The effects of soil tillage techniques on weed flora in high input barley systems in northern Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
M.I. Santín-Montanyá ◽  
A. Sombrero Sacristán
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Weed Density

In barley cropping systems of northern Spain, agronomic practices and weather conditions are key components of weed control efficacy. We compared the short-term effects of conventional tillage with minimum tillage (MT) and zero tillage (ZT), in barley monoculture and barley rotation systems. Weed density and weed species number were measured at tillering and flowering barley stages. We found that tillage system can influence weed density and weed species establishment due to, in part, the available light for weed seeds. The results obtained indicate that the MT system facilitates the prevalence of the grass weed Bromus diandrus Roth (50.37%) and the annual dicots Galium aparine (L.) and Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst. abundant were high in the MT system too, 43.71% and 43.97% respectively. The germination of these species showed a high dependence on light availability. We saw that barley-monoculture plots had a large infestation of Bromus (71.29%) and barley-rotated plots presented more infestation of Galium and Buglossoides (74.36% and 84.4%, respectively). After herbicide application, weed infestation in conservation systems was reduced in barley-rotated plots compared with barley-monoculture. If conservation systems avoided the presence of dominant weeds, the weight of each weed species was balanced within competitive relationships of the cropping systems. Our results confirmed that MT and ZT systems favour different weed species emergences in barley-rotated plots. The combination of MT and barley-rotated cropping system resulted in greater weed diversity and lower total weed density.

Agronomic performance of Pesticide Free Production under two crop rotations

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schoofs ◽  
M.H. Entz ◽  
R.C. Van Acker ◽  
J.R. Thiessen Martens ◽  
D.A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Selection ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractPesticide Free Production (PFP) is a pesticide reduction system that removes in-crop pesticide use on a yearly basis. A long-term study was established in 2000 to investigate the effect of crop rotation and frequency of inclusion on the success of PFP, as well as the effect of PFP on subsequent crops in the rotation. The crop rotations being compared were linola–oat–canola–wheat and linola–oat–alfalfa–alfalfa. PFP occurred either once in the rotation (oat) or twice (linola–oat). Weed density and yield were measured in the crops that followed PFP. Oat was a more successful PFP crop than linola because it was better able to compete with weeds. Furthermore, PFP oat had a higher weed density when it followed PFP linola, but this did not influence PFP oat yield. Under the conditions of this study, PFP linola was more successful in the annual crop rotation. Inclusion of alfalfa hay crops in the crop rotation was not effective in lowering weed pressure and, in fact, may have contributed to an increase in weed density. It is concluded that weed species present influenced the effectiveness of alfalfa in facilitating PFP, because major weeds in the study are not effectively controlled by alfalfa. PFP did not have a negative effect on following crops in the rotation (i.e. canola–wheat or alfalfa), regardless of whether one or two consecutive years of PFP occurred in the rotation. No additional herbicide was necessary for weed control in the crops that followed PFP; however, alfalfa hay was weedier for the first year following PFP. This study indicates that PFP is a viable way to reduce herbicide use in a cropping system and that attention needs to be paid to PFP crop selection and crop rotation, particularly when the PFP crop is less competitive with weeds.

scholarly journals Assessing weeds at risk of evolving glyphosate resistance in Australian sub-tropical glyphosate-resistant cotton systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Werth ◽  
David Thornby ◽  
Steve Walker
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Very High

Glyphosate resistance will have a major impact on current cropping practices in glyphosate-resistant cotton systems. A framework for a risk assessment for weed species and management practices used in cropping systems with glyphosate-resistant cotton will aid decision making for resistance management. We developed this framework and then assessed the biological characteristics of 65 species and management practices from 50 cotton growers. This enabled us to predict the species most likely to evolve resistance, and the situations in which resistance is most likely to occur. Species with the highest resistance risk were Brachiaria eruciformis, Conyza bonariensis, Urochloa panicoides, Chloris virgata, Sonchus oleraceus and Echinochloa colona. The summer fallow and non-irrigated glyphosate-resistant cotton were the highest risk phases in the cropping system. When weed species and management practices were combined, C. bonariensis in summer fallow and other winter crops were at very high risk. S. oleraceus had very high risk in summer and winter fallow, as did C. virgata and E. colona in summer fallow. This study enables growers to identify potential resistance risks in the species present and management practices used on their farm, which will to facilitate a more targeted weed management approach to prevent development of glyphosate resistance.

scholarly journals Intercropping maize and succession crops alters the weed community in common bean under no-tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D'Amico-Damião ◽  
Arthur Arrobas Martins Barroso ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
Leandro Borges Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Calculated Density ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Crop rotation is critical in the management of herbicide-resistant weed species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intercropping systems of maize with brachiaria or crotalaria on qualitative and quantitative parameters of the weed seedbank, along the succession of pearl millet, maize and common bean. Moreover, the effect of these crop rotation systems on the selection of specific weed species of the seedbank was also evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments were represented by three cropping systems in succession: pearl millet, single maize, common bean; pearl millet, maize intercropped with brachiaria, common bean; pearl millet, maize intercropped with crotalaria, common bean. The following phytosociological indexes were calculated: density, frequency and relative importance, diversity and equitability. The grain yield of maize and common bean were also quantified. Twenty-three weed species were identified, divided into 12 families, highlighting the Poaceae one, with the most important being Alternanthera tenella, Commelina benghalensis, Eleusine indica and Phyllanthus tenellus. The cropping system with single maize presented a lower density and diversity of weeds, but with a high selection of E. indica. The intercropping systems in the previous crop, as a guarantee of a higher weed diversity, could be use as alternative tools, different from the herbicides, to control weeds and improve the common bean yield. Regarding the weed control in the common bean, Crotalaria spectabilis presented better results in the previous maize-intercropping system than Urochloa ruziziensis.

scholarly journals Weed community structure and soybean yields in a long-term organic cropping systems experiment

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret G. Ball ◽  
Brian A. Caldwell ◽  
Antonio DiTommaso ◽  
Laurie E. Drinkwater ◽  
Charles L. Mohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Species Richness

AbstractWeed management is a major challenge in organic crop production, and organic farms generally harbor larger weed populations and more diverse communities compared with conventional farms. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of different organic management practices on weed communities and crop yields. In 2014 and 2015, we measured weed community structure and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield in a long-term experiment that compared four organic cropping systems that differed in nutrient inputs, tillage, and weed management intensity: (1) high fertility (HF), (2) low fertility (LF), (3) enhanced weed management (EWM), and (4) reduced tillage (RT). In addition, we created weed-free subplots within each system to assess the impact of weeds on soybean yield. Weed density was greater in the LF and RT systems compared with the EWM system, but weed biomass did not differ among systems. Weed species richness was greater in the RT system compared with the EWM system, and weed community composition differed between RT and other systems. Our results show that differences in weed community structure were primarily related to differences in tillage intensity, rather than nutrient inputs. Soybean yield was lower in the EWM system compared with the HF and RT systems. When averaged across all four cropping systems and both years, soybean yield in weed-free subplots was 10% greater than soybean yield in the ambient weed subplots that received standard management practices for the systems in which they were located. Although weed competition limited soybean yield across all systems, the EWM system, which had the lowest weed density, also had the lowest soybean yield. Future research should aim to overcome such trade-offs between weed control and yield potential, while conserving weed species richness and the ecosystem services associated with increased weed diversity.

scholarly journals Is Pasture Cropping a Valid Weed Management Tool?

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ignacio M. Luna ◽  
César Fernández-Quintanilla ◽  
José Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Central Spain

The aim of the present work was to study the feasibility of pasture cropping under the Mediterranean conditions prevailing in central Spain and its potential as a weed management tool. Three cropping systems were assessed: conventionally grown winter barley and winter barley in pasture cropping with two perennial summer species, Cynodon dactylon and Eragrostis curvula. The results showed that the growth of these two species in a pasture cropping system was limited by the severe drought conditions and high temperatures present during the summer in some of the study years. Although there were no differences in the establishment of winter barley in any of the treatments assessed, pasture cropping reduced winter barley yields up to 50%–60% in years with low rainfall in spring. Regarding weed control, pasture cropping showed a significant suppression of the total weed density and number of weed species. As a conclusion, pasture cropping can be considered as a valid weed management tool. However, the economic feasibility of this system under the climatic conditions of central Spain (characterized by a high risk of severe summer droughts) is still not clear. The availability of supplemental irrigation may reduce competition between pastures and winter crops and ensure a profitable production of summer pastures.

Weed Management in a Legume-Cereal Cover Crop with the Rotary Hoe

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Eric B. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Density And Biomass

Substantial weed growth often occurs in legume-cereal cover-crop mixes commonly grown on organic vegetable farms. A 2-yr study at the USDA-ARS in Salinas, CA, was conducted to test the effect of zero, one, and two passes with a rotary hoe on weed control in a mixed cover crop of 10% rye, 15% common vetch, 15% purple vetch, 25% peas, and 35% bell bean. Rotary hoeing occurred 14–15 days after planting (DAP) in the one-pass treatment, and 14 and 28 DAP in the two-pass treatment. Rotary hoeing did not affect total cover-crop density or biomass in either year, but reduced rye density and biomass in year 2. One pass reduced total weed density by 69% in year 1 and 49% in year 2. A second pass did not affect weed density in year 1 but reduced weed density an additional 33% in year 2. One pass decreased weed biomass in year 1, whereas two passes were required to reduce weed biomass in year 2. Rotary hoeing reduced seed shed by chickweed and shepherd's-purse seeds, the two predominant weed species, by 80 to 95% in both years. Rotary hoe efficacy depended on weather conditions directly before and after cultivation. The decision to repeat rotary hoeing should be based upon field scouting and weather conditions following the initial pass with the rotary hoe.

scholarly journals Effect of Tree Presence and Soil Characteristics on Soybean Yield and Quality in an Innovative Alley-Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Mantino ◽  
Iride Volpi ◽  
Martina Micci ◽  
Giovanni Pecchioni ◽  
Simona Bosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Yield And Quality

Agroforestry is indicated as a farming practice suited to enhance ecosystem services generated by cropping systems. However, farmers are often reluctant to implement agroforestry systems due to the potential yield loss of crops. In a field trial, soybean was intercropped with poplar short-rotation-coppice rows in an alley-cropping system with 13.5 m wide alleys, in order to assess the effect of tree presence on soybean yield and quality. The light availability (LA) was significantly affected by the tree presence, with an increasing effect along the season due to tree growth, being at its lowest in the tree–crop interface positions (West and East). Significant effects of the tree-distance and LA were registered on soybean yield, with the highest reduction of soybean yield in the West (−78%) and East (−35%) positions. Crude fat content in soybean grain did not vary among positions in the alley, while crude protein content was the lowest in the most shaded position (West −8% than the highest value). The assessment of spatial variability among plots of measured soil characteristics highlighted no significant effect of pedological conditions upon soybean yield. Thus, in our study, the LA effect was more important than soil characteristics in determining a detrimental effect of competition for resources between soybean and poplar. Conversely, soybean quality was affected by soil characteristics, since crude fat significantly correlated with soil nutrients, pH, soil organic matter and soil texture.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity and content of selected antioxidant compounds in grain of different oat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Ivana Capouchová ◽  
Barbora Burešová ◽  
Luboš Paznocht ◽  
Marie Eliášová ◽  
Kateřina Pazderů ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oat Cultivars

The total antioxidant activity (TAA), total contents of polyphenols (TPC), phenolic acids (TPA) and tocols (TTC) were determined in the grain of 5 oat cultivars of Czech origin grown under organic and conventional cropping systems in two-year experiments (2018 and 2019). The TPC ranged from 772.9 mg/kg DM (dry matter) (hulled oat cv. Seldon) to 890.6 mg/kg (naked oat cv. Patrik); the TPA from 261.6 mg/kg (cv. Seldon) to 479.0 mg/kg (cv. Patrik); the TTC from 110.9 mg/kg (hulled oat cv. Korok) to 126.5 mg/kg (cv. Seldon). The TAA ranged from 427.1 mg/kg (cv. Korok) to 474.9 mg/kg (cv. Seldon). Besides the effect of the cultivar, the TAA and antioxidant contents were significantly affected also by year (weather conditions); higher values were observed in the drier and warmer the year 2019. The effect of the cropping system was statistically insignificant.

Risks of gene flow from transgenic herbicide-resistant canola (Brassica napus) to weedy relatives in southern Australian cropping systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Rieger ◽  
Chris Preston ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Transgenic Canola ◽  
Genes Encoding

It is likely that transgenic canola expressing genes encoding resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium will be introduced into the Australian cropping system in the next few years. One risk associated with the introduction of such cultivars is the release of herbicide resistance genes into weedy relatives of canola. This review examines the currently available experimental information regarding the possibility of gene flow from canola to weedy relatives. Three species are identified as having the potential to outcross with canola, Brassica juncea, B. rapa, and Raphanus raphanistrum. Two of these species are not yet widespread weeds of the southern Australian cropping zone. In contrast, R. raphanistrum is already a major weed in Australia with existing resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Information is urgently needed to determine whether successful hybrids between B. napus and R. raphanistrum can be produced under Australian conditions. Major deficiencies in the existing information are identified in relation to some other important weed species within the southern Australian cropping zone. Further studies are required to determine the out-crossing potential of canola to B. tournefortii, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Sisymbrium officinale, and S. orientale if transgenic canola is to be safely and responsibly introduced into Australia.

scholarly journals Timing of Tillage as a Driver of Weed Communities

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Cordeau ◽  
Richard G. Smith ◽  
Eric R. Gallandt ◽  
Bryan Brown ◽  
Paul Salon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
The Impact

Tillage is a foundational management practice in many cropping systems. Although effective at reducing weed populations and preparing a crop seedbed, tillage and cultivation can also dramatically alter weed community composition. We examined the impact of soil tillage timing on weed community structure at four sites across the northeastern United States. Soil was tilled every 2 wk throughout the growing season (late April to late September 2013), and weed seedling density was quantified by species 6 wk after each tillage event. We used a randomized complete block design with four replicates for each tillage-timing treatment; a total of 196 plots were sampled. The timing of tillage was an important factor in shaping weed community composition and structure at all sites. We identified three main periods of tillage timing that resulted in similar communities. Across all sites, total weed density tended to be greatest and weed evenness tended to be lowest when soils were tilled early in the growing season. From the earliest to latest group of timings, total abundance decreased on average from 428±393 to 159±189 plants m−2, and evenness increased from 0.53±0.25 to 0.72±0.20. The effect of tillage timing on weed species richness varied by site. Our results show that tillage timing affects weed community structure, suggesting that farmers can manage weed communities and the potential for weed interference by adjusting the timing of their tillage and cropping practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document