Fluctuations in the inorganic constituents of inner bark of loblolly pine with season and soil series

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. White ◽  
L. T. Alexander ◽  
E. W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

The concentrations of K, Ca, N, Mg, P, Al, Mn, Na, Zn, Fe, Cu, ash, and H2O in the inner bark of mature loblolly pines growing on three soil series were determined over a 1-year period. Concentrations of ash, H2O, Ca, Al, Mn, and Fe differed significantly among the trees on the three soil types. Most elements reached maximum concentrations in the fall and minimum concentrations in the spring. Ash, H2O, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Fe showed significant seasonal fluctuations. Because spring is a period of rapid transitions, late summer seems the most stable period in which to sample tissues from inner bark.

Variations in the inorganic composition of inner bark and needles of loblolly pine with tree height and soil series

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. White ◽  
Carol G. Wells ◽  
Edgar W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Inorganic Composition

A survey was made of the concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu in inner bark and needles of loblolly pines and the soils in which they grew. Concentrations of K, Al, and Mn in inner bark differed significantly with plots on four soils. However, needle samples seemed to reflect differences in the nutrient status of the soil more readily. Concentrations of N, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, and Zn in inner bark showed statistically significant variation with height of sample on the trunk. Correlations between concentrations of N, K, Ca, Al, and Mn in inner bark and needles on the same tree were significant.

scholarly journals Survival of Longleaf and Loblolly Pines Planted at Two Spacings in an East Texas Bahiagrass Silvopasture

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Kenneth W. Farrish ◽  
Micah-John Beierle
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract The practice of combining intensive timber and forage production on the same site, a silvopasture system, offers landowners the potential for diversification of income. The establishment of such a system in a pasture setting offers unique challenges compared with traditional timber or forage systems. In 2003, a silvopasture demonstration was established south of Carthage, Texas, in a pasture dominated by bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Four replications of treatments composed of open pasture, longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (Pinus taeda) pine planted at a traditional spacing, and longleaf and loblolly pine planted at a silvopasture spacing were established. Due to high mortality rates, replanting of trees occurred in 2004 and 2005. Third-year seedling survival was highest for loblolly pine in both planting systems, and forage production levels did not significantly differ among treatments. Wild hog damage contributed to the low longleaf pine seedling survival rates.

Wound response of loblolly and shortleaf pine attacked or reattacked by Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) or its fungal associate, Ceratocystisminor (Hedgecock) Hunt

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Monoterpene Composition ◽  
Fungal Associate

Loblolly, Pinustaeda L., and shortleaf, Pinusechinata Mill., pines respond to attack by the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimmermann, or invasion by the SPB fungal associate, Ceratocystisminor (Hedgecock) Hunt, by forming a necrotic lesion around the wound site. This response was compared between trees that had no known prior experience with SPB or C. minor (naive trees) and trees that had been exposed to SPB or C. minor the previous year (experienced trees). No significant differences were observed in the average length of the lesions between experienced and naive trees in either pine species. However, the experienced loblolly pines had higher concentrations of inner bark monoterpenes than did the naive loblolly pines and the experienced shortleaf pines had a significantly different inner bark monoterpene composition compared with naive shortleaf pines during the June sample period. The monoterpene composition in unwounded tissue of experienced shortleaf pine closely resembled the observed monoterpene composition of lesion tissue at this time. The observed differences in inner bark monoterpenes following fungal or beetle exposure could render the trees less susceptible to later bark beetle attack for a period of time following the initial exposure.

Response of Newly Planted Loblolly Pines to Herbicide and Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McKee ◽  
Larry P. Wilhite
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract In three separate studies on the Lower Atlantic Coastal Plain, sites were sheared, root-raked, and bedded, and phosphorus was applied. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were planted, and nitrogen fertilizer and preemergence herbicide were applied at several different times. In all three studies, loblolly pine responded positively in height, diameter, and aboveground biomass to herbicide applied in the spring following planting. Responses to nitrogen application were inconsistent. A pronounced increase in growth was found in only one study. There, a nitrogen and a herbicide treatment interacted to give a three-fold increase in aboveground seedling biomass after one growing season. The lack of response to nitrogen in the other two studies may be attributable to low rainfall in the spring after planting and mineralization of native nitrogen from soil organic matter. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):33-36.

scholarly journals A Tree Quality Scoring System for Immature Loblolly Pine

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Keith L. Belli ◽  
Samuel B. Land ◽  
Howard W. Duzan
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Computer Algorithm ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Tree Quality

Abstract A tree quality scoring system was developed for immature loblolly pines to simulate the subjective quality tree grades determined by experienced industrial foresters. The system was designed to be used either in the office via a computer algorithm, or in the field via a dichotomous key. Results showed that both computer and field key performed well in terms of precision, although the key was susceptible to a higher degree of user bias. Both methods produced consistent, or repeatable, results. The scoring system should be useful for precommercial thinning decisions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(1):24-27.

scholarly journals Impact of Spring Sawfly Defoliation on Growth of Loblolly Pine Stands

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Zeide ◽  
Lynne C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neodiprion Taedae Linearis ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Moderate Stress ◽  
Actual Loss

Abstract To estimate the impact of a single spring defoliation by loblolly pine sawfly (Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross), diameters of 3,006 loblolly pines from five locations in southeastern Arkansas were measured immediately after defoliation and two more times at 1-year intervals.The proportion of defoliation was assessed at each measurement. An insecticide was used in an attempt to prevent defoliation in subsequent years. Because tree growth depends on many factors, a multivariate multiple regression model was used to separate these effects. The model predicts thata single defoliation reduces annual diameter and volume increment by 17.4, 8.4, and 2.8% for the first, second, and third years after defoliation, respectively (the actual loss was 18.9 and 8.9% for the first 2 years). It was found that trees defoliated 20–40% actuallygrew faster than undefoliated trees. This response, called overcompensation, is a common reaction of plants to moderate stress. Potential losses from defoliation are greatest in sawtimber-sized stands between the ages of 25 and 35 years. The decision to control sawflies should take into accountstand age and time to final harvest. South. J. Appl. For. 29(1):33–39.

Inoculation of Nursery Seedbeds with Pisolithus Tinctorius Spores Mixed with Hydromulch Increases Ectomycorrhizae and Growth of Loblolly Pines

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
John G. Mexal ◽  
William G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract Different methods of introducing basidiospores (4/5 oz. spores/100 linear ft. of nursery bed) of Pisolithus tinctorius into fumigated soil at Weyerhaeuser's nursery in Oklahoma were tested to determine their effectiveness in forming ectomycorrhizae on loblolly pine seedlings. Two of five methods proved significantly effective. Nearly three-fourths of seedlings treated with spores mixed in hydromulch and applied after sowing formed Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae. The result was 25 percent larger seedlings and 15 percent fewer culls. In plots where spores were dusted onto the soil at sowing, one-third of the seedlings formed Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae, resulting in 12 percent larger seedlings and 13 percent fewer culls.

Spatial patterns and seasonal fluctuations of intertidal macroalgal assemblages from Tarifa Island, southern Spain: relationship with associated Crustacea

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Guerra-García ◽  
M. Pilar Cabezas ◽  
Elena Baeza-Rojano ◽  
J. Carlos García-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ulva Rigida ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
Valonia Utricularis ◽  
Fucus Spiralis ◽  
Chaetomorpha Aerea

The dominant intertidal algal species from Tarifa Island, Strait of Gibraltar, together with the associated peracarid crustacean community, were studied over a two-year period (December 2005–December 2007). Gelidium corneum and Gymnogongrus patens were dominant at the lower levels, close to the subtidal. Valonia utricularis, Osmundea pinnatifida, a turf of Caulacanthus ustulatus and Gelidium spp., Corallina elongata and Jania rubens were distributed in intermediate levels, while Ulva rigida, Chaetomorpha aerea and Fucus spiralis were collected from upper levels. The main intertidal seaweeds of Tarifa Island showed a perennial behaviour, but maximum values of biomass were registered during late spring and beginning of summer for most of species while the highest seawater temperatures were measured in late summer and beginning of autumn. Corallina elongata and Jania rubens, the dominant species which shared a niche at platforms of intermediate levels, showed an opposite behaviour, probably to avoid competence: C. elongata showed higher biomass in April–June and lower values in August–October–December, while biomass of J. rubens was higher in December–February and lower in April–August. Associated crustaceans, including mainly amphipods (gammarids and caprellids) were also present throughout the whole year with similar seasonality to seaweeds. However, crustacean density in the intertidal was not only influenced by distribution of algae as substrate, but also by external factors, such as hydrodynamism, oxygen, weather conditions, competition or predation. The present study constitutes the first baseline study dealing with seasonal fluctuations of algae and associated crustaceans in a protected area of the Strait of Gibraltar, an important biogeographical zone between Europe and Africa and the Mediterranean and Atlantic.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Leptographium Species Associated with Loblolly Pine Decline

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Eckhardt ◽  
J. P. Jones ◽  
K. D. Klepzig
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pine Decline ◽  
Old Trees

Freshly lifted seedlings and 21-year-old trees of loblolly pine were wound-inoculated with Leptographium species recovered from the soil and/or roots of trees with loblolly decline symptoms in central Alabama. Seedlings inoculated with L. procerum in the greenhouse produced significantly fewer root initials and a smaller root mass than control seedlings. Vertical lesions produced in seedlings by L. serpens and L. terebrantis were significantly longer than in controls. Lesions produced in mature trees by L. serpens and L. lundbergii were significantly longer than in controls. Of the fungi tested, L. serpens, L. terebrantis, and L. lundbergii were the most aggressive and may pose the greatest threat to loblolly pines.

Monoterpene composition and fusiform rust resistance in slash and loblolly pines

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Michelozzi ◽  
T.L. White ◽  
A.E. Squillace ◽  
W.J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

Monoterpene composition of cortical tissue was analyzed in slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) clones with known breeding values for fusiform rust resistance. Trees having a relatively high content of β-phellandrene tend to be more resistant than trees with a low β-phellandrene content. Such results confirm previous data and suggest the utilization of β-phellandrene content as an aid in selecting relatively rust resistant slash and loblolly pines.

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