scholarly journals Identifying plant species using architectural features in leaf microscopy images

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Joao Batista Florindo ◽  
Odemir Martinez Bruno ◽  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto ◽  
Rosana Marta Kolb ◽  
Maria Cecilia Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Brazilian Flora ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Classical Shape

This work proposes an analytical method to identify plant species based on microscopy images of the midrib cross-section of leaves. Unlike previous shape-based approaches based on the individual shape of external contours and cells, an architectural analysis is proposed, where the midrib is semi-automatically segmented and partitioned into histologically relevant structures composed of layers of cells and vascular structures. Using a sequence of morphological operations, a set of geometrical measures from the cells in each layer is extracted to produce a vector of features for species categorization. The method applied to a database containing 10 species of plants from the Brazilian flora achieved a success rate of 91.7%, outperforming other classical shape-based approaches published in the literature.

scholarly journals The Chosen Aspects of Skew Rolling of Hollow Stepped Shafts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Jarosław Bartnicki ◽  
Yingxiang Xia ◽  
Xuedao Shu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Skew Rolling

The paper presents chosen aspects of the skew rolling process of hollow stepped products with the use of a skew rolling mill designed and manufactured at the Lublin University of Technology. This machine is characterized by the numerical control of spacing between the working rolls and the sequence of the gripper axial movement, which allows for the individual programming of the obtained shapes of parts such as stepped axles and shafts. The length of these zones and the values of possibly realizable cross-section reduction and obtained outlines are the subject of this research paper. The chosen results regarding the influence of the technological parameters used on the course of the process are shown in the present study. Numerical modelling using the finite element method in Simufact Forming, as well as the results of experimental tests performed in a skew rolling mill, were applied in the conducted research. The work takes into account the influence of cross-section reduction of the hollow parts and the feed rate per rotation on the metal flow mechanisms in the skew rolling process. The presented results concern the obtained dimensional deviations and changes in the wall thickness determining the proper choice of technological parameters for hollow parts formed by the skew rolling method. Knowledge about the cause of the occurrence of these limitations is very important for the development of this technology and the choice of the process parameters.

The Study of Chinese Political Culture

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Scholarly Publication ◽  
Communist China ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chinese Political Culture

These seven recent works typify a cross section of scholarly publication on the Chinese People's Republic, its history, present operation, and prospects. Taken together, they provide the basis for some remarks on the study of Chinese “political culture.” Rather than attempt a full review of the individual works, this brief article will examine some of their assumptions and indirectly comment on the literature they represent. Each book reflects a prodigious scholarly effort and has received in various other journals a complete appraisal of its intellectual value. In general it may be fairly said that these volumes do not constitute significant breakthroughs of knowledge. They do, however, bring together and analyze important bodies of data on Communist China.

scholarly journals STANDARD MODEL HIGGS COMBINED RESULT FROM CDF

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (supp01b) ◽  
pp. 825-827
Author(s):  
◽  
JOÃO GUIMARÃES DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Z Boson ◽  
Decay Channel ◽  
Vector Boson ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross Section Limit

The Tevatron is expected to be most sensitive to the Standard Model Higgs in its associated production with a W or Z boson. The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) has performed individual searches for such production in each decay channel of the vector boson, assuming that the Higgs decays to [Formula: see text]. These searches use data collected by CDF during the 1992-95 run. The individual results are reviewed, and a combined cross section limit is presented.

MEASUREMENT OF POLARIZED QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS AT HERMES

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (08) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192
Author(s):  
◽  
STEFAN BERNREUTHER
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Kinematic Range ◽  
Spin Asymmetries ◽  
Double Spin ◽  
Hermes Experiment ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
Up Quark ◽  
Rich Detector ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quark Flavors

The HERMES experiment has measured double spin asymmetries in the cross section for deep–inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarized positrons on longitudinally polarized 3 He (1995), 1 H (1996/97), and 2 D (1998) targets. A kinematic range of 0.023 < x < 0.6, and 1 GeV 2 < Q2 < 15 GeV 2 has been covered. From these asymmetries, based on inclusive and semi–inclusive measurements, polarized quark distributions are extracted as a function of x for up [Formula: see text] and down [Formula: see text] flavors as well as for valence and sea quarks. In the measured range, the up quark polarization is positive while the down quark polarization is negative. The sea quark polarization is compatible with zero. In this analysis all sea quark polarizations have been assumed to be flavor symmetric. Presently HERMES is analyzing a high statistics 2 D data sample taken in 1999-2000. For these data it is possible to identify pions and kaons with a RICH detector which was installed in 1998. This will enable an extraction of the individual sea quark flavors [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] without any symmetry assumptions.

THE ABSORPTION OF HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION, A MONTE CARLO STUDY: II. SPHERICAL GEOMETRY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-663
Author(s):  
N. R. Steenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Spherical Geometry ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Nuclear Radius ◽  
Rigid Spheres ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
The Individual

The absorption of radiation in a spherical obstacle composed of rigid spheres has been studied. The result is the absorption cross section of such an obstacle as a function of the free cross section and the number A of the individual spheres and of packing density. It is found that the usual rare-gas formula represents the cross section adequately. The analysis is applied to nuclear data for the absorption of 25-Bev/c protons by nuclei. It is found that for a nuclear radius R = r0A1/3 + δ, where δ is the radius of the nucleon, r0 = 1.17 fermi, δ = 1.05 fermi, and an average nucleon transparency a2 = 0.30 is consistent with the data.

Travel and Travelers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Medieval Literature ◽  
Canterbury Tales ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
China And India ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
English Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Village

There is a common belief that medieval men and women lived their lives within a narrow geographical and psychological space, the village and the neighboring fields for the most part. According to this opinion, it was not until the Renaissance and the voyages of Columbus and those who followed him that Europeans became aware of the wider world around them and shed the blinders that had constrained them for centuries. What makes this opinion so at odds with medieval reality is that one of the most famous and widely read pieces of medieval literature, Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, deals with the travels of a group of medieval Christians who range from a crusading knight to farm laborers, individuals representing a cross section of the middling levels of 14th-century English society. Merchants, crusaders, missionaries, pilgrims, exiles, and others motivated by simple restless curiosity traveled around Europe, to the edges of the Christian world, and then all the way to China and India and, sailing westward, to North America. Travel and travel imagery also played an important role in Christian life. The Bible begins with the creation of the world, traces the course of God’s involvement with his people over time, and concludes with the end of the world, the ultimate goal of mankind as defined by the Creator. The life of the individual Christian is a pilgrimage within this context, the movement of the soul to union with God, a microcosm of this larger narrative. It is no coincidence that the most famous work of medieval literature, Dante’s Divine Comedy, was cast as a travel tale.

scholarly journals Segmentation of Total Cell Area in Brightfield Microscopy Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Čepa
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Microscopy Image ◽  
Fluorescence Images ◽  
Microscopy Image Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Channel Image

Segmentation is one of the most important steps in microscopy image analysis. Unfortunately, most of the methods use fluorescence images for this task, which is not suitable for analysis that requires a knowledge of area occupied by cells and an experimental design that does not allow necessary labeling. In this protocol, we present a simple method, based on edge detection and morphological operations, that separates total area occupied by cells from the background using only brightfield channel image. The resulting segmented picture can be further used as a mask for fluorescence quantification and other analyses. The whole procedure is carried out in open source software Fiji.

scholarly journals Investigation of Welds and Heat Affected Zones in Weld Surfacing Steel Plates Taking into Account the Bead Sequence

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5666
Author(s):  
Miloš Mičian ◽  
Jerzy Winczek ◽  
Marek Gucwa ◽  
Radoslav Koňár ◽  
Miloslav Málek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
The Individual

In this paper, the experimental investigation results of the bead sequence input on geometry, structure, and hardness of surfaced layers after multi-pass weld surfacing are analyzed. Three S355 steel plates surfaced by GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) were tested with three different combinations of six beads. The geometric, structural, and hardness analysis was carried out in the cross-section of the plates in the middle of the welded layers. The dimensions of padded layers, fusion and heat-affected zone, as well as the individual padded weld were evaluated. On the basis of metallographic samples, qualitative and quantitative structure analysis was performed. Hardness measurements in surfacing welds and heat-affected zones in the tested cross-sections of the surfacing layers were carried out. A comparative analysis of structure and hardness, taking into account the thermal implications of the bead sequence, allowed for the formulation of conclusions. Comparative studies have shown differences in properties between heat-affected zones (HAZ) for individual surfacing sequences. These differences were mainly in the dimensions of the surfacing layers, the share of structural components, as well as the uniformity of hardness distributions. Finally, the most favorable sequence in terms of structure and hardness distribution, maximum hardness, and range of hardness has been indicated.

Edaphic properties as key drivers for woody species distributions in tropical savannic and forest habitats

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
P. M. S. Rodrigues ◽  
J. O. Silva ◽  
C. E. G. R. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Unimodal Response ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Edaphic Gradients ◽  
Forest Habitats

Edaphic gradients can explain plant species distribution at a local scale in the neotropics and elsewhere, but few studies have evaluated the individual responses of species to such gradients. We collected data on species and soils in open savannic and forest formations (totalling five habitats in each formation), aiming to evaluate the importance of edaphic factors on the distribution of woody plant species in tropical habitats. Logistic regression was used to test the influence of predictor variables (soil texture and fertility) on plant occurrence (presence or absence). Most species (73%) responded to the edaphic gradients. However, the edaphic gradients did not explain the distribution of the remaining 27% of species, which implies the existence of other factors determining their occurrence. Soil fertility (nutritional status) was the major factor in forest habitats (65% of the species which showed significant response), while soil texture was the most explanatory factor for species occurrence in open habitats (55% of the species that showed a significant response). Thus, nutrient status was less limiting and soil texture was more limiting in savannic formations, whereas the opposite was observed for forest formations. Most species showing a relationship with edaphic gradients had a unimodal response, which is in accordance with the literature. Our study showed that soil properties largely regulate the distribution of plant species in tropical habitats, despite other factors not investigated here also having an effect on several of the studied species. Models of species distribution that take into account environmental heterogeneity are key for the elaboration of strategies for the conservation and restoration of ecosystems.

scholarly journals Open Plant Phenotype Database of Common Weeds in Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Leminen Madsen ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Mads Dyrmann ◽  
Morten Stigaard Laursen ◽  
Laura-Carlota Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Plant Phenotype ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Future Work

For decades, significant effort has been put into the development of plant detection and classification algorithms. However, it has been difficult to compare the performance of the different algorithms, due to the lack of a common testbed, such as a public available annotated reference dataset. In this paper, we present the Open Plant Phenotype Database (OPPD), a public dataset for plant detection and plant classification. The dataset contains 7590 RGB images of 47 plant species. Each species is cultivated under three different growth conditions, to provide a high degree of diversity in terms of visual appearance. The images are collected at the semifield area at Aarhus University, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Denmark, using a customized data acquisition platform that provides well-illuminated images with a ground resolution of ∼6.6 px mm − 1 . All images are annotated with plant species using the EPPO encoding system, bounding box annotations for detection and extraction of individual plants, applied growth conditions and time passed since seeding. Additionally, the individual plants have been tracked temporally and given unique IDs. The dataset is accompanied by two experiments for: (1) plant instance detection and (2) plant species classification. The experiments introduce evaluation metrics and methods for the two tasks and provide baselines for future work on the data.

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