging technique in everyday clinical practice in PVE as the sensitivity is higher than transthoracic echocardiography. The findings of other techniques, as cardiac computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/CT, or single-photon emission computed tomography/CT have been recently recognized as new major diagnostic criteria and can be very useful in cases with a high level of clinical suspicion and negative echocardiography. Empirical antibiotic treatment should cover the most frequent microorganisms, especially staphylococci. Once the microbiological diagnosis is made, the antibiotic treatment is similar to native valve infective endocarditis, except for the addition of rifampicin in staphylococcal PVE and a longer length (up to 6 weeks) of the treatment. Surgical indications are also similar to native valve endocarditis, heart failure being the most common and embolic prevention the most debatable. Prognosis is bad, and during the follow-up, a team experienced with endocarditis is needed. Patients with a history of PVE should receive antibiotic prophylaxis if they undergo invasive dental manipulations.

Endocarditis

2015 ◽  
pp. 230-244
Author(s):  
Gilbert Habib ◽  
Franck Thuny
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Imaging plays a key role in the assessment of infective endocarditis. Echocardiography, particularly transoesophageal echocardiography, gives useful information concerning the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, the assessment of the severity of the disease, the prediction of short-term and long-term prognosis, and the follow-up of patients under specific antibiotic therapy. Other imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging, Computed tomography (CT) scan, and invasive angiography, are of limited value for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, but are useful for the diagnosis and management of its complications. FDG PET/CT imaging seems the most promising new imaging technique, particularly for the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis

333018F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PET/CT) for the diagnosis of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE): a prospective multicenter study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Philip ◽  
L Tessonnier ◽  
J Mancini ◽  
J L Mainardi ◽  
D Lussato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Cardiac Uptake ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Major Criterion ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background and objectives 18F-FDG PET/CT has recently been added as a major criterion in the ESC 2015 infective endocarditis (IE) guidelines, but the value of this new diagnostic algorithm has never been prospectively assessed. Purposes 1. Primary objective: to assess the value of the new ESC criteria including 18F-FDG PET/CT in prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE). 2. Secondary objectives: to determine the reproducibility of 18F-FDG PET/CT; to assess its ability to predict embolic events. Methods Between 2014 and 2017, 175 patients with suspected PVIE were prospectively included in 3 French centers. After exclusion of patients with uninterpretable or not feasible PET/CT,115 patients were finally included in the analysis, including 91 definite IE and 24 rejected IE, as defined by an expert Consensus of Endocarditis Team after 3-month follow-up as Gold Standard Nuclear data were blindly analyzed by two independent nuclear medicine physicians. Patients follow-up was scheduled at one and three months after hospitalization Results Significant cardiac uptake by PET/CT (major criterion) was observed in 67 among 91 patients with definite PVIE and 6 patients with rejected IE (sensitivity 73.6%, specificity 75%, positive predictive value 91%, negative predictive value 42%). Considering cardiac uptake as a major criterion, the ESC 2015 classification increased the sensitivity of Duke criteria from 57 to 84% (p<0.001) but decreased its specificity from 84 to 70% (p<0.001). Intraobserver reproducibility of cardiac uptake evaluation was good (kappa = 0.84) but inter observer reproductibility was less satisfactory (kappa = 0.63). Embolic events occurred in 31 patients (27%) and were correlated with vegetation size by ECHO (p<0.001), Staphylococcus infection (p=0.003), and PET/CT cardiac uptake (p=0.02). Conclusion 1. the value of PET CT and ESC criteria is confirmed and may allow earlier diagnosis of PVIE 2. PET CT is associated with an increased risk of false positive results probably related to the technical improvements 3. Reproducibility of nuclear measurements seems unsatisfactory, justifying efforts to standardize PET studies interpretation 4. Our study describes for the first time a positive correlation between a positive PET/Ct and occurrence of embolic events, warranting additional studies.

scholarly journals Long term follow up of prosthetic valve endocarditis: what characteristics identify patients who were treated successfully with antibiotics alone?

Heart ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Truninger ◽  
C H A. Jost ◽  
B Seifert ◽  
P R Vogt ◽  
F Follath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals A severe infective endocarditis successfully treated with linezolid

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Graziano Antonio Minafra ◽  
Donatella Concetta Cibelli ◽  
Maria Pipino ◽  
Vincenzo Dargenio ◽  
Francesco Ventrella
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Despite significant improvements in surgical and medical therapy, prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and is often associated with a severe prognosis. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman, with  PVE and bacterial endocarditis (Streptococcus bovis) successfully treated with linezolid. Linezolid is a bacteriostatic oxazolidinone antibiotic that has been proven to be effective for the treatment of patients with pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and infections due to Gram-positive cocci. Linezolid is not yet recognised as a standard therapy for infective endocarditis, but its use becomes a necessity when infection is due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

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