scholarly journals What is ‘global surgery’? Defining the multidisciplinary interface between surgery, anaesthesia and public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bath ◽  
Tom Bashford ◽  
J E Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
International Health ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Major Factors

‘Global surgery’ is the term adopted to describe a rapidly developing multidisciplinary field aiming to provide improved and equitable surgical care across international health systems. Sitting at the interface between numerous clinical and non-clinical specialisms, it encompasses multiple aspects that surround the treatment of surgical disease and its equitable provision across health systems globally. From defining the role of, and need for, optimal surgical care through to identifying barriers and implementing improvement, global surgery has an expansive remit. Advocacy, education, research and clinical components can all involve surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses and allied healthcare professionals working together with non-clinicians, including policy makers, epidemiologists and economists. Long neglected as a topic within the global and public health arenas, an increasing awareness of the extreme disparities internationally has driven greater engagement. Not necessarily restricted to specific diseases, populations or geographical regions, these disparities have led to a particular focus on surgical care in low-income and middle-income countries with the greatest burden and needs. This review considers the major factors defining the interface between surgery, anaesthesia and public health in these settings.

scholarly journals Voices from low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol of primary healthcare interventions within public health systems addressing intimate partner violence against women

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Claudio Signorelli ◽  
Stav Hillel ◽  
Daniel Canavese de Oliveira ◽  
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) considerably harms the health, safety and well-being of women. In response, public health systems around the globe have been gradually implementing strategies. In particular, low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) have been developing innovative interventions in primary healthcare (PHC) addressing the problem. This paper describes a protocol for a systematic review of studies addressing the impacts and outcomes of PHC centre interventions addressing IPV against women from LMIC.Methods and analysisA systematic search for studies will be conducted in African Index Medicus, Africa Portal Digital Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Index Medicus for the Southeast Asia Region, IndMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS), Medecins Sans Frontieres, MEDLINE, Minority Health and Health Equity Archive, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scientific Electronic Library Online, (SciELO) and Social Policy and Practice. Studies will be in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published between 2007 and 2017, addressing IPV against women from LMIC, whose data quantitatively report on the impacts and outcomes for survivors and/or workers and/or public health systems preintervention and postintervention. Two trilingual reviewers will independently screen for study eligibility and data extraction, and a librarian will cross-check for compliance. Risk of bias and quality assessment of studies will be measured according to: (1) the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for randomised controlled trials and (2) the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS). Data will be analysed and summarised using meta-analysis and narrative description of the evidence across studies. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols(PRISMA P) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will be based on published studies, thus not requiring ethical approval. Findings will be presented in conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017069261.

scholarly journals Innovative financing to fund surgical systems and expand surgical care in low-income and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e002375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ché L Reddy ◽  
Alexander W Peters ◽  
Desmond Tanko Jumbam ◽  
Luke Caddell ◽  
Blake C Alkire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Strengthen Health System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fiscal Space

Strong surgical systems are necessary to prevent premature death and avoidable disability from surgical conditions. The epidemiological transition, which has led to a rising burden of non-communicable diseases and injuries worldwide, will increase the demand for surgical assessment and care as a definitive healthcare intervention. Yet, 5 billion people lack access to timely, affordable and safe surgical and anaesthesia care, with the unmet demand affecting predominantly low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Rapid surgical care scale-up is required in LMICs to strengthen health system capabilities, but adequate financing for this expansion is lacking. This article explores the critical role of innovative financing in scaling up surgical care in LMICs. We locate surgical system financing by using a modified fiscal space analysis. Through an analysis of published studies and case studies on recent trends in the financing of global health systems, we provide a conceptual framework that could assist policy-makers in health systems to develop innovative financing strategies to mobilise additional investments for scale-up of surgical care in LMICs. This is the first time such an analysis has been applied to the funding of surgical care. Innovative financing in global surgery is an untapped potential funding source for expanding fiscal space for health systems and financing scale-up of surgical care in LMICs.

scholarly journals Global Surgery: The Perspective of Public Health Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Brittany A. Hout ◽  
Eric P. Matthews ◽  
Jan-Michael Van Gent
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Middle Income

Current research has emphasized the importance of increased involvement of medical professionals and global health specialists for the success of global surgery efforts. This quantitative descriptive study aimed to examine public health students’ perceptions of global surgery. A 21- question mixed method online survey was distributed over eight weeks via student email to all students enrolled in the Masters of Public Health Program at A.T. Still University (ATSU) College of Graduate Health Studies. Of 212 students, 35 (16.5%) respondents completed the survey with 30 students reporting interest in global health in their future public health careers. Two-thirds of students erroneously identified infectious diseases as the leading cause of death worldwide, not traumatic injury. Participants identified infectious disease and OB/GYN as the two medical fields to contribute significantly to global health. Surgical care was felt to be the least economically cost-effective medical field for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). As the first project to report perspectives of public health students regarding global surgery, this study highlighted several significant misconceptions concerning global surgery. Like the results from similar studies in medical students, it is alarming that there is such a paucity of community health knowledge surrounding surgery and its effects on global surgical needs. Further research should focus on the effect on student perceptions after curriculum modification include education regarding the burden of surgical disease and role of global surgery.

scholarly journals Global surgery: Improving health in low-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Orhan Alimoglu ◽  
Nuray Colapkulu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this report is to examine the definition of global surgery, discuss the problems and propose some suggestions. Global surgery aims to improve the surgical conditions to maintain a standard and equal surgical care, especially in low- and middle-income countries where burden of surgical diseases are increasing over the years. According to Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, 1.27 million more surgical healthcare workers will be required to provide minimal surgical workforce, by 2030. In resource-limited settings of the world-wide where medical education and post-graduation training programs are disrupted due to brain drain, instable conditions and economic reasons, sustaining a standard and accessible surgical care are possible by training surgeons. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.483-486

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Human Poisoning and Toxic Exposures in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3576
Author(s):  
Meghan A. Cook ◽  
Pardeep S. Jagpal ◽  
Khin Hnin Pwint ◽  
Lai Lai San ◽  
Saint Saint Kyaw Thein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
International Health ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Toxic Exposures ◽  
Human Poisoning

The International Health Regulations (2005) promote national capacity in core institutions so that countries can better detect, respond to and recover from public health emergencies. In accordance with the ‘all hazards’ approach to public health risk, this systematic review examines poisoning and toxic exposures in Myanmar. A systematic literature search was undertaken to find articles pertaining to poisoning in Myanmar published between 1998 and 2020. A number of poisoning risks are identified in this review, including snakebites, heavy metals, drugs of abuse, agrochemicals and traditional medicine. Patterns of poisoning presented in the literature diverge from poisoning priorities reported in other lower-middle income countries in the region. The experience of professionals working in a Yangon-based poison treatment unit also indicate that frequently observed poisoning as a result of pharmaceuticals, methanol, and petroleum products was absent from the literature. Other notable gaps in the available research include assessments of the public health burden of poisoning through self-harm, household exposures to chemicals, paediatric risk and women’s occupational risk of poisoning. There is a limited amount of research available on poisoning outcomes and routes of exposure in Myanmar. Further investigation and research are warranted to provide a more complete assessment of poisoning risk and incidence.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Human Poisoning and Toxic Exposures in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan A Cook ◽  
Pardeep Jagpal ◽  
Khin Hnin Pwint ◽  
Lai Lai San ◽  
Saint Saint Kyaw Thein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
International Health ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Toxic Exposures ◽  
Human Poisoning

The International Health Regulations (2005) promote national capacity in core institutions so countries can better detect, respond to and recover from public health emergencies. In accordance with the ‘all hazards’ approach to public health risk, this systematic review examines poisoning and toxic exposures in Myanmar. A systematic literature search was undertaken to find articles pertaining to poisoning in Myanmar published between 1998 and 2020. A number of poisoning risks are identified in this review including snakebites, heavy metals, drugs of abuse, agro-chemicals and traditional medicine. Patterns of poisoning presented in the literature diverge from poisoning priorities reported in other lower-middle income countries in the region. The expe-rience of professionals working in a Yangon-based poison treatment unit indicates that frequently observed poisoning as a result of substances including pharmaceuticals, methanol, and petroleum products were absent from the literature. Other notable gaps in the available research include assessments of the public health burden of poisoning through self-harm, household exposures to chemicals, paediatric risk and women’s occupational risk of poisoning. There is a limited amount of research available on poisoning outcomes and routes of exposure in Myanmar. Further inves-tigation and research is warranted to provide a more complete assessment of poisoning risk and incidence.

scholarly journals Emphasizing the Role of Neurosurgery Within Global Health and National Health Systems: A Call to Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Wilguens Lartigue ◽  
Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada ◽  
Makinah Haq ◽  
Sarah Rapaport ◽  
Lorraine Arabang Sebopelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases

Background: Worldwide, neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost and the second leading cause of death. Despite global health capacity-building efforts, each year, 22.6 million individuals worldwide require neurosurgeon's care due to diseases such as traumatic brain injury and hydrocephalus, and 13.8 million of these individuals require surgery. It is clear that neurosurgical care is indispensable in both national and international public health discussions. This study highlights the role neurosurgeons can play in supporting the global health agenda, national surgical plans, and health strengthening systems (HSS) interventions.Methods: Guided by a literature review, the authors discuss key topics such as the global burden of neurosurgical diseases, the current state of neurosurgical care around the world and the inherent benefits of strong neurosurgical capability for health systems.Results: Neurosurgical diseases make up an important part of the global burden of diseases. Many neurosurgeons possess the sustained passion, resilience, and leadership needed to advocate for improved neurosurgical care worldwide. Neurosurgical care has been linked to 14 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thus highlighting the tremendous impact neurosurgeons can have upon HSS initiatives.Conclusion: We recommend policymakers and global health actors to: (i) increase the involvement of neurosurgeons within the global health dialogue; (ii) involve neurosurgeons in the national surgical system strengthening process; (iii) integrate neurosurgical care within the global surgery movement; and (iv) promote the training and education of neurosurgeons, especially those residing in Low-and middle-income countries, in the field of global public health.

scholarly journals Advancing research on emergency care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: ensuring high-quality care delivery systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 6) ◽  
pp. e001265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel T Moresky ◽  
Junaid Razzak ◽  
Teri Reynolds ◽  
Lee A Wallis ◽  
Benjamin W Wachira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emergency Care Systems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Questions

Emergency care systems (ECS) address a wide range of acute conditions, including emergent conditions from communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, pregnancy and injury. Together, ECS represent an area of great potential for reducing morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is estimated that up to 54% of annual deaths in LMICs could be addressed by improved prehospital and facility-based emergency care. Research is needed to identify strategies for enhancing ECS to optimise prevention and treatment of conditions presenting in this context, yet significant gaps persist in defining critical research questions for ECS studies in LMICs. The Collaborative on Enhancing Emergency Care Research in LMICs seeks to promote research that improves immediate and long-term outcomes for clients and populations with emergent conditions. The objective of this paper is to describe systems approaches and research strategies for ECS in LMICs, elucidate priority research questions and methodology, and present a selection of studies addressing the operational, implementation, policy and health systems domains of health systems research as an approach to studying ECS. Finally, we briefly discuss limitations and the next steps in developing ECS-oriented interventions and research.

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