Next Generation Lampricides: A Three-Stage Process to Develop Improved Control Tools for Invasive Sea Lamprey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Lantz ◽  
Robert A. Adair ◽  
Jon J Amberg ◽  
Roger A. Bergstedt ◽  
Michael A Boogaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
History Of

Successful integrated management of the invasive predatory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America is owed largely to the long history of beneficial use of two lampricides: 3 trifluoromethyl 4 nitrophenol (TFM) and 2’,5-dichloro-4’-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide). Ensuring continued successful sea lamprey control necessitates consideration of possible next-generation lampricides to supplement or replace current lampricides. This review identifies fifteen hallmarks of success for current lampricides to be used as design criteria in a search for next-generation lampricides. A three-stage research approach is outlined. Targeted research using omics, computer modelling, and high-throughput technology to define molecular mechanisms and high probability molecular targets for sea lamprey selective toxic action is crucial to prioritizing chemical candidates. Targeted delivery or identifying synergists to existing or new lampricides can provide increased efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Ultimate development of next-generation lampricides will rely on traditional toxicity testing methodologies to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.

Apocrypha from the History of the Jewish Military Union and its Authors

2008 ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Dariusz Libionka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
History Of

This article is an attempt at a critical analysis of the history of the Jewish Fighting Union (JFU) and a presentation of their authors based on documents kept in the archives of the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw. The author believes that an uncritical approach and such a treatment of these materials, which were generated under the communist regime and used for political purposes resulted in a perverted and lasting picture of the history of this fighting organisation of Zionists-revisionists both in Poland and Israel. The author has focused on a deconsturction of the most important and best known “testimonies regarding the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising”, the development and JFU participation in this struggle, given by Henryk Iwaƒski, WΠadysΠaw Zajdler, Tadeusz Bednarczyk and Janusz Ketling–Szemley.A comparative analysis of these materials, supplemented by important details of their war-time and postwar biographies, leaves no doubt as to the fact that they should not be analysed in terms of their historical credibility and leads one to conclude that a profound revision of research approach to JFU history is necessary.

Pendidikan Karakter Profetik dalam Sirah Nabawiyah (Telaah Kitab al-Râhiq al-Makhtûm Karya Shafiy al-Rahmân al-Mubârakfuri)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Syahid ◽  
H. Husni
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of

This study aims to analyze the character values ​​in Sirah Nabawiyah Ar-Rahiq Al-Makhtum by Syafiyyurrahman al-Mubarakfuri, so that it is revealed how the character education of the Prophet Muhammad. and analyze its relevance to current educational goals. The research method used is library research, the type of research approach is deductive and the analysis method is content analysis. Data collection techniques used were library techniques. This research succeeded in proving that prophetic values ​​based on the history of the Prophet Muhammad have a strong relevance to the concept of contemporary character education. Prophetic values ​​loaded with character education in this era, especially related to religiosity, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democracy, curiosity, national spirit, love of the motherland, respect for achievement, friendship, love for peace , likes to read, care about the environment, care about social, and responsibility.

Toxicology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Laumbach ◽  
Michael Gochfeld
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Threshold Doses

This chapter describes the basic principles of toxicology and their application to occupational and environmental health. Topics covered include pathways that toxic substances may take from sources in the environment to molecular targets in the cells of the body where toxic effects occur. These pathways include routes of exposure, absorption into the body, distribution to organs and tissues, metabolism, storage, and excretion. The various types of toxicological endpoints are discussed, along with the concepts of dose-response relationships, threshold doses, and the basis of interindividual differences and interspecies differences in response to exposure to toxic substances. The diversity of cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, including enzyme induction and inhibition, oxidative stress, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis, are discussed and the chapter concludes with examples of practical applications in clinical evaluation and in toxicity testing.

Later Lutheran, Swiss Reformed, and Calvinist Readings of Sacred History in the Old Testament Prophets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sujin Pak
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sacred History

The next generation of Lutheran, Swiss Reformed, and Calvinist Reformed leaders retained the distinctive confessional emphases on transition (Luther), extension (Calvin), and covenant (Swiss Reformed) in their engagements with the sacred history of the Old Testament prophets. Lutheran exegetes emphasized literal prophecies of Christ; Calvinists emphasized an analogical interpretation; and Swiss Reformed leaders upheld both readings of the text simultaneously. Confessional distinctions remained palpable in their identification of doctrine as the prime content (Lutheran) versus history (Reformed) and an overall view of history as one of decline (Lutheran) versus progress (Reformed), in which increasing emphasis on the apocalyptic element becomes evident in both.

scholarly journals Next Generation Sequencing for the Prediction of the Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori: A Literature Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Ilaria Maria Saracino ◽  
Matteo Pavoni ◽  
Angelo Zullo ◽  
Giulia Fiorini ◽  
Tiziana Lazzarotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Background and aims: Only a few antimicrobials are effective against H. pylori, and antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem for eradication therapies. In 2017, the World Health Organization categorized clarithromycin resistant H. pylori as a “high-priority” bacterium. Standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be used to prescribe appropriate therapies but is currently recommended only after the second therapeutic failure. H. pylori is, in fact, a “fastidious” microorganism; culture methods are time-consuming and technically challenging. The advent of molecular biology techniques has enabled the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypic resistance to antibiotics in H. pylori. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the results of original articles published in the last ten years, regarding the use of Next Generation Sequencing, in particular of the whole genome, to predict the antibiotic resistance in H. pylori.Methods: a literature research was made on PubMed. The research was focused on II and III generation sequencing of the whole H. pylori genome. Results: Next Generation Sequencing enabled the detection of novel, rare and complex resistance mechanisms. The prediction of resistance to clarithromycin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin is accurate; for other antimicrobials, such as metronidazole, rifabutin and tetracycline, potential genetic determinants of the resistant status need further investigation.

Memory impairment induced by amphetamine derivatives in laboratory animals and in humans: a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Camarasa ◽  
Teresa Rodrigo ◽  
David Pubill ◽  
Elena Escubedo
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Club Drugs ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amphetamine Derivatives ◽  
Considerable Body

AbstractThe 20th century brought with it the so-called club drugs (the most notorious being amphetamine derivatives), which are used by young adults at all-night dance parties. Methamphet­amine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) are synthetic drugs with stimulant and psychoactive properties that belong to the amphetamine family. Here, we have reviewed the literature about the cognitive impairment induced by these two amphetamine derivatives and the preclinical and clinical outcomes. Although there is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine and MDMA on learning and memory in laboratory animals, results from published papers demonstrate that amphetamines cause long-term impairment of cognitive functions. A large number of pharmacological receptors have been studied and screened as targets of amphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, and extensive research efforts have been invested to provide evidence about the molecular mechanisms behind these cognitive deficits. In humans, there is a considerable body of evidence indicating that methamphetamine and MDMA seriously disrupt memory and learning processes. Although an association between the impairments of memory performance and a history of recreational amphetamine ingestion has also been corroborated, a number of methodological difficulties continue to hamper research in this field, the most important being the concomitant use of other illicit drugs.

Parasitic Phase of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2021-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Christie ◽  
D. P. Kolenosky
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Error Component ◽  
Species Preference ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parasitic Phase ◽  
Parasitic Generation

Sea lamprey produced in other areas of Lake Ontario appeared to be responsible for significant levels of predation on target species of the eastern outlet basin. The life history of the lamprey is simple with only one parasitic generation present in the lake during the feeding period. Wound frequencies on gillnetted whitefish were influenced by season, fish size, gillnet set duration, and a large random error component which suggested a contagious distribution. Scar frequencies were influenced by fish age and indicated improved survival of whitefish when fish weight exceeded lamprey weight by 43 times. Lamprey impact on the whitefish stocks would probably have been more important at lower fishing intensities. The lamprey may have been prey limited, and size and species preference were probably such that lake trout and burbot were not buffered against sea lamprey by white suckers or whitefish. The analysis favored the view that lamprey were innocuous in 19th century Lake Ontario by reason of prey size and density, but climatic and other environmental effects could also have been important.Key words: sea lamprey, lake whitefish, Lake Ontario

scholarly journals O estudo de definições matemáticas no contexto de investigação histórica: um experimento didático envolvendo Engenharia Didática e Sequências Polinomiais de Fibonacci

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannyelly Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Régis Vieira Alves ◽  
Rodrigo Sychocki da Silva
Keyword(s):  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Fibonacci Sequence ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Polynomial Sequence ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Generalized Fibonacci Sequence ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Didactic Engineering ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fibonacci Polynomial

Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem de investigação no contexto da História da Matemática, envolvendo situações que visam oportunizar o entendimento da extensão, evolução e generalização de propriedades da Sequência de Fibonacci. Dessa forma, abordam-se duas situações. A primeira, envolvendo a descrição da fórmula de Binnet no campo dos inteiros. Logo em seguida, apresenta-se uma descrição e análise dos termos explícitos presentes na Sequência Polinomial de Fibonacci. O escopo da presente proposta de atividade busca a divulgação científica de noções envolvendo a generalização, ainda atual, fato que acentua o caráter ubíquo da Sequência de Fibonacci. À vista disso, a proposta de experimento didático está fundamentada na organização das características da Engenharia Didática. Almeja-se, além da validação interna das hipóteses levantadas durante a investigação, contribuir com a formação inicial de estudantes dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática que virem a estudar o tema.Palavras-chave: Atividades de investigação. Engenharia Didática. História da Matemática. Sequência Generalizada de Fibonacci.  THE STUDY OF MATHEMATICAL DEFINITIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH: A DIDACTIC EXPERIMENT INVOLVING DIDACTIC ENGINEERING AND FIBONACCI POLYNOMIAL SEQUENCESAbstract: This article presents a research approach within the context of History of Mathematics, involving situations that aim to provide an understanding of the extension, evolution and generalization of properties of the Fibonacci Sequence. In this way, two situations are addressed. The first, involving the description of Binet's formula in the integer field. Then, a description and analysis of the explicit terms present in the Fibonacci Polynomial Sequence is presented. The scope of this activity proposal seeks the scientific dissemination of notions involving generalization, still current, a fact that accentuates the ubiquitous character of the Fibonacci Sequence. Thus the proposal of didactic experiment is based on the organized in the characteristics of Didactic Engineering, beyond the internal validation of the hypotheses raised during the investigation this paper aims at contributing to initial education of undergrad   Mathematicsof students that may come to study the subject.Keywords: Research activities. Didactic Engineering. History of Mathematics. Generalized Fibonacci Sequence.

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