scholarly journals Evidence for the effects of viewing visual artworks on stress outcomes: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043549
Author(s):  
Mikaela Law ◽  
Nikita Karulkar ◽  
Elizabeth Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo review the existing evidence on the effects of viewing visual artworks on stress outcomes and outline any gaps in the research.DesignA scoping review was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Two independent reviewers performed the screening and data extraction.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google, ProQuest Theses and Dissertations Database, APA PsycExtra and Opengrey.eu were searched in May 2020.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they investigated the effects of viewing at least one visual artwork on at least one stress outcome measure. Studies involving active engagement with art, review papers or qualitative studies were excluded. There were no limits in terms of year of publication, contexts or population types; however, only studies published in the English language were considered.Data extraction and synthesisInformation extracted from manuscripts included: study methodologies, population and setting characteristics, details of the artwork interventions and key findings.Results14 primary studies were identified, with heterogeneous study designs, methodologies and artwork interventions. Many studies lacked important methodological details and only four studies were randomised controlled trials. 13 of the 14 studies on self-reported stress reported reductions after viewing artworks, and all of the four studies that examined systolic blood pressure reported reductions. Fewer studies examined heart rate, heart rate variability, cortisol, respiration or other physiological outcomes.ConclusionsThere is promising evidence for effects of viewing artwork on reducing stress. Moderating factors may include setting, individual characteristics, artwork content and viewing instructions. More robust research, using more standardised methods and randomised controlled trial designs, is needed.Registration detailsA protocol for this review is registered with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/gq5d8).

scholarly journals Diagnosing Overtraining Syndrome: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110447
Author(s):  
Justin Carrard ◽  
Anne-Catherine Rigort ◽  
Christian Appenzeller-Herzog ◽  
Flora Colledge ◽  
Karsten Königstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Overtraining Syndrome ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Study Characteristics

Context: Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is a condition characterized by a long-term performance decrement, which occurs after a persisting imbalance between training-related and nontraining-related load and recovery. Because of the lack of a gold standard diagnostic test, OTS remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Objective: To systematically review and map biomarkers and tools reported in the literature as potentially diagnostic for OTS. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were searched from database inception to February 4, 2021, and results screened for eligibility. Backward and forward citation tracking on eligible records were used to complement results of database searching. Study Selection: Studies including athletes with a likely OTS diagnosis, as defined by the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine, and reporting at least 1 biomarker or tool potentially diagnostic for OTS were deemed eligible. Study Design: Scoping review following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Athletes’ population, criteria used to diagnose OTS, potentially diagnostic biomarkers and tools, as well as miscellaneous study characteristics were extracted. Results: The search yielded 5561 results, of which 39 met the eligibility criteria. Three diagnostic scores, namely the EROS-CLINICAL, EROS-SIMPLIFIED, and EROS-COMPLETE scores (EROS = Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome study), were identified. Additionally, basal hormone, neurotransmitter and other metabolite levels, hormonal responses to stimuli, psychological questionnaires, exercise tests, heart rate variability, electroencephalography, immunological and redox parameters, muscle structure, and body composition were reported as potentially diagnostic for OTS. Conclusion: Specific hormones, neurotransmitters, and metabolites, as well as psychological, electrocardiographic, electroencephalographic, and immunological patterns were identified as potentially diagnostic for OTS, reflecting its multisystemic nature. As exemplified by the EROS scores, combinations of these variables may be required to diagnose OTS. These scores must now be validated in larger samples and within female athletes.

scholarly journals What works to promote walking at the population level? A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Foster ◽  
Paul Kelly ◽  
Hamish A B Reid ◽  
Nia Roberts ◽  
Elaine M Murtagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
English Language ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
School Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveInterventions to promote walking have focused on individual or group-based approaches, often via the randomised controlled trial design. Walking can also be promoted using population health approaches. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of population approaches to promote walking among individuals and populations.DesignA systematic review.Data sources10 electronic databases searched from January 1990 to March 2017.Eligibility criteriaEligibility criteria include pre-experimental and postexperimental studies of the effects of population interventions to change walking, and the effects must have been compared with a ‘no intervention’, or comparison group/area/population, or variation in exposure; duration of ≥12 months of follow up; participants in free-living populations; and English-language articles.Results12 studies were identified from mostly urban high-income countries (one focusing on using tax, incentivising the loss of parking spaces; and one using policy only, permitting off-leash dogs in city parks). Five studies used mass media with either environment (n=2) or community (n=3) approaches. Four studies used environmental changes that were combined with policies. One study had scaled up school-based approaches to promote safe routes to schools. We found mass media, community initiatives and environmental change approaches increased walking (range from 9 to 75 min/week).

scholarly journals Teleophthalmology and its evolving role in a COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Jiamin Charmaine Chong ◽  
Chai-Hoon Nowel Tan ◽  
David Z Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT Introduction: Teleophthalmology may assist the healthcare sector in adapting to limitations imposed on clinical practice by a viral pandemic. A scoping review is performed in this study to assess the current applications of teleophthalmology for its suitability to diagnose, monitor or manage ophthalmological conditions with accuracy. Methods: A search of PubMed was conducted for teleophthalmology-related articles published from 1 January 2018 to 4 May 2020. Only articles that focused on the use of teleophthalmology in terms of diagnosis and management, as well as its benefits and detriments, were included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the included articles. Results: A total of 38 articles were assessed at the full-text level. There were 2 qualitative studies and 1 quantitative randomised controlled trial, while the majority were either quantitative descriptive studies (19, 50.0%) or quantitative non-randomised studies (16, 42.1%). Overall, 8 studies described reducing manpower requirements, 4 described reducing direct patient–doctor contact, 17 described storage of medical imaging and clinical data, and 9 described real-time teleconferencing. The MMAT analysis revealed limitations in appropriate sampling strategy in both quantitative non-randomised studies (9 of 16, 56.3%) and quantitative descriptive studies (9 of 19, 47.4%). Cost-effectiveness of teleophthalmology was not performed in any included study. Conclusion: This current review of the various aspects of teleophthalmology describes how it may potentially assist the healthcare sector to cope with the limitations imposed by a viral pandemic through technology. Further research is required to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the various strategies. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, health informatics, ophthalmology, teleconsultation, telemedicine

scholarly journals Attitudes of patients and surgeons towards sham surgery trials: a protocol for a scoping review of attributes to inform a discrete choice experiment

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e035870
Author(s):  
Laura Wall ◽  
Madeleine Hinwood ◽  
Danielle Lang ◽  
Angela Smith ◽  
Samantha Bunzli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Surgery Trial

IntroductionIn order to properly evaluate the efficacy of orthopaedic procedures, rigorous, randomised controlled sham surgery trial designs are necessary. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for surgery involving a placebo are ethically debated and difficult to conduct with many failing to reach their desired sample size and power. A review of the literature on barriers and enablers to recruitment, and patient and surgeon attitudes and preferences towards sham surgery trials, will help to determine the characteristics necessary for successful recruitment.Methods and analysisThis review will scope the diverse literature surrounding sham surgery trials with the aim of informing a discrete choice experiment to empirically test patient and surgeon preferences for different sham surgery trial designs. The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the methodological framework described in Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews. The review will be informed by a systematic search of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL and EconLit databases (from database inception to 21 June 2019), a Google Scholar search, and hand searching of reference lists of relevant studies or reviews. Studies or opinion pieces that involve patient, surgeon or trial characteristics, which influence the decision to participate in a trial, will be included. Study selection will be carried out independently by two authors with discrepancies resolved by consensus among three authors. Data will be charted using a standardised form, and results tabulated and narratively summarised with reference to the research questions of the review.Ethics and disseminationThe findings from this review will inform the design of a discrete choice experiment around willingness to participate in surgical trials, the outcomes of which can inform decision and cost-effectiveness models of sham surgery RCTs. The qualitative information from this review will also inform patient-centred outcomes research. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42019133296.

scholarly journals Compliance with ethical standards in the reporting of donor sources and ethics review in peer-reviewed publications involving organ transplantation in China: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Rogers ◽  
Matthew P Robertson ◽  
Angela Ballantyne ◽  
Brette Blakely ◽  
Ruby Catsanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Volunteer Donor ◽  
Donor Programme

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate whether papers reporting research on Chinese transplant recipients comply with international professional standards aimed at excluding publication of research that: (1) involves any biological material from executed prisoners; (2) lacks Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and (3) lacks consent of donors.DesignScoping review based on Arksey and O’Mallee’s methodological framework.Data sourcesMedline, Scopus and Embase were searched from January 2000 to April 2017.Eligibility criteriaWe included research papers published in peer-reviewed English-language journals reporting on outcomes of research involving recipients of transplanted hearts, livers or lungs in mainland China.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted by individual authors working independently following training and benchmarking. Descriptive statistics were compiled using Excel.Results445 included studies reported on outcomes of 85 477 transplants. 412 (92.5%) failed to report whether or not organs were sourced from executed prisoners; and 439 (99%) failed to report that organ sources gave consent for transplantation. In contrast, 324 (73%) reported approval from an IRB. Of the papers claiming that no prisoners’ organs were involved in the transplants, 19 of them involved 2688 transplants that took place prior to 2010, when there was no volunteer donor programme in China.DiscussionThe transplant research community has failed to implement ethical standards banning publication of research using material from executed prisoners. As a result, a large body of unethical research now exists, raising issues of complicity and moral hazard to the extent that the transplant community uses and benefits from the results of this research. We call for retraction of this literature pending investigation of individual papers.

scholarly journals Has the reporting quality of published randomised controlled trial protocols improved since the SPIRIT statement? A methodological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e038283
Author(s):  
Zet Wei Tan ◽  
Aidan Christopher Tan ◽  
Tom Li ◽  
Ian Harris ◽  
Justine M Naylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
English Language ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo determine the reporting quality of published randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocols before and after the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement (2013), and any association with author, trial or journal factors.DesignMethodological study.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL were electronically searched using optimised search strategies.Eligibility criteriaProtocols written for an RCT of living humans, published in full text in a peer-reviewed journal and published in the English language.Main outcomePrimary outcome was the overall proportion of checklist items which were adequately reported in RCT protocols published before and after the SPIRIT statement.Results300 RCT protocols were retrieved; 150 from the period immediately before the SPIRIT statement (9 July 2012 to 28 December 2012) and 150 from a recent period after the SPIRIT statement (25 January 2019 to 20 March 2019). 47.9% (95% CI, 46.5% to 49.3%) of checklist items were adequately reported in RCT protocols before the SPIRIT statement and 56.7% (95% CI, 54.9% to 58.5%) after the SPIRIT statement. This represents an 8.8% (95% CI, 6.6% to 11.1%; p<0.0001) mean improvement in the overall proportion of checklist items adequately reported since the SPIRIT statement. While 40% of individual checklist items had a significant improvement in adequate reporting after the SPIRIT statement, 11.3% had a significant deterioration and there were no RCT protocols in which all individual checklist items were complete. The factors associated with higher reporting quality of RCT protocols in multiple regression analysis were author expertise or experience in epidemiology or statistics, multicentre trials, longer protocol word length and publicly reported journal policy of compliance with the SPIRIT statement.ConclusionThe overall reporting quality of RCT protocols has significantly improved since the SPIRIT statement, although a substantial proportion of individual checklist items remain poorly reported. Continued and concerted efforts are required by journals, editors, reviewers and investigators to improve the completeness and transparency of RCT protocols.

scholarly journals ‘Communities are attempting to tackle the crisis’: a scoping review on community plans to prevent and reduce opioid-related harms

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e028583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Leece ◽  
Triti Khorasheh ◽  
Nimitha Paul ◽  
Sue Keller-Olaman ◽  
Susan Massarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Public Health Decision

ObjectivesWe sought to understand the implementation of multifaceted community plans to address opioid-related harms.DesignOur scoping review examined the extent of the literature on community plans to prevent and reduce opioid-related harms, characterise the key components, and identify gaps.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINHAL, SocINDEX and Academic Search Primer, and three search engines for English language peer-reviewed and grey literature from the past 10 years.Eligibility criteriaEligible records addressed opioid-related harms or overdose, used two or more intervention approaches (eg, prevention, treatment, harm reduction, enforcement and justice), involved two or more partners and occurred in an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development country.Data extraction and synthesisQualitative thematic and quantitative analysis was conducted on the charted data. Stakeholders were engaged through fourteen interviews, three focus groups and one workshop.ResultsWe identified 108 records that described 100 community plans in Canada and the USA; four had been evaluated. Most plans were provincially or state funded, led by public health and involved an average of seven partners. Commonly, plans used individual training to implement interventions. Actions focused on treatment and harm reduction, largely to increase access to addiction services and naloxone. Among specific groups, people in conflict with the law were addressed most frequently. Community plans typically engaged the public through in-person forums. Stakeholders identified three key implications to our findings: addressing equity and stigma-related barriers towards people with lived experience of substance use; improving data collection to facilitate evaluation; and enhancing community partnerships by involving people with lived experience of substance use.ConclusionCurrent understanding of the implementation and context of community opioid-related plans demonstrates a need for evaluation to advance the evidence base. Partnership with people who have lived experience of substance use is underdeveloped and may strengthen responsive public health decision making.

scholarly journals Measurement of unnecessary psychiatric readmissions in the context of care transition interventions: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e045364
Author(s):  
Bo Kim ◽  
Christopher Weatherly ◽  
Courtney Benjamin Wolk ◽  
Enola K Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Care Transition ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Transition Processes ◽  
Healthcare Transition ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Scoping Reviews

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine how published studies of inpatient to outpatient mental healthcare transition processes have approached measuring unnecessary psychiatric readmissions.DesignScoping review using Levac et al’s enhancement to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for conducting scoping reviews.Data sourcesMedline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science article databases were searched from 1 January 2009 through 28 February 2019.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included studies that (1) are about care transition processes associated with unnecessary psychiatric readmissions and (2) specify use of at least one readmission time interval (ie, the time period since previous discharge from inpatient care, within which a hospitalisation can be considered a readmission).Data extraction and synthesisWe assessed review findings through tabular and content analyses of the data extracted from included articles.ResultsOur database search yielded 3478 unique articles, 67 of which were included in our scoping review. The included articles varied widely in their reported readmission time intervals used. They provided limited details regarding which readmissions they considered unnecessary and which risks they accounted for in their measurement. There were no perceptible trends in associations between the variation in these findings and the included studies’ characteristics (eg, target population, type of care transition intervention).ConclusionsThe limited specification with which studies report their approach to unnecessary psychiatric readmissions measurement is a noteworthy gap identified by this scoping review, and one that can hinder both the replicability of conducted studies and adaptations of study methods by future investigations. Recommendations stemming from this review include (1) establishing a framework for reporting the measurement approach, (2) devising enhanced guidelines regarding which approaches to use in which circumstances and (3) examining how sensitive research findings are to the choice of the approach.

scholarly journals Public health implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a rapid scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e055781
Author(s):  
Mari Somerville ◽  
Janet A Curran ◽  
Justine Dol ◽  
Leah Boulos ◽  
Lynora Saxinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC; Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta) identified by May 2021 are highly transmissible, yet little is known about their impact on public health measures. We aimed to synthesise evidence related to public health measures and VOC.DesignA rapid scoping review.Data sourcesOn 11 May 2021, seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Central Register of Controlled Trials, Epistemonikos’ L-OVE on COVID-19, medRxiv, bioRxiv) were searched for terms related to VOC, public health measures, transmission and health systems. No limit was placed on date of publication.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they reported on any of the four VOCs and public health measures, and were available in English. Only studies reporting on data collected after October 2020, when the first VOC was reported, were included.Data extraction and synthesisTitles, abstracts and full-text articles were screened by two independent reviewers. Data extraction was completed by two independent reviewers using a standardised form. Data synthesis and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.ResultsOf the 37 included studies, the majority assessed the impact of Alpha (n=32) and were conducted in Europe (n=12) or the UK (n=9). Most were modelling studies (n=28) and preprints (n=28). The majority of studies reported on infection control measures (n=17), followed by modifying approaches to vaccines (n=13), physical distancing (n=6) and either mask wearing, testing or hand washing (n=2). Findings suggest an accelerated vaccine rollout is needed to mitigate the spread of VOC.ConclusionsThe increased severity of VOC requires proactive public health measures to control their spread. Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence for continued implementation of public health measures in conjunction with vaccine rollout. With no studies reporting on Delta, there is a need for further research on this and other emerging VOC on public health measures.

scholarly journals Delivering HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care online: A scoping review.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Kincaid ◽  
Claudia Estcourt ◽  
Jamie Frankis ◽  
Jenny Dalrymple ◽  
Jo Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Care Pathways ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Objectives: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), in which people take HIV medication to prevent HIV acquisition, is a highly effective method of HIV prevention; however, global implementation of PrEP is patchy. PrEP provision will need to be upscaled significantly to achieve UNAIDS/WHO goals of elimination of HIV transmission. Online provision of PrEP care could enhance access to, and delivery of, care at scale. We explored the extent to which PrEP care has been delivered online to inform the development of a novel online PrEP clinic. Design: Scoping review. Data sources: Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ASSIA, PUBMED, Open Grey, and EThOS databases. Eligibility criteria: English language articles describing a service that delivered one or more element of PrEP-related care online, published from 2009 onwards. Data extraction and synthesis: Data were extracted using matrices and synthesised using summary statistics and thematic analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess study quality. Results: Fifty-nine articles were included: eight randomised controlled trials, 12 non-randomised quantitative studies, 30 descriptive quantitative studies, 14 qualitative studies, and four reviews of online content. Seven studies detailed comprehensive PrEP care pathways that used a combination of online, face-to-face and telephone based care. Of the remaining studies, the majority focused on HIV testing outside a PrEP context. Care tended to be delivered via websites (n=41), video chat, and smartphone apps (both n=10). The acceptability and feasibility of delivering elements of care online was high. Conclusions: Online PrEP care appears feasible and acceptable, offering convenience and a means to overcome some of the reported barriers to face-to-face care. Services tended to focus on a single element of PrEP-related care or use a combination of online, face-to-face and phone-based care. Additional formative work is needed to inform the development of complete online PrEP care pathways.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document