Potential protective effects of the edible alga Arthrospira platensis against lead-induced oxidative stress, anemia, kidney injury, and histopathological changes in adult rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Gargouri ◽  
Ahlem Soussi ◽  
Amel Akrouti ◽  
Christian Magné ◽  
Abdelfattah El Feki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content

Oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity. This study investigated the possible protective effect of dietary Arthrospira platensis supplementation against lead acetate-induced kidney injury in adult male rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups: normal rats (control rats), rats treated with spirulina, rats treated with lead (Pb) (0.344 g/kg body weight), and rats treated with Pb and spirulina. The exposure of rats to Pb for 30 days provoked renal damage with significant increases in hematological parameters, oxidative stress-related parameters (i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl content, advanced oxidation protein products, and hydrogen peroxide), creatinine and urea levels in plasma, and uric acid level in urine. Conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and levels of nonprotein thiols, plasma uric acid, and urinary creatinine and urea decreased. The administration of spirulina to Pb-treated rats significantly improved weight, peripheral blood parameters, oxidative stress-related parameters, renal biomarker levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, rats treated with Pb and spirulina had normal kidney histology. These healing effects are likely the result of the high phenol content and significant antioxidant capacity of A. platensis. Our data strongly suggest that spirulina supplementation improves kidney function and plays an important role in the prevention of complications of Pb intoxication.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and other risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana Mališ Mališ ◽  
Ana Savić Radojević ◽  
Marijana Kovačević ◽  
Olivera Čančar ◽  
Dragana Pavlović Pavlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Patient Age

Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine whether biomarkersof oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities are among other riskfactors for diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods. The study involved 70 patients with type 2 diabetes (37 males,aged 41 to 81 years) allocated to two groups: one of 32 patients with DNand the other of 38 patients without DN. In the study of oxidative stress 15healthy persons were included. All examined patients were interviewed andunderwent objective examination. Their serum and urine samples were analyzedin order to estimate the quality of glycoregulation and kidney function.Protein thiol groups (P-SH), antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxidedismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] were determined inplasma spectrophotometrically and malondialdehyde-adducts (MDA) byenzyme immunoassay.Results. No significant differences were found between the two groupsfor demographic characteristics, duration and treatment of diabetes, bloodpressure, fasting glucose level and HbA1c. Patients with DN had a higherbody mass index, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) andhigher albuminuria and proteinuria. Plasma activity of GPX and SOD as wellas levels of MDA adducts and P-SH groups were similar in patients with andwithout DN, but GPX and SOD plasma activities were significantly lower andplasma level of MDA significantly higher in all patients than in healthy controls.Patient gender, age, BMI, HbA1c and plasma level of P-SH and MDAwere selected as significant predictors of DN. Patient age, duration of diabetes,serum phosphorus, uric acid levels and plasma SOD activity were negativelyassociated with eGFR. Patient age, serum levels of protein and albuminand plasma GPX activity were negatively, while systolic BP, serum levelsof uric acid and cholesterol were positively associated with proteinuria.Conclusion. Biomarkers of oxidative protein and lipid damage were selectedas risk factors for DN, besides several other well known risk factors.

scholarly journals Consumption of Anacardium occidentale L. (Cashew Nuts) Inhibits Oxidative Stress through Modulation of the Nrf2/HO−1 and NF-kB Pathways

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4426
Author(s):  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
Marika Cordaro ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
Alessio Filippo Peritore ◽  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity

Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a severe disorder associated with a high mortality. Several antioxidant and pharmacological properties of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and its metabolites from different countries have recently been described. It is a medicinal plant with important therapeutic effects. This study aimed to verify the effect of an oral administration of cashew nuts in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Adult male rats were subjected to intestinal I/R injury by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min and then allowing animals to 1 h of reperfusion. Rats subjected to I/R of the gut showed a significant increase in different biochemical markers. In particular, we evaluated lipid peroxidation, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, protein carbonyl content, reactive oxygen species generation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Western blot analysis showed the activation of the NRF2 and NF-kB pathways. Increased immunoreactivity to nitrotyrosine, PARP, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 was observed in the ileum of rats subjected to I/R. Administration of cashew nuts (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the mortality rate, the fall in arterial blood pressure, and oxidative stress and restored the antioxidant enzyme activities by a mechanism involving both NRF2 and NF-kB pathways. Cashew nuts treatments reduced cytokines plasma levels, nitrotyrosine, and PARP expression as well as adhesion molecules expressions. Additionally, cashew nuts decreased the intestinal barrier dysfunction and mucosal damage, the translocation of toxins and bacteria, which leads to systemic inflammation and associated organs injuries in particular of liver and kidney. Our study demonstrates that cashew nuts administration exerts antioxidant and pharmacological protective effects in superior mesenteric artery occlusion–reperfusion shock.

scholarly journals Effects of butylparaben on antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological changes in rat tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Duygu Aydemir ◽  
Burcu Öztaşcı ◽  
Nurhayat Barlas ◽  
Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Histopathological Changes

AbstractButyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as butylparaben (BP), is one of the most common parabens absorbed by the skin and gastrointestinal tract and metabolised in the liver and kidney. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have raised concern that BP causes reproductive, development, and teratogenic toxicity. However, BP-induced oxidative stress and its relation to tissue damage has not been widely investigated before. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on enzyme activities related to the pentose phosphate pathway and on glutathione-dependent enzymes such as glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in kidney, liver, brain, and testis tissues. Male rats were randomly divided into four groups to orally receive corn oil (control) or 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg/day of BP for 14 days. Then we measured G6PD, GR, GST, 6-PGD, and GPx enzyme activities in these tissues and studied histopathological changes. BP treatment caused imbalance in antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue damage in the liver, kidney, brain, and testis. These findings are the first to show the degenerative role of BP on the cellular level. The observed impairment of equivalent homeostasis and antioxidant defence points to oxidative stress as a mechanism behind tissue damage caused by BP.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and selenocompounds inhibit 3,5-dimethylaminophenol toxicity to human urothelial cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Erkekoglu ◽  
Ming-Wei Chao ◽  
Chia-Yi Tseng ◽  
Bevin P. Engelward ◽  
Ozge Kose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Stress Changes

AbstractExposure to alkyl anilines may lead to bladder cancer, which is the second most frequent cancer of the urogenital tract. 3,5-dimethylaniline is highly used in industry. Studies on its primary metabolite 3,5-dimethylaminophenol (3,5-DMAP) showed that this compound causes oxidative stress, changes antioxidant enzyme activities, and leads to death of different mammalian cells. However, there is no in vitro study to show the direct effects of 3,5-DMAP on human bladder and urothelial cells. Selenocompounds are suggested to decrease oxidative stress caused by some chemicals, and selenium supplementation was shown to reduce the risk of bladder cancer. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether selenocompounds organic selenomethionine (SM, 10 µmol/L) or inorganic sodium selenite (SS, 30 nmol/L) could reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in UROtsa cells exposed to 3,5-DMAP. 3,5-DMAP caused a dose-dependent increase in intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, and its dose of 50 µmol/L caused lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in different cellular fractions. The comet assay also showed single-strand DNA breaks induced by the 3,5-DMAP dose of 50 µmol/L, but no changes in double-strand DNA breaks. Apoptosis was also triggered. Both selenocompounds provided partial protection against the cellular toxicity of 3,5-DMAP. Low selenium status along with exposure to alkyl anilines can be a major factor in the development of bladder cancer. More mechanistic studies are needed to specify the role of selenium in bladder cancer.

Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in human breast cancer

1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Punnonen ◽  
M. Ahotupa ◽  
K. Asaishi ◽  
M. Hy�ty ◽  
R. Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Effects of α-Tocopherol and Mixed Tocopherol Supplementation on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason HY Wu ◽  
Natalie C Ward ◽  
Adeline P Indrawan ◽  
Coral-Ann Almeida ◽  
Jonathan M Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Vitamin E isomers may protect against atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementation with either α-tocopherol (αT) or mixed tocopherols rich in γ-tocopherol (γT) on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 55 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive (500 mg/day) (a) αT, (b) mixed tocopherols, or (c) placebo for 6 weeks. Cellular tocopherols, plasma and urine F2-isoprostanes, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma inflammatory markers, and ex vivo assessment of eicosanoid synthesis were analyzed pre- and postsupplementation. Results: Neutrophil αT and γT increased (both P <0.001) with mixed tocopherol supplementation, whereas αT (P <0.001) increased and γT decreased (P <0.005) after αT supplementation. Both αT and mixed tocopherol supplementation resulted in reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes (P <0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) but did not affect 24-h urinary F2-isoprostanes or erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. Neither αT nor mixed tocopherol supplementation affected plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Stimulated neutrophil leukotriene B4 production decreased significantly in the mixed tocopherol group (P = 0.02) but not in the αT group (P = 0.15). Conclusions: The ability of tocopherols to reduce systemic oxidative stress suggests potential benefits of vitamin E supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes. In populations with well-controlled type 2 diabetes, supplementation with either αT or mixed tocopherols rich in γT is unlikely to confer further benefits in reducing inflammation.

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