scholarly journals Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e026129
Author(s):  
Berhanie Getnet ◽  
Atalay Alem
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Two Factors

BackgroundDepression is among the top mental health problems with a major contribution to the global burden of disease. This study aimed at identifying the latent factor structure and construct validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale.Participants and settingA cross-sectional survey of 562 adults aged 18 years and above who were randomly selected from the Eritrean refugee community living in the Mai-Aini refugee camp, Ethiopia.MeasuresThe CES-D Scale, Primary Care PTSD (PC-PTSD) screener, premigration and postmigration living difficulties checklist, Oslo Social Support Scale (OSS-3), Sense of Coherence Scale (SoC-13), Coping Style Scale and fast alcohol screening test (FAST) were administered concurrently. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test prespecified factor structures of CES-D.ResultFirst-order two factors with second-order common factor structure of CES-D (correlated error terms) yielded the best fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index =0.975; root mean square error of approximation=0.040 [90% CI 0.032 to 0.047]). The 16 items defining depressive affect were internally consistent (Cronbach’s α=0.932) and internal consistency of the 4 items defining positive affect was relatively weak (Cronbach’s α=0.703). These two latent factors have a weaker standardised covariance estimate of 33% (24% for women and 40% for men), demonstrating evidence of discriminant validity. CES-D is significantly associated with measures of adversities, specifically, premigration living difficulties (r=0.545, p<0.001) and postmigration living difficulties (r=0.47, p<0.001), PC-PTSD (r=0.538, p<0.001), FAST (r=0.197, p<0.001) and emotion-oriented coping (r=0.096, p˂0.05) providing evidence of its convergent validity. It also demonstrated inverse association with measures of resilience factors, specifically, SoC-13 (r=−0.597, p<0.001) and OSS-3 (r=−0.319, p<0.001). The two correlated factors model of CES-D demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, error variance and structural covariance invariances (p>0.05) for both men and women.ConclusionsUnlike previous findings among Eritreans living in USA, second-order two factors structure of CES-D best fitted the data for Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia; this implies that it is important to address culture for the assessment and intervention of depression.

scholarly journals Validation of the Japanese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised: A Preliminary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Hirohito Tsuboi ◽  
Yui Takakura ◽  
Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽  
Sakae Miyagi ◽  
Keita Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Study Population

To make the Japanese version of the CESD-R—a revised version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D)—in the assessment of depressive symptoms in a general population. The English version of CESD-R was translated into Japanese, and back-translated into English by three native speakers of Japanese and English; then, we selected the version most completely consistent with the original items. The CESD-R was applied to 398 community-dwelling people (191 men: 48.0%, and 207 women: 52.0%) who were over 40 years old. The Japanese version of the CES-D was also carried out in the same population. Factor analysis was performed. Additionally, the correlations between the CESD-R and CES-D results were identified. The CESD-R scores showed a significantly positive correlation with CES-D scores (r = 0.74, p < 0.0005). Analysis of the CESD-R yielded a Cronbach’s alpha result of 0.90. Factor analysis revealed one principal factor in the CESD-R, whereas the original CES-D had two factors because of reversed items. The Japanese version of the CESD-R appears to have the reliability to be applicable for assessing depressive symptoms in population-based samples. However, because the Japanese expressions for some items might be unusual, our study population was also limited; further studies on other populations and on incorporating improved Japanese terminology will be needed.

scholarly journals Citizenship matters: Translating and adapting the Citizenship Measure to Norwegian

2021 ◽  
pp. 145507252110186
Author(s):  
Linda Nesse ◽  
Marianne Thorsen Gonzalez ◽  
Michael Rowe ◽  
Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
High Internal Consistency

Citizenship is considered intertwined with recovery, and may be a useful perspective for advancing quality of life among marginalised groups. Yet, matters of citizenship among persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems both in research and practice. Aims: In order to measure citizenship among persons with co-occurring problems in a Norwegian study, a measure of citizenship was translated from English to Norwegian. The aims of the study were to 1) translate and adapt the Citizenship Measure, developed by Rowe and colleagues at the Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health, to Norwegian, and 2) to assess the internal consistency and convergent validity of the Norwegian translated measure. Methods: The translation process was carried out using forward and back translation procedures. To examine measurement properties, a convenience sample of 104 residents with co-occurring problems living in supported housing completed the measure. Results: Two factors were identified, related to rights, and to relational citizenship. The Norwegian translation of the Citizenship Measure showed has high internal consistency and adequate convergent validity. Conclusions: We argue that the measure can be useful in assessing perceived citizenship, and in initiating efforts to support citizenship among persons with co-occurring problems.

scholarly journals Factor Structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a Sample of Postpartum Slovak Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6298
Author(s):  
Zuzana Škodová ◽  
Ľubica Bánovčinová ◽  
Eva Urbanová ◽  
Marián Grendár ◽  
Martina Bašková
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

Background: Postpartum depression has a negative impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Methods: A paper and pencil version of the 10-item EPDS questionnaire was administered personally to 577 women at baseline during their stay in hospital on the second to fourth day postpartum (age, 30.6 ± 4.9 years; 73.5% vaginal births vs. 26.5% operative births; 59.4% primiparas). A total of 198 women participated in the online follow-up 6–8 weeks postpartum (questionnaire sent via e-mail). Results: The Slovak version of the EPDS had Cronbach’s coefficients of 0.84 and 0.88 at baseline (T1) and follow-up, respectively. The three-dimensional model of the scale offered good fit for both the baseline (χ2(df = 28) = 1339.38, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.02, and TLI = 0.99) and follow-up (χ2(df = 45) = 908.06, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.09, and TL = 0.90). A risk of major depression (EPDS score ≥ 13) was identified in 6.1% in T1 and 11.6% in the follow-up. Elevated levels of depression symptoms (EPDS score ≥ 10) were identified in 16.7% and 22.7% of the respondents at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Conclusions: The Slovak translation of the EPDS showed good consistency, convergent validity, and model characteristics. The routine use of EPDS can contribute to improving the quality of postnatal health care.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the latent structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) amongst adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Blodgett ◽  
Chantelle C. Lachance ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Melissa Co ◽  
Yu-Tzu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a commonly used psychometric scale of depression. A four-factor structure (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal difficulties) was initially identified in an American sample aged 18 to 65. Despite emerging evidence, a latent structure has not been established in adolescents. This review aimed to investigate the factor structure of the CES-D in adolescents. Methods We searched Web of Science, PsychINFO and Scopus and included peer-reviewed, original studies assessing the factor structure of the 20-item CES-D in adolescents aged ≤18. Two independent researchers screened results and extracted data. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were primarily from school-based samples in the USA or Asia. Studies that conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 9) reported a four-factor structure consistent with the original factor structure; these studies were primarily USA-based. Conversely, studies that conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reported distinct two or three factor structures (n = 4) and were primarily based in Asia. Limitations Studies in a non-English language and those that included individuals aged > 18 years were excluded. Ethnic or cultural differences as well as different analytical methods impacted generalisability of results. The use of CFA as the primary analysis may have biased towards a four-factor structure. Conclusions A four-factor CES-D structure was an appropriate fit for adolescents in Western countries; further research is required to determine the fit in in Asian countries. This has important implications for clinical use of the scale. Future research should consider how cultural differences shape the experience of depression in adolescents.

Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale in Turkish Elderly: Are There Different Factor Structures for Different Cultures?

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turan Ertan ◽  
Engin Eker
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Positive Form

The purpose of this study was to examine the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) translated into Turkish for its reliability, discriminant validity, and factor structure in a sample of 276 community-dwelling elderly and 30 patients with major depression. One item (Item 5) was discovered to have conceptual difficulty for Turkish elderly and was transformed to negative form. Item 2 was transformed to positive form to keep the number of positive and negative items equal to that in the original GDS. A reasonable time stability with 1-week interval (r:.74) and a high level of internal consistency (α = .91) were observed. Student's t test resulted in a significant discriminant validity for the scale total score. Factor study with principal component analysis and varimax rotation gave rise to a structure with seven factors. Results of the same analysis with two factors were found to be easier to interpret. The first factor was composed of 19 items reflecting “depressive affect and thought content.” The other 11 items representing “decrease in motivation and cognitive functions” loaded in the second factor. In conclusion, the Turkish GDS was found to have reasonable time reliability, high internal consistency, and discriminant validity for Turkish elderly. Its two-factor structure can be used as an informative instrument for epidemiological studies, reflecting two main dimensions of depression in the elderly.

Confirmatory factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) in mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury

Brain Injury ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. McCauley ◽  
Claudia Pedroza ◽  
Sharon A. Brown ◽  
Corwin Boake ◽  
Harvey S. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

scholarly journals Scale development of occupational identity and testing model of antecedents and outcome variables of occupational identity

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
HongJoon Yoo ◽  
TaeYong Yoo ◽  
TaeIn Chung ◽  
Seongho Bae ◽  
AReum Jo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Workplace Satisfaction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
Three Factor

The first purpose of this study was to define the construct of occupational identity and develop the scale of occupational identity, the second purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of occupational identity using exploratory common factor analysis and test the discriminant validity of occupational identity with workplace satisfaction, and third purpose of this study was to test the model of antecedents and outcome variables of occupational identity using confirmatory factor analysis. For fulfilling these purposes, three studies were conducted. Data were gathered from 390 workers in study 1, 505 workers in study 2, 1,115 workers in study 3. As a result, the three-factor structure of occupational identity was stably replicated, although the sample was changed. The occupational identity had discriminant validity with workplace satisfaction. Except for person-occupation fit(a subfactor of occupational identity) had a high correlation with general, occupational satisfaction(a subfactor of workplace satisfaction), other subfactors of occupational identity generally had low correlations with other subfactors of workplace satisfaction. It was found that the occupational identity was derived from occupational reputation, dedication to the occupation, occupational pride, and mission to the occupation. And the occupational identity resulted in the purpose of the worker’s life and intention to continue the worker’s occupation. Based on these results, We made discussions about implications, limitations, and future research tasks.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Vinggaard Christensen ◽  
Jane K. Dixon ◽  
Knud Juel ◽  
Ola Ekholm ◽  
Trine Bernholdt Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among cardiac patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, no study on the validity and reliability of the scale in Danish cardiac patients has been done. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in a large sample of Danish patients with the four most common cardiac diagnoses: ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and heart valve disease. Methods The DenHeart study was designed as a national cross-sectional survey including the HADS, SF-12 and HeartQoL and combined with data from national registers. Psychometric evaluation included analyses of floor and ceiling effects, structural validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses testing of convergent and divergent validity by relating the HADS scores to the SF-12 and HeartQoL. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha, and differential item functioning by gender was examined using ordinal logistic regression. Results A total of 12,806 patients (response rate 51%) answered the HADS. Exploratory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure of the HADS, while confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure consisting of the original depression subscale and two anxiety subscales as suggested in a previous study. There were floor effects on all items and ceiling effect on item 8. The hypotheses regarding convergent validity were confirmed but those regarding divergent validity for HADS-D were not. Internal consistency was good with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for HADS-A and 0.82 for HADS-D. There were no indications of noticeable differential item functioning by gender for any items. Conclusions The present study supported the evidence of convergent validity and high internal consistency for both HADS outcomes in a large sample of Danish patients with cardiac disease. There are, however, conflicting results regarding the factor structure of the scale consistent with previous research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01926145.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document