scholarly journals Increased carbohydrate availability effects energy and nutrient periodisation of professional male athletes from the Australian Football League

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna S. Salagaras ◽  
Kristen L. MacKenzie-Shalders ◽  
Gary John Slater ◽  
Chris McLellan ◽  
Vernon G. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Carbohydrate Availability ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Access To Food

This research aims to explore the effect of increased carbohydrate availability intervention on energy intake and distribution in professional Australian Football athletes. Six 24-h energy and macronutrient intakes were quantified (n= 19 males; age 24 ±4 y, stature 187 ±8 cm, mass 87 ±9 kg) using photographic food diaries and Foodworks analyses. Energy expenditure was estimated for the same period using GeneActiv accelerometers. During three control days, athletes had ad libitum access to food, while the three intervention days increased carbohydrate availability, through greater prompting and access to carbohydrate foods. Daily energy intake was higher during intervention (185 ±40 kJ/kg/d) compared with control (172 ±31 kJ/kg/d; p<0.05) but remained below estimated expenditure, and carbohydrate intake was also greater with intervention (5.0 ±0.2 g/kg/d) than control (4.0 ±0.2 g/kg/d; p<0.05). Expenditure was highest during the morning which coincided with lowest intake on all days, while the intervention was associated with greater carbohydrate intake in the morning (0.6 g/kg, p< 0.05) compared with control. Increasing availability of carbohydrate during high-load training generated a modest increase in carbohydrate and energy intake, and the intervention was most effective in improving carbohydrate intake during mornings. Novelty Bullets • Increased access and provision of carbohydrate foods increased carbohydrate consumption and energy intake on high training load days. • Daily distribution of energy intake can be modified through actively promoting carbohydrate consumption.

scholarly journals Nutritional Adaptations in Elite Soccer Referees: First Evidence and Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lore Metz ◽  
Thomas Deleuze ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
David Thivel
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Analogue Scales

AbstractAlthough the physiological cost of refereeing has been already studied in the literature, especially in soccer umpires, it remains unknown whether referees spontaneously adapt their energy intake during game days. Six national soccer referees completed 24-hour dietary recalls (assisted by the SU.VI.MAX copybook) during a control day (CON) and a day with a game (GAME). The stress level and hunger feelings were assessed using visual analogue scales. Total energy intake, energy derived from macronutrients and energy intake at each meal were analyzed using the Bilnuts nutrition software. Total daily energy intake was not significantly different between conditions (CON: 2270 ± 535 vs. GAME: 2782 ± 293). Energy derived from fat and protein was not different between conditions but the participants ingested more calories derived from carbohydrates during the GAME day (45.5 ± 5.9% vs. 54.9 ± 5.5%, respectively, p<0.05). The calories ingested during snacking were significantly increased during GAME compared with CON (p<0.05). The stress level was significantly higher during GAME and especially before the breakfast, lunch and snack (p<0.05). Hunger feeling was not different between conditions. Referring leads to nutritional adaptations in elite soccer umpires, who tend to increase their energy intake mainly during snacking, by increasing their carbohydrate consumption.

Pre- and Postgame Macronutrient Intake of a Group of Elite Australian Football Players

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peter Schokman ◽  
Ingrid H.E. Rutishauser ◽  
Roger J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Australian Football

This study describes pre- and postcompetition mean energy and macronutrient intakes of 40 elite Australian Football players. Carbohydrate intake, expressed both as a percentage of total energy intake (En %) and as grams per kilogram of body mass (g/kg BM), was significantly less (51.7% En and 4.8 g/kg BM, p < . 001) than minimum recommendations for endurance athletes (60% En and 6 g/kg BM). Pregame carbohydrate intake (53.6% En) was significantly greater (p < .01) than postgame (49.7% En). However, expressed as g/kg BM, pre- and postgame macronutrient intakes did not differ significantly. Protein and fat intakes (as g/kg BM) fell within guidelines, whereas energy intake (13.2 MJ/ day or 153.8 kJ/kg BM) was lower than expected. Results suggest that for athletes engaging in endurance team sports where body mass and energy requirements vary considerably, carbohydrate recommendations are more appropriately expressed as g/kg BM rather than En %.

Athlete-to-Athlete Verbal Aggression: A Case Study of Interpersonal Communication Among Elite Australian Footballers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Kerr ◽  
Pippa Grange
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Interview Transcript

This case study examined interpersonal communication in sport in the form of verbal aggression among elite athletes in the Australian Football League (AFL). It focused on the experience and motivation of athletes who use athlete-to-athlete verbal aggression and the responses of athletes who have been the targets of verbal aggression during games. In addition, the reasons athletes have for not engaging in verbal aggression were also examined. Purposive sampling procedures produced a select sample of elite male athletes known for their aggressive approach to playing Australian football. Qualitative methods and deductive analysis procedures, informed by J.H. Kerr’s categories of sport aggression, were used to interpret the interview data. Meaningful insights into verbal aggression in the AFL were obtained. Based on the underlying motivation, interview transcript descriptions of incidents were identified as examples of power, thrill, and anger verbal aggression.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term intervention with low- and high-glycaemic-index breakfasts on food intake in children aged 8–11 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jeya K. Henry ◽  
Helen J. Lightowler ◽  
Caroline M. Strik
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term intervention of low-glycaemic-index (GI) v. high-GI breakfasts on energy and macronutrient intakes in children aged 8–11 years. Preadolescent children were assigned to one of two groups in a random cross-over design. Each group was given low-GI and high-GI breakfasts on two non-consecutive days per week for 10 weeks per breakfast type. Each breakfast provided approximately 1273 kJ (300 kcal) and was closely matched for macronutrient and dietary fibre content. Subsequent food intake at an ad libitum buffet lunch was recorded and daily energy and macronutrient intakes were measured by 24 h recall and 3 d food diaries. There was a tendency towards a reduced energy intake at lunch following the low-GI breakfast compared with the high-GI breakfast, although the mean difference of 75 kJ (18 kcal) was not significant (P = 0·406). In particular, there was a trend towards a reduced energy intake in the low-GI arm compared with the high-GI arm among boys. In addition, data from the 3 d food diaries showed that there was a tendency towards a reduced energy intake during the low-GI compared with the high-GI study period. In conclusion, although the difference in energy intake following the low-GI and high-GI breakfasts was not statistically significant, the reduced energy intake following the low-GI breakfast is encouraging. Both dietary fibre and carbohydrate type may affect GI, thus their potential and relative modulating effect on appetite requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Eating Patterns and Meal Frequency of Elite Australian Athletes

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Gary Slater ◽  
Elizabeth M. Broad ◽  
Jasmina Haukka ◽  
Sofie Modulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Standardized Terminology ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
Moderate Relationship

We undertook a dietary survey of 167 Australian Olympic team athletes (80 females and 87 males) competing in endurance sports (n = 41), team sports (n = 31), sprint- or skill-based sports (n = 67), and sports in which athletes are weight-conscious (n = 28). Analysis of their 7-day food diaries provided mean energy intakes, nutrient intakes, and eating patterns. Higher energy intakes relative to body mass were reported by male athletes compared with females, and by endurance athletes compared with other athletes. Endurance athletes reported substantially higher intakes of carbohydrate (CHO) than other athletes, and were among the athletes most likely to consume CHO during and after training sessions. Athletes undertaking weight-conscious sports reported relatively low energy intakes and were least likely to consume CHO during a training session or in the first hour of recovery. On average, athletes reported eating on ~5 separate occasions each day, with a moderate relationship between the number of daily eating occasions and total energy intake. Snacks, defined as food or drink consumed between main meals, provided 23% of daily energy intake and were chosen from sources higher in CHO and lower in fat and protein than foods chosen at meals. The dietary behaviors of these elite athletes were generally consistent with guidelines for sports nutrition, but intakes during and after training sessions were often sub-optimal. Although it is of interest to study the periodicity of fluid and food intake by athletes, it is difficult to compare across studies due to a lack of standardized terminology.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Daily Energy Intake vs. Expenditure Using the GeneActiv Accelerometer in Elite Australian Football Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Brie S. Salagaras ◽  
Kristen L. Mackenzie-Shalders ◽  
Maximillian J. Nelson ◽  
Francois Fraysse ◽  
Thomas P. Wycherley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Australian Football

scholarly journals A Qualitative Investigation of Factors Influencing the Dietary Intakes of Professional Australian Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4205
Author(s):  
Sarah Jenner ◽  
Regina Belski ◽  
Brooke Devlin ◽  
Aaron Coutts ◽  
Thomas Kempton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Australian Football

(1) Background: Many professional Australian Football (AF) players do not meet recommended sports nutrition guidelines despite having access to nutrition advice. There are a range of factors that can influence players′ ability to meet their nutrition goals and awareness of the barriers players face is essential to ensure that dietary advice translates into practice. Therefore, this qualitative research study aimed to explore the factors influencing AF players’ dietary intakes and food choice. (2) Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve professional male AF players. (3) Results: Less experienced players restricted their carbohydrate intake to meet body composition goals, particularly during preseason and surrounding body composition assessment. During the competition season players had a greater focus on performance and placed more emphasis on carbohydrate intake in the lead up to matches. Players felt nutrition goals were easier to achieve when dietary choices were supported by their families and peers. One-on-one consultations provided by a sports dietitian were players′ preferred mode of nutrition intervention. Individualized nutrition advice is required for less experienced AF players who may be vulnerable to unsustainable dietary habits. Experienced AF players can support junior teammates by promoting positive team culture related to body composition, nutrition and performance.

Classifying player positions in second-tier Australian football competitions using technical skill indicators

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110102
Author(s):  
Adrian J Barake ◽  
Heather Mitchell ◽  
Constantino Stavros ◽  
Mark F Stewart ◽  
Preety Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Positional Information ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
Player Positions

Efficient recruitment to Australia’s most popular professional sporting competition, the Australian Football League (AFL), requires evaluators to assess athlete performances in many lower tier leagues that serve as pathways. These competitions and their games are frequent, widespread, and challenging to track. Therefore, independent, and reliable player performance statistics from these leagues are paramount. This data, however, is only meaningful to recruiters from AFL teams if accurate player positions are known, which was not the case for the competitions from which most players were recruited. This paper explains how this problem was recently solved, demonstrating a process of knowledge translation from academia to industry, that bridged an important gap between sports science, coaching and recruiting. Positional information which is only available from the AFL competition was used to benchmark and develop scientific classification methods using only predictor variables that are also measured in lower tier competitions. Specifically, a Multinomial Logistic model was constructed to allocate players into four primary positions, followed by a Binary Logit model for further refinement. This novel technique of using more complete data from top tier competitions to help fill informational deficiencies in lower leagues could be extended to other sports that face similar issues.

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