scholarly journals Maximum acceptable concentration levels of the chemical agent sarin in Canadian and Russian soil types

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Maslennikov ◽  
Boris N. Filatov ◽  
Svetlana A. Demidova ◽  
Pavel V. Samuleev ◽  
Katherine A.M. Creber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Maximum Acceptable Concentration

The lowest-observed-adverse-effect and no-observed-adverse-effect concentrations of sarin were determined in soils typical to Canada and Russia. Maximum acceptable concentrations were established to be 3.0 × 10−4 mg kg−1 for the standard reference soil, 2.0 × 10−3 mg kg−1 for prairie soil, and 1.0 × 10−2 mg kg−1 for forest soil.

Ecological niches of major soil types in Russia: Geographical aspects of the new Russian soil classification system

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Tonkonogov ◽  
I. I. Lebedeva ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
S. F. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Russian Soil

scholarly journals Relationships between exchangeable and water-soluble cations in the forest soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Grażyna Porębska ◽  
Apolonia Ostrowska
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Sorption ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Haplic Podzol

AbstractThe aim of this research was to assess the relationships between exchangeable and water-soluble cations in forest soil types. Three dominant soil types were distinguished on studied plots: Haplic Podzol, Dystric Arenosol and Dystric Cambisol. Ca, Mg, K, Na and Al in soil sorption complex and soil water extracts were determined. The differentiation of the ionic composition of soil sorption complex and soil water extracts within a soil type and amongst soil types was presented. The sum of cations in the soil and water extracts was the highest in Dystric Cambisol and the lowest in Haplic Podzol. Ca is a dominant cation in soil and soil water extracts in organic horizon, whilst Al is dominant in mineral soil horizons. The Ca/Al and the base cations to Al (BC/Al) molar ratios increased in the sequence of soils: Haplic Podzol < Dystric Arenosol < Dystric Cambisol. The parent material, soil-forming processes and vegetation cover affected the Ca/Al and BC/Al ratios.

scholarly journals Agro-ecological conditions and morpho-productive properties of buckwheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ikanovic ◽  
S. Rakic ◽  
V. Popovic ◽  
S. Jankovic ◽  
Dj. Glamoclija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The effect of different agro-ecological conditions on morphoproductive properties of buckwheat cultivar Novosadska was investigated during 2011-2012 at three different localities. The types of soil on which the experiments were conducted were as follows: the eutric cambisol - in Valjevo, the chernozem - in Nova Pazova and the grey forest soil in Nova Varos. Agro-ecological conditions affected the growth and productivity of the buckwheat crops at all three localities. The highest yields per unit area were obtained on the chernozem-type soil (1.65 t ha-1), while the average yields on the less fertile soils in the hilly and mountainous regions of Serbia were 1.31 t ha-1 on the grey forest soil and 0.80 t ha-1 on the eutric cambisol. The results showed that buckwheat can be successfully grown on different soil types, since the experiments on all locations were carried out without fertilization, i.e. using the natural fertility of the soil.

Long-term retention of 137Cs in three forest soil types with different soil properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 158-159 ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Suchara ◽  
Julie Sucharová ◽  
Marie Holá ◽  
Helena Pilátová ◽  
Petr Rulík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention

The Resolution and Contrast in Biological Sections Determined by Inelastic and Elastic Scattering

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
D. L. Misell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Elastic Ratio

In the electron microscopy of biological sections the adverse effect of chromatic aberration on image resolution is well known. In this paper calculations are presented for the inelastic and elastic image intensities using a wave-optical formulation. Quantitative estimates of the deterioration in image resolution as a result of chromatic aberration are presented as an alternative to geometric calculations. The predominance of inelastic scattering in the unstained biological and polymeric materials is shown by the inelastic to elastic ratio, I/E, within an objective aperture of 0.005 rad for amorphous carbon of a thickness, t=50nm, typical of biological sections; E=200keV, I/E=16.

Atom-probe analysis of the solid-liquid interface

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 676-677
Author(s):  
J.A. Panitz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Solid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Chemically Selective

The first few atomic layers of a solid can form a barrier between its interior and an often hostile environment. Although adsorption at the vacuum-solid interface has been studied in great detail, little is known about adsorption at the liquid-solid interface. Adsorption at a liquid-solid interface is of intrinsic interest, and is of technological importance because it provides a way to coat a surface with monolayer or multilayer structures. A pinhole free monolayer (with a reasonable dielectric constant) could lead to the development of nanoscale capacitors with unique characteristics and lithographic resists that surpass the resolution of their conventional counterparts. Chemically selective adsorption is of particular interest because it can be used to passivate a surface from external modification or change the wear and the lubrication properties of a surface to reflect new and useful properties. Immunochemical adsorption could be used to fabricate novel molecular electronic devices or to construct small, “smart”, unobtrusive sensors with the potential to detect a wide variety of preselected species at the molecular level. These might include a particular carcinogen in the environment, a specific type of explosive, a chemical agent, a virus, or even a tumor in the human body.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Infected Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Egbert W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Basal Septum ◽  
Concentration Levels

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection has been studied in several investigations of Nicotiana tabacum leaf tissue. Earlier studies have suggested that TMV infection does not have precise infective selectivity vs. specific types of tissues. Also, such tissue conditions as vein banding, vein clearing, liquification and suberization may result from causes other than direct TMV infection. At the present time, it is thought that the plasmodesmata, ectodesmata and perhaps the plasmodesmata of the basal septum may represent the actual or more precise sites of TMV infection.TMV infection has been implicated in elevated levels of oxidative metabolism; also, TMV infection may have a major role in host resistance vs. concentration levels of phenolic-type enzymes. Therefore, enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalamine ammonia-lyase may show an increase in activity in response to TMV infection. It has been reported that TMV infection may cause a decrease in o-dihydric phenols (chlorogenic acid) in some tissues.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

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