Functional microbial diversity dynamics in common effluent treatment plants of South Gujarat and hydrocarbon degradation

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purvi Zaveri ◽  
Nasreen Munshi ◽  
Alok Vaidya ◽  
Sanjay Jha ◽  
G. Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Functional Microbial Diversity

Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) of South Gujarat region, India, process wastewater generated by more than 2500 industries because of the nonfeasibility of processing at the individual industrial unit. This study assessed functional microbial diversity in wastewater samples of CETPs over a geological belt using Ecoplate®, isolation of the most abundant bacteria, and screening for hydrocarbon degradation. The high evenness (EPielou) values (0.9) in almost all samples indicated a highly even community structure. Principal component analysis of carbon source utilization showed a cluster of all inlet samples except E1 and another cluster of all outlet samples; aeration tank community samples were dispersed. In spite of the high richness found in microbial communities, 60 morphologically similar organisms were observed and isolated; 46 out of them were subjected to amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis with MboI, HaeIII, and TaqI enzyme, followed by UPGMA clustering. In screening the most abundant bacteria from each cluster, one of the cultures showed a high potential for hydrocarbon degradation and was identified as Pseudomonas citronellolis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Because of its highly adapted inherent nature, this bacterium may help augment the conventional procedure in wastewater treatment and efficiently decrease the organic load.

The Effect of Metallic and Ionic Species on the Performance of a Biological Effluent Treatment System

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
B. Volesky ◽  
Q. Samak ◽  
P. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Review of the available results appearing in the recent literature is presented focusing particularly upon the effects of metallic ions such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, V, Zn, Ni and Co. Some original data involving the effects of Na are presented and discussed. Development of parameters used in evaluating the influence of toxic or inhibitory species on the mixed microbial population of an activated sludge system is of crucial importance and different techniques employed such as BOD-COD-TOC-removal rates, Oxygen Uptake Rate, and others are discussed, showing relative inadequacy of currently applied assays. From the data available, certain trends can be discerned. There is a definite threshold concentration for each metallic ion, depending on the organic load of the feed. In the order of increasing toxicity to activated sludge systems reflected in lower BOD removals the following metals have been listed as inhibiting factors at concentrations starting from 1 ppm applied on a continuous basis: hexavalent chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper and nickel. Metals in combination have not been reported to exhibit any significantly different effects as compared to those observed with individually introduced metallic ions. Tolerance of some activated sludge systems to shock loadings by various inorganic ions and metals is reviewed. The conclusions are of particular importance for estimating the performance of biox systems handling industrial effluents which are likely to contain toxic components of inorganic or metallic nature.

scholarly journals Fault detection with moving window PCA using NIRS spectra for monitoring the anaerobic digestion process

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382
Author(s):  
L. Awhangbo ◽  
R. Bendoula ◽  
J. M. Roger ◽  
F. Béline
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Adaptive Pca

Abstract Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular method for process monitoring. However, most processes are time-varying, thus older samples are not representative of the current process status. This led to the introduction of adaptive-PCA based monitoring, such as moving window PCA (MWPCA). In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) responses to digester failures were evaluated to develop a spectral data processing tool. Tests were performed with a spectroscopic probe (350–2,500 nm), using a 35 L mesophilic continuously stirred tank reactor. Co-digestion experiments were performed with pig slurry mixed with several co-substrates. Different stresses were induced by abruptly increasing the organic load rate, changing the feedstock or stopping the stirring. Physicochemical parameters as well as NIRS spectra were acquired for lipid, organic and protein overloads experiments. MWPCA was then applied to the collected spectra for a multivariate statistical process control. MWPCA outputs, Hotelling T2 and residuals Q statistics showed that most of the induced dysfunctions can be detected with variations in these statistics according to a defined criterion based on spectroscopic principles and the process. MWPCA appears to be a multivariate statistical method that could help in decision support in industrial biogas plants.

Functional microbial diversity responses to biodynamic management in Burgundian vineyard soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-186
Author(s):  
Jürgen Fritz ◽  
Ramia Jannoura ◽  
Finja Lauer ◽  
Jona Schenk ◽  
Pierre Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Functional Microbial Diversity ◽  
Vineyard Soils

scholarly journals Technological Effectiveness of Sugar-Industry Effluent Methane Fermentation in a Fluidized Active Filling Reactor (FAF-R)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Dębowski ◽  
Marcin Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
The Impact

Technological solutions allowing the increase of the technological efficiency of anaerobic methods of wastewater treatment are still under investigation. The weaknesses of these solutions can be limited by the use of active fillings. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of fluidized active filling on the effectiveness of anaerobic treatment of sugar-industry effluent, the production efficiency and the qualitative composition of the biogas produced. High, comparable (p = 0.05) effluent treatment results were observed at tested organic load rates between 4.0 and 6.0 kg COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/m3·d. The COD removal rate reached over 74%, biogas yields ranged from 356 ± 25 to 427 ± 14 dm3/kg CODremoved and the average methane contents were approximately 70%. A significant decrease in effluent treatment efficiency and methane fermentation was observed after increasing the organic load rate to 8.0 kg COD/m3·d, which correlated with decreased pH and FOS/TAC (volatile organic acid and buffer capacity ratio) increased to 0.44 ± 0.2. The use of fluidized active filling led to phosphorus removal with an efficiency ranged from 64.4 ± 2.4 to 81.2 ± 8.2% depending on the stage. Low concentration of total suspended solids in the treated effluent was also observed.

Functional microbial diversity of the railway track bed

2008 ◽  
Vol 397 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Cederlund ◽  
Tomas Thierfelder ◽  
John Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Functional Microbial Diversity

Novel soil lineages ofArchaeaare present in semi-arid soils of eastern Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Midgley ◽  
Jennifer A Saleeba ◽  
Michael I Stewart ◽  
Peter A McGee
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Agricultural Site ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
Archaeal Communities ◽  
Semi Arid

The diversity of Archaea was studied in vertisolic and loam soils of a semi-arid region in Australia. Sampling was undertaken at an agricultural site, two grassland environments, and a brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) woodland. Archaeal community structure was profiled using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) combined with rDNA sequencing of an example of each restriction fragment length polymorphism type. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that both crenarchaeotal and euryarchaeotal Archaea were present at oxic depths in the soil at all field sites. Along with previously described soil archaeal lineages, novel soil lineages and the deeply divergent Pendant-33 group of Euryarchaeota were also detected. A novel statistical method for comparing ARDRA derived data was demonstrated and implemented using the archaeal communities from the four field sites. Archaeal diversity, as measured by this method, was significantly higher in the agricultural site than at either of the grassland sites or the brigalow woodland.Key words: archaeal communities, cotton, Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharide on the Gut Microbiota of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical Remission

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongwei Li ◽  
Zhengpeng Li ◽  
Liying Zhu ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
Gang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Prebiotic therapy is a potential approach for UC management especially remission maintaining. Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) is an efficient prebiotic with proven health benefits and few side effects. However, the effects of XOS on the gut microbiota of patients with UC have not been investigated previously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effects of XOS on the fecal microbiota of patients with UC in clinical remission using an in vitro fermentation model. Five patients with UC in clinical remission and five healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Fresh fecal samples of UC patients were diluted and inoculated in yeast extract, casitone and fatty acid (YCFA) medium alone or with XOS. After fermentation for 48 h, samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the gut microbiota composition. Differences in the gut microbiota between healthy volunteers and UC patients in clinical remission were detected using original fecal samples. Subsequently, the differences between the YCFA medium alone or with XOS samples were analyzed to illustrate the effects of XOS on the gut microbiota of UC patients. In both principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and principal component analysis (PCA), the fecal samples of UC patients differed from those of healthy volunteers. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that the relative abundances of g_Roseburia and g_Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group were higher in healthy volunteers than in UC patients, while o_Lactobacillales abundance showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot showed that the abundances of g_Eubacterium_halli_group and g_Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group were higher in the healthy volunteers than in the UC patients (P < 0.05). In addition, in UC patients, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that XOS fermentation promoted the growth of bacterial groups including g_Roseburia, g_Bifidobacterium, and g_Lactobacillus, which is beneficial for recovery of intestinal diseases. These results suggest that XOS can relieve dysbiosis in the feces of UC patients in clinical remission and thus represent a potential prebiotic material for maintaining remission.

scholarly journals Changes of Microbial Diversity During Swine Manure Treatment Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Jung-Im Yun ◽  
Seung-Gun Won ◽  
Kyu-Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Generation Sequencing

We investigated microbial diversity in a manure storage tank (MST) storing untreated manure and an aeration tank (AT) during swine manure treatment process using the next-generation sequencing in order to find the aeration effect on microbial diversity. Proteobacteria were more abundant in the AT group than in the MST group and may include denitrifying bacteria contributing to nitrous oxide (N2O) emission or aerobic bacteria stimulated by oxygen. The opposite held true for the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes that may include anaerobic bacteria inhibited under aerobic conditions in the AT group.

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