High intake of dairy during energy restriction does not affect energy balance or the intestinal microflora compared with low dairy intake in overweight individuals in a randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Quist Bendtsen ◽  
Trine Blædel ◽  
Jacob Bak Holm ◽  
Janne Kunchel Lorenzen ◽  
Alicja Budek Mark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Fecal Fat ◽  
Fat Excretion ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

During weight loss, dairy calcium is proposed to accelerate weight and fat-mass loss through increased fecal fat excretion. The primary objective was to investigate if a high-dairy energy-restricted diet is superior to low dairy in terms of changes in body weight, body composition, and fecal fat excretion over 24 weeks. Secondary objectives included fecal energy and calcium excretion, resting energy expenditure, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota. In a randomized, parallel-arm intervention study, 11 men and 69 women (body mass index, 30.6 ± 0.3 kg/m2; age, 44 ± 1 years) were allocated to a 500-kcal (2100 kJ) –deficit diet that was either high (HD: 1500 mg calcium/day) or low (LD: 600 mg calcium/day) in dairy products for 24 weeks. Habitual calcium intake was ∼1000 mg/day. Body weight loss (HD: –6.6 ± 1.3 kg, LD: –7.9 ± 1.5 kg, P = 0.73), fat-mass loss (HD: –7.8% ± 1.3%, LD: –8.5% ± 1.1%, P = 0.76), changes in fecal fat excretion (HD: –0.57 ± 0.76 g, LD: 0.46 ± 0.70 g, P = 0.12), and microbiota composition were similar for the groups over 24 weeks. However, total fat-mass loss was positively associated with relative abundance of Papillibacter (P = 0.017) independent of diet group. Consumption of a high-dairy diet did not increase fecal fat or accelerate weight and fat-mass loss beyond energy restriction over 24 weeks in overweight and obese adults with a habitual calcium intake of ∼1000 mg/day. However, this study indicates that Papillibacter is involved in body compositional changes.

scholarly journals Dairy intake enhances body weight and fat mass loss during energy restriction in 18–50 year olds – A meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
W. Stonehouse ◽  
T. Wycherley ◽  
N. Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
G. Brinkworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

scholarly journals Intermittent Fasting and Fat Mass: What Is the Clinical Magnitude?

Obesities ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Heitor O. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

Clinical studies addressing the benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) diets have evoked interest in the treatment of obesity. Herein, the overall effects of IF regimens on fat-mass loss are explained in a brief review through a recent literature update. To date, human studies show a reduction in fat mass from 0.7 to 11.3 kg after IF regimens, in which the duration of interventions ranges from two weeks to one year. In light of this, IF regimens can be considered a reasonable approach to weight (fat mass) loss. However, the benefits of IF regimens occur thanks to energy restriction and cannot hence be considered the best dietary protocol compared to conventional diets.

Abstract 17361: How Leptin Harms the Heart in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle and excessive calorie intake are risk factors for CVD. We have demonstrated the cardioprotective effect of exercise in aged mice and the critical role of visceral adiposity and its profibrotic secretome in increasing cardiovascular risks in obesity and aging. The association between exercise, lowered plasma leptin and reduced inflammatory leukocytes has been recently shown in patients with atherosclerosis. It remains unclear whether elevated plasma leptin can preserve or alter cardiovascular function in obesity. Methods: We analyzed the effect of high fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6J male mice on the heart in terms of function, structure, histology and key molecular markers. Two interventions were used: 1) active fat mass loss via exercise (daily swimming) during HFD; 2) passive fat mass loss via surgical removal of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT lipectomy) followed by HFD. Results: HFD increased body weight and adiposity, leading to higher plasma leptin, glucose and insulin levels, compared to control diet (CD) mice. HFD impaired left ventricle (LV) structure (hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis) and cardiac function (echocardiography, in vivo hemodynamics). Atria of HFD mice had enhanced pro-inflammatory protein production. Exercise reduced circulating leptin levels in HFD mice by 50%, in line with fat mass loss. In contrast, lipectomy reduced visceral fat mass, but body weight, adiposity and plasma leptin did not change. Both exercise and VAT lipectomy improved cardiac contractility, reversed collagen deposition and oxidative stress in HFD mice. Both interventions downregulated LV pro-inflammatory markers. We proved the role of leptin in cardiac remodeling in vitro by incubating primary cardiac fibroblasts with hyperleptinemic plasma from HFD mice. Remarkably, plasma from HFD-EX (exercise) suppressed the fibro-proliferative and pro-inflammatory responses of cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusions: Leptin directly contribute to cardiac fibrosis in obesity via activation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Understanding how leptin signals to the heart might have implications in a wide range of CVD, potentially helping early stratification and personalized care.

scholarly journals Restricting Calories on Low-Carbohydrate vs Low-fat Diets for Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1609-1609
Author(s):  
Anthony Basile ◽  
Michael Renner ◽  
Jessica Scillian ◽  
Karen Sweazea
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

Abstract Objectives As the never-ending macronutrient debate for weight loss continues, conflicting evidence persist. Per the carbohydrate-insulin hypothesis, a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) should produce a greater weight/fat loss compared to a low-fat/calorie diet (LF) by releasing less of the anabolic hormone insulin. However, from a ‘calories in, calories out’ perspective, does restricting calories on a LC diet produce a greater weight/fat loss compared to a LF diet? Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of LC vs LF trials for weight loss was conducted and data were collected from 53 studies. Weight loss data were converted to kcals (1 kg = 3500 kcals) and a ratio was produced for each individual diet (ID-Ratio: weight loss in kcals/restricted dietary kcals) where a ratio of 1 indicates that one dietary kcal restriction equals one kcal of weight loss. Next, to compare the two diets, a comparison ratio (DC-Ratio: LC ID-Ration/LF ID-Ratio) was produced where a ratio greater than 1 indicates greater weight loss per dietary calorie restricted with LC diet. These calculations were repeated for body fat loss for full duration (n = 30 trials) and time of greatest weight loss (TGWL; Weight Loss: n = 19 trials; Fat Mass Loss: n = 4 trials). Results LC diets produced a greater weight loss (Full Duration: 6.10 kg vs 4.86 kg; n = 53 trials; P = 0.024; TGWL: 6.29 kg vs 4.34 kg; n = 19 trials; P = 0.024), however no difference was found for the amount of restricted calories or fat mass loss for either duration. No difference was found for the LC and LF ID-Ratios for weight or fat mass loss for either duration. The mean weight loss DC-Ratio was greater than 1 (Full Duration Mean: 1.61, SD: 1.71, n = 53 studies, P = 0.004; TGWL Mean: 1.74, SD: 1.0, n = 19 trails, P = 0.010) indicating a greater weight loss per calorie restricted with a LC diet. However, the fat loss DC-Ratio was not different from 1 (Full Duration Mean: 1.74, SD: 1.09, n = 30 trials, P = 0.552; TGWL Mean: 1.25, SD: 0.53, n = 4 trials, P = 0.428). Conclusions From a ‘calories in, calories out’ perspective, restricting calories on a LC diet produced a greater weight loss for the full duration of the trails and at the time of greatest weight loss compared to a LF diet. As no effect was seen on LC diets and fat mass loss, these results do not support the carbohydrate-insulin hypothesis of obesity. Funding Sources School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University.

scholarly journals Fat Mass Loss Predicts Gain in Physical Function With Intentional Weight Loss in Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Beavers ◽  
M. E. Miller ◽  
W. J. Rejeski ◽  
B. J. Nicklas ◽  
S. B. Kritchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

scholarly journals Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fat mass loss in female very low-calcium consumers: potential link with a calcium-specific appetite control

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève C. Major ◽  
Francine P. Alarie ◽  
Jean Doré ◽  
Angelo Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to compare the effect of a 15-week weight-reducing programme ( − 2900 kJ/d) coupled with a calcium plus vitamin D (calcium+D) supplementation (600 mg elemental calcium and 5 μg vitamin D, consumed twice a day) or with a placebo, on body fat and on spontaneous energy/macronutrient intake. Sixty-three overweight or obese women (mean age 43 years, mean BMI 32 kg/m2) reporting a daily calcium intake < 800 mg participated in present study. Anthropometric variables, resting energy expenditure and spontaneous energy intake were measured before and after the 15-week programme. The calcium+D supplementation induced no statistically significant increase in fat mass loss in response to the programme. However, when analyses were limited to very low-calcium consumers only (initial calcium intake ≤ 600 mg/d,n7 for calcium+D,n6 for placebo), a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass (P < 0·01) and in spontaneous dietary lipid intake (P < 0·05) was observed in the calcium+D but not in the placebo group. In very low-calcium consumers, change in fat mass was positively correlated with change in lipid intake. During the weight-reducing programme, a calcium+D supplementation was necessary in female overweight/obese very low-calcium consumers to reach significant fat mass loss that seemed to be partly explained by a decrease in lipid intake. We propose that this change in lipid intake could be influenced by a calcium-specific appetite control.

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