scholarly journals Ultra-processed foods and recommended intake levels of nutrients linked to non-communicable diseases in Australia: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila P Machado ◽  
Euridice M Steele ◽  
Renata B Levy ◽  
Zhixian Sui ◽  
Anna Rangan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the consumption of ultra-processed foods in Australia and its association with the intake of nutrients linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2011-2012).Participants12,153 participants aged 2+ years.Main outcome measuresAverage dietary content of nutrients linked to NCDs and the prevalence of intake outside levels recommended for the prevention of NCDs.Data analysisFood items were classified according to the NOVA system, a classification based on the nature, extent and purpose of industrial food processing. The contribution of each NOVA food group and their subgroups to total energy intake was calculated. Mean nutrient content of ultra-processed food and non-ultra-processed food fractions of the diet were compared. Across quintiles of the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods, differences in the intake of nutrients linked to NCDs as well as in the prevalence of intakes outside levels recommended for the prevention of NCDs were examined.ResultsUltra-processed foods had the highest dietary contribution (42.0% of energy intake), followed by unprocessed or minimally processed foods (35.4%), processed foods (15.8%) and processed culinary ingredients (6.8%). A positive and statistically significant linear trend was found between quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption and intake levels of free sugars (standardised β 0.43, p<0.001); total (β 0.08, p<0.001), saturated (β 0.18, p<0.001) and trans fats (β 0.10, p<0.001); sodium (β 0.21, p<0.001) and diet energy density (β 0.41, p<0.001), while an inverse relationship was observed for dietary fibre (β -0.21, p<0.001) and potassium (β -0.27, p<0.001). The prevalence of non-recommended intake levels of all studied nutrients increased linearly across quintiles of ultra-processed food intake, notably from 22% to 82% for free sugars, from 6% to 11% for trans fat and from 2% to 25% for dietary energy density, from the lowest to the highest ultra-processed food quintile.ConclusionThe high energy contribution of ultra-processed foods impacted negatively on the intake of non-ultra-processed foods and on all nutrients linked to NCDs in Australia. Decreasing the dietary share of ultra-processed foods would substantially improve the diet quality in the country and help the population achieve recommendations on critical nutrients linked to NCDs.

The association of mycoprotein-based foods consumption with diet quality, energy intake and non-communicable diseases’ risk in the UK adult population using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) years 2008/09-2016/17: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Anna Cherta-Murillo ◽  
Gary S. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Fibre

Abstract Mycoprotein is a fungal-based ingredient rich in fibre and protein used in meat-replacement foods sold under the name of Quorn in 17 countries. Fibre and protein positively regulate glycaemia, lipidaemia, energy intake which are non-communicable diseases’ (NCDs) markers. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of mycoprotein intake with diet quality, nutrient, energy intake and NCDs risk within UK free-living adults from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) from years 2008/09-2016/17. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and healthy diet index (HDI) were calculated to estimate diet quality. Comparison between mycoprotein consumers (>1% kcal) and non-consumers, and associations between consumers and nutrient intakes, NCDs’ risk markers and diet quality were investigated using a survey-adjusted general linear model adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, socio-economic, smoking status, region of residency, total energy, energy density, HDI and non-mycoprotein fibre intake. 5507 adults were included, of which 3.44% were mycoprotein consumers and had a higher intake of dietary fibre (+22.18%,p<0.001), DASH score (+23.33%) and HDI (+8.89%) (p<0.001, both) and lower BMI (−4.77%,p=0.00) vs. non-consumers. There was an association (p=0.00) between mycoprotein consumers and diet quality scores (+0.19 and +0.26), high fibre (+3.17g), total and food energy (+3.09 and +0.22 kcal), but low energy density intakes (−0.08 kcal/g,p=0.04). Consumers were negatively associated with fasting blood glucose (−0.31 mmol/L,p=0.00), and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (−0.15%,p=0.01). In conclusion, mycoprotein intake is associated with lower glycaemic markers and energy density intake, and high fibre, energy intake and diet quality scores.

scholarly journals Decreasing the number of small eating occasions (<15 % of total energy intake) regardless of the time of day may be important to improve diet quality but not adiposity: a cross-sectional study in British children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
M. Barbara E. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
British Children

AbstractEvidence of associations between meal frequency (MF) and snack frequency (SF) and diet and obesity in young populations is limited. This cross-sectional study examined MF and SF in relation to dietary intake and adiposity measures in British children aged 4–10 years (n 818) and adolescents aged 11–18 years (n 818). Based on data from a 7-d weighed dietary record, all eating occasions were divided into meals or snacks on the basis of contribution to energy intake (≥15 or <15 %) or time (06.00–10.00, 12.00–15.00 and 18.00–21.00 hours or others). All measures of MF and SF showed positive associations with energy intake, except for MF based on energy contribution in children. Irrespective of the definition of snacks, SF was associated with higher intakes of soft drinks, confectionery and total sugar, lower intakes of cereals, fish, meat, protein, PUFA, starch and dietary fibre, and a lower diet quality (assessed by the Mediterranean diet score, except for SF based on energy contribution in adolescents). MF based on time, but not based on energy contribution, was associated with higher intakes of confectionery and total sugar, lower intakes of fish, protein, PUFA and starch, and, only in children, a lower diet quality. All measures of MF and SF showed no association with adiposity measures. In conclusion, this cross-sectional study in British children and adolescents suggests that decreasing the number of small eating occasions (<15 % of total energy intake) regardless of the time of day may be important to improve diet quality but not adiposity.

scholarly journals Energy contribution of NOVA food groups and socio-demographic determinants of ultra-processed groups among adults in Terengganu, Malaysia

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 640-648
Author(s):  
Asma' A. ◽  
Wan Syakirah Alia W.M.S ◽  
Aziz Y. ◽  
Hayati M.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Research

The Malaysian Nutrition Research Priorities for Malaysia’s 11th Plan noted the necessity to investigate in depth the consumption of ultra-processed food among the Malaysian population. No empirical research has focused on exploring the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods and the socio-demographic determinants of ultra-processed foods. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods with socio-demographic factors particularly in Terengganu, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study provides a novel approach to quantifying energy contribution of 200 adults (living in Terengganu; aged 18 to 59 years) based on the ultra-processed food classification named as NOVA, via semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and to determine the association between energy contribution of ultra-processed foods and socio-demographic characteristics. The selfadministered questionnaire consists of three sections: socio-demographic profile, frequency of ultra-processed food consumption and energy contribution of NOVA food groups. All data were analysed using SPSS version 21. The findings show that the contribution of ultra-processed foods among respondents was lower (40.38%) compared to unprocessed and minimally processed foods (55.73%). The most frequent consumed ultraprocessed foods were noodles and fried chicken (fast food). Meanwhile, the least frequently consumed foods included frozen chicken pie and garlic spread. There were significant associations between the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods and marital status, educational level, monthly household income and occupational status meanwhile there was no significant association between age and gender at p<0.05. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of ultra-processed foods consumption using NOVA classification via semi-quantitative FFQ in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Influence of ultra-processed foods on prevalence of inadequacy in Portuguese adults and elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Costa de Miranda ◽  
F Rauber ◽  
M Moraes ◽  
S Rodrigues ◽  
R Bertazzi Levy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Daily Energy

Abstract Background Ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has been widely associated with low diet quality. We aim to investigate its energy contribution and influence on prevalence of nutrient inadequacy in Portugal. Methods Cross-sectional representative study involving 3102 adults and 750 elderly enrolled in the 2015-2016 National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake was assessed by two non-consecutive 24h recalls. Food items were classified according to the NOVA system. Total energy intake and energy contribution provided by UPF group were determined. Inadequate intake was evaluated across quintiles (Q) of UPF consumption by adjusted Poisson regressions. We adjusted the usual intake estimate by Multiple Source Method and considered the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Results UPF contributed with 24% and 16% of daily energy intake in adults (1904 kcal/day) and elderly (1603 kcal/day), respectively. In both age groups, practically all individuals had inadequate intake of sodium, while about a half or more of population had inadequate intake of fibre and potassium. As the dietary share of UPF increased, the prevalence of inadequacy of free sugars (PR = 1.53 for adults and 1.56 for elderly) and saturated fat (PR = 1.18 and 1.15, respectively) increased significantly. In adults, this same trend was also seen for fibre (PR = 1.03) and potassium (PR = 1.12). Particularly relevant was the increase in prevalence of inadequacy of free sugar from 10.5% (Q1) to 67.6% (Q5) in adults and 5.8% (Q1) to 41.8% (Q5) in elderly. Prevalence of inadequacy of saturated fat raised from 27.3% (Q1) to 68.9% (Q5) in adults and 29.4% (Q1) to 46.8% (Q5) in elderly. Conclusions Effective strategies are needed to reduce UPF consumption among Portuguese adults and elderly in order to prevent them from diet-related non-communicable diseases. Funding FAPESP 2018/07391-9, 2019/05972-7 (MCR), 2016/14302-7 (FR); POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032090. Key messages Ultra-processed food contributes with 24% and 16% of daily energy intake in Portuguese adults and elderly. As the ultra-processed food consumption increases, the prevalence of inadequacy of free sugars and saturated fat increases for both, while inadequacy of fiber and potassium also increases for adults.

scholarly journals Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated sociodemographic factors in the USA between 2007 and 2012: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Galastri Baraldi ◽  
Euridice Martinez Steele ◽  
Daniela Silva Canella ◽  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectivesTo compare ultra-processed food consumption across sociodemographic groups and over time (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012) in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012.ParticipantsAll individuals aged ≥2 years with at least one 24-hour dietary recall were included (n=23 847).Main outcome measuresAverage dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (expressed as a percentage of the total caloric value of the diet), obtained after classifying all food items according to extent and purpose of industrial food processing using NOVA classification.Data analysisLinear regression was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics or NHANES cycles and dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods.ResultsAlmost 60% of calories consumed in the period 2007–2012 came from ultra-processed foods. Consumption of ultra-processed foods decreased with age and income level, was higher for non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks than for other race/ethnicity groups and lower for people with college than for lower levels of education, all differences being statistically significant. Overall contribution of ultra-processed foods increased significantly between NHANES cycles (nearly 1% point per cycle), the same being observed among males, adolescents and high school education-level individuals.ConclusionsUltra-processed food consumption in the USA in the period 2007–2012 was overall high, greater among non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks, less educated, younger, lower-income strata and increased across time.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and nutritional profile in a health promotion service of Primary care

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Suellen Fabiane Campos ◽  
Luana Caroline dos Santos ◽  
Mariana Souza Lopes ◽  
Patrícia Pinheiro de Freitas ◽  
Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Consumption ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Public Health Promotion

Abstract Objective: Describing the consumption of Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and their association with the nutritional profiles among users of a health promotion service in a Brazilian city. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Public health promotion service of Primary Health Care in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants: 3372 participants Results: UPFs were found to contribute to 27.7% of the diet’s total energy. The highest consumption was associated with higher values for energy intake (1561,8 vs. 1331,8 kcal/d; p <0,01), energy density (1,7 vs. 1,4 kcal/g; p <0,01), total (32,5 vs. 27,3 %; p <0,01) and trans fats (2,1 vs. 1,2 %; p <0,01), and sodium (1001,6 vs. 758,9 mg/1000 kcal; p <0,01), and with lower values for proteins (14,9 vs. 19,6 %; p <0,01), mono-unsaturated fats (16,1 vs. 20,1%; p=0,02), omega-3 (0,9 vs. 1,1 %; p <0,01), and some vitamins and minerals when comparing individuals in the last quintile of energy contribution from UPFs in relation to the first one. The prevalence rate of nutrient inadequacy aimed at preventing NCDs increased between 30% and 100% when compared the values of the fifth to the first quintile of UPFs consumption(p<0,001). However, the participants had lower energy intake, energy density and sodium; and higher fiber consumption when compared to Brazilian population. Conclusions: Participants showed a high consumption of UPFs, but also positive diet characteristics when compared to the national data. The results suggest the importance of Health promotion services to promote healthy food and the need to include approaches to reduce UPFs consumption.

THE SITUATION OF RECOGNITION OF SOME NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND TREATMENT AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIORS OF PEOPLE IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Phuoc Thuoc Doan ◽  
Thi Huong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thanh Nhan Tran ◽  
Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Background: Non-communicable diseases seriously affect public health and socio-economic development of the country due to the high number of people suffering from diseases, being disabled and mortal. However, the proportion of people who recognized themselves a suffering from non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia is not high. For cases that their disease situations have been identified, there are not appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors. Objectives: 1) To determine the proportion of 25 - 84 years old peoplewho identified themselves as suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. 2) To learn treatment and preventive behaviors in the group of people who identified themselves as suffering from diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of 1600 residents in Thua Thien Hue province. Results: The proportion of people knowing that they are suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 29.4%; 3.2% and 7.8% respectively. Among them, the proportion of people who did not treat and treated irregularly accounted for 42.7%; 13.7% and 75.2% respectively; the proportion of people who did not change their lifestyles and dietary habits accounted for 50.1%; 5.9% and 56.8% respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of people who identified themselves as suffering from some non-communicable diseases without appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors is alarming. Interventions are needed to help people realize the importance of treatment and prevention effectively. Key words: Non-communicable diseases, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia

scholarly journals Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041755
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Jill E Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.

scholarly journals Free Sugars Intake among Chinese Adolescents and Its Association with Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Qiping Yang ◽  
Yue Xi ◽  
Hanmei Liu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Yufeng Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Targeted Interventions

This study aims to estimate the free sugars intake, identify the primary food sources of free sugars, and explore the relationship between free sugars intake and dental caries among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1517 middle-school students aged 12–14 years in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and oral health assessment. The students’ dental caries experience was available as DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model. The average intake of free sugars was 53.1 g/d in adolescents, and 43.2% of the students consumed more than 50 g of free sugars daily. The primary contributor to free sugars was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Age, boarders, and high family income were risk factors for excessive free sugars intake (p < 0.05), and increased free sugars intake was a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratio, OR = 1.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.138–1.839). Both the free sugars intake and dental caries prevalence in Chinese adolescents were high. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address the excessive consumption of free sugars and improve Chinese adolescents’ oral health.

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