scholarly journals Rh glycoprotein immunoreactivity in the skin and its role in extrabranchial ammonia excretion by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in fresh water

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Blair ◽  
M.P. Wilkie ◽  
S.L. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Protein Rich

Aquatic organisms employ various strategies to excrete ammonia across the gills, skin, and (or) renal routes. During three different stages of their life cycle, we hypothesized that the basal vertebrate sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) used the skin as a route for ammonia excretion. Measurements of ammonia excretion using divided flux chambers revealed that extrabranchial sites (skin plus renal) of ammonia excretion were quantitatively more important in larval sea lampreys, but following metamorphosis, the gills became the dominant route of excretion in juvenile sea lampreys. Despite the greater relative importance of the skin in the larval stage, Rh glycoprotein isoforms Rhbg, Rhcg1, and Rhcg2 were detected in the skin in all three sea lamprey life stages examined, but the patterns of expression were dependent on the life stage. We conclude that, during the relatively sedentary filter-feeding larval stage, extrabranchial routes play an equally important role as the gill in facilitating ammonia excretion. However, the gills by virtue of their extensive branchial vasculature become the dominant route of ammonia excretion following metamorphosis because of the need to offload greater amounts of ammonia arising from higher rates of basal ammonia production and the potential to excrete higher amounts of ammonia following ingestion of protein-rich blood in the parasitic stage.

Seasonal growth and duration of the parasitic life stage of the landlocked sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Bergstedt ◽  
William D. Swink
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Host Mortality

We used lengths and weights of 2367 live parasitic-phase sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) collected from Lake Huron, 1984–1990, to calculate their mean size at half-month intervals. Growth in weight was linear during June through September; increments averaged 11.1 g per half month. Growth increased sharply in October to several times the summer rate. We speculate that the increase in growth in October is explained partly by water temperature and partly by an increase in appetite related to the onset of gonadal development. The greater compression of biomass accumulation in autumn than has been previously demonstrated better explains the autumn pulse of sea lamprey induced host mortality. Based on the seasonal pattern of growth and on recaptures of marked sea lampreys, we conclude that landlocked individuals grow to adult size and mature in one parasitic growth year. Regressions of weight (grams) on total length (millimetres) differed significantly among months, and the season of collection must be considered in predicting weight from length.

scholarly journals Bile acid production is life-stage and sex-dependent and affected by primer pheromones in the sea lamprey

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.229476
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson ◽  
Ugo Bussy ◽  
Skye D. Fissette ◽  
Anne M. Scott ◽  
Weiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Primer Pheromone ◽  
Petromyzonol Sulfate ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Primer Pheromones

Pheromonal bile salts are important for sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus) to complete their life cycle. The synthesis and release of a releaser/primer pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) by spermiating males have been well characterized. 3kPZS evokes sexual behaviors in ovulatory females, induces immediate 3kPZS release in spermiating males, and elicits neuroendocrine responses in prespawning adults. Another primer pheromone released by spermiating males, 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA), antagonizes the neuroendocrine effects of 3kPZS in prespermiating males. However, the effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS on pheromone production in prespawning adults is unclear. To understand the foundation of pheromone production, we examined sea lamprey bile salt levels at different life stages. To investigate the priming effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS, we exposed prespawning adults with vehicle or synthetic 3kACA or 3kPZS. We hypothesized that endogenous bile salt levels were life-stage and sex-dependent, and differentially affected by 3kACA and 3kPZS in prespawning adults. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we found that sea lampreys contained distinct mixtures of bile salts in the liver and plasma at different life stages. Males usually contained higher amounts of bile salts than females. Petromyzonamine disulfate was the most abundant C27 bile salt and petromyzonol sulfate was the most abundant C24 bile salt. Waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS exerted differential effects on bile salt production in the liver and gill, their circulation and clearance in the plasma, and their release into water. We conclude that bile salt levels are life-stage and sex-dependent and differentially affected by primer pheromones.

Classification of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Attack Marks on Great Lakes Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett Louis King Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Criteria for the classification of marks inflicted by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) into nine categories were developed from laboratory studies in an attempt to refine the classification system used in field assessment work. These criteria were based on characteristics of the attachment site that could be identified under field conditions by unaided visual means and by touching the attachment site. Healing of these marks was somewhat variable and was influenced by the size of lamprey, duration of attachment, severity of the wound at lamprey detachment, season and water temperature, and by other less obvious factors. Even under laboratory conditions staging of some wounds was difficult, especially at low water temperatures. If these criteria are to be used effectively and with precision in the field, close examination of individual fish may be required. If the feeding and density of specific year-classes of sea lampreys are to be accurately assessed on an annual basis, close attention to the wound size (as it reflects the size of the lamprey's oral disc) and character of wounds on fish will be required as well as consideration of the season of the year in which they are observed.Key words: sea lamprey, attack marks, lake trout, Great Lakes

Management inferences from a demographic analysis of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Vélez-Espino ◽  
Robert L McLaughlin ◽  
Thomas C Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rates

We use matrix models incorporating uncertainty in values of life history traits and density-dependent survival to assess pest management strategies implemented by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to control nonnative sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The primary method of sea lamprey control has been treatment of rearing tributaries with chemical lampricides, but release of sterilized males and deployment of migratory barriers and traps are important components of the management plan. Uncertainties in the effectiveness of alternative control remain, however. Our models demonstrated that the management target of reducing lampricide use by 20% while maintaining current levels of control could be achieved if alternative methods are used to suppress current lake-wide fecundity rates by 49%–65%, assuming equal lampricide efficiency on larvae and metamorphosing individuals, or by 42%–55% when lampricide mortality on larvae is assumed to be half of that on metamorphosing individuals. At current levels of lampricide use, reduction to 72%–88% of current fecundity rates is recommended to ensure long-term control of sea lamprey populations in the face of uncertainty in current estimates of population growth rates. New control options targeting additional vital rates, such as survival of the parasitic life stage, could further reduce reliance on lampricides while maintaining effective sea lamprey control.

scholarly journals Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus : an exception to the rule of homing in anadromous fishes

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Waldman ◽  
Cheryl Grunwald ◽  
Isaac Wirgin
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Control Region ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Pheromonal Communication

Anadromous fishes are believed to make regular circuits of migration in the sea before homing to their natal rivers. Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is an anadromous fish that is an exception to this life-history pattern. It also differs from other anadromous fishes in that its adult phase is parasitic, a feeding strategy that should make homing problematic for lamprey cohorts that become widely dispersed through transport by the diverse hosts they parasitize. We sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region from sea lampreys collected from 11 North American east coast rivers to test for genetic evidence of homing. There were no significant differences ( Χ 2 =235.1, p =0.401) in haplotype frequencies among them, with almost 99 per cent of haplotypic diversity occurring within populations. These findings, together with concordant genetic results from other geographical regions and ancillary information on pheromonal communication, suggest that sea lamprey does not home but rather exhibits regional panmixia while using a novel ‘suitable river’ strategy to complete its life cycle.

Olfactory-mediated stream-finding behavior of migratory adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance A. Vrieze ◽  
Roger A. Bergstedt ◽  
Peter W. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
River Water ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Novel Strategy

Stream-finding behavior of adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ), an anadromous fish that relies on pheromones to locate spawning streams, was documented in the vicinity of an important spawning river in the Great Lakes. Untreated and anosmic migrating sea lampreys were implanted with acoustic transmitters and then released outside the Ocqueoc River. Lampreys swam only at night and then actively. When outside of the river plume, lampreys pursued relatively straight bearings parallel to the shoreline while making frequent vertical excursions. In contrast, when within the plume, lampreys made large turns and exhibited a weak bias towards the river mouth, which one-third of them entered. The behavior of anosmic lampreys resembled that of untreated lampreys outside of the plume, except they pursued a more northerly compass bearing. To locate streams, sea lampreys appear to employ a three-phase odor-mediated strategy that involves an initial search along shorelines while casting vertically, followed by river-water-induced turning that brings them close to the river’s mouth, which they then enter using rheotaxis. This novel strategy differs from that of salmonids and appears to offer this poor swimmer adaptive flexibility and suggests ways that pheromonal odors might be used to manage this invasive species.

Metamorphosis in the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Potter ◽  
G. M. Wright ◽  
J. H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
The Body ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Increased Activity

A study has been made of metamorphosis in anadromous sea lampreys in New Brunswick between 1973 and 1976. The stages (1–7) commence with the recently described 'prometamorphic ammocoete' (Youson, J. H., G. M. Wright, and E. C. Ooi. 1977. The timing of changes in several internal organs during metamorphosis of anadromous larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus L. Can. J. Zool. 55: 469–473.) and conclude with one similar to the newly metamorphosed landlocked sea lamprey (Manion, P. J., and T. M. Stauffer. 1970. Metamorphosis of the landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 1735–1746.). Most of the marked quantitative changes exhibited by certain regions of the body can be directly related to adaptations for suctorial feeding, increased activity, and a predaceous mode of life. Reductions in the prebranchial length are almost certainly associated with changes in the pharyngeal basket which facilitate alterations in the direction of the respiratory water flow. The timing of metamorphosis was remarkably synchronous both within and between years, representatives of the earliest stages (1–2) being found only between July 7 and 28 while after September 14 only stage 7 animals were caught. During metamorphosis the lengths of the animals changed little whereas their weights declined significantly. The weights and condition factors of stage 1–2 animals were significantly greater than those of larvae of comparable length. This feature, presumably related to lipid accumulation at the end of larval life, is discussed in the context of factors influencing the onset of metamorphosis.

Sex Ratios and Lengths of Adult Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) from a Lake Ontario Tributary

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Potter ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
B. G. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Humber River

The mean lengths of adult males and females of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) migrating into the Humber River from Lake Ontario in each of the years 1968–1972 varied little, and were similar to those found by other workers in recently established populations in the upper lakes. In contrast, the ratio of males to females, which lay within the narrow range of 1:1 to 1.26:1, was similar to those reported for long-established populations.

Effects of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Control in the Great Lakes on Aquatic Plants, Invertebrates, and Amphibians

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1895-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gllderhus ◽  
B. G. H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Sea Lampreys

The chemicals 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) or a combination of TFM and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) have been used to control the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes for about 20 yr. These chemicals cause some mortalities of Oligochaeta and Hirudinea, immature forms of Ephemeroptera (Hexagenia sp.), and certain Trichoptera, Simuliidae, and Amphibia (Necturus sp.). The combination of TFM and Bayer 73 may affect some Pelecypoda and Gastropoda, but its overall effects on invertebrates are probably less than those of TFM alone. Granular Bayer 73 is likely to induce mortalities among oligochaetes, microcrustaceans, chironomids, and pelecypods. No evidence exists that the lampricides have caused the catastrophic decline or disappearance of any species. The overall impact of chemical control of sea lampreys on aquatic communities has been minor compared with the benefits derived.Key words: sea lamprey control, Great Lakes, TFM, Bayer 73, aquatic plants, invertebrates, amphibians

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Life Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince P. Mathai ◽  
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli ◽  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Sea lamprey (SL; Petromyzon marinus), one of the oldest living vertebrates, have a complex metamorphic life cycle. Following hatching, SL transition into a microphagous, sediment burrowing larval stage, and after 2–10+ years, the larvae undergo a dramatic metamorphosis, transforming into parasitic juveniles that feed on blood and bodily fluids of fishes; adult lamprey cease feeding, spawn, and die. Since gut microbiota are critical for the overall health of all animals, we examined the microbiota associated with SLs in each life history stage. We show that there were significant differences in the gut bacterial communities associated with the larval, parasitic juvenile, and adult life stages. The transition from larval to the parasitic juvenile stage was marked with a significant shift in bacterial community structure and reduction in alpha diversity. The most abundant SL-associated phyla were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, with their relative abundances varying among the stages. Moreover, while larval SL were enriched with unclassified Fusobacteriaceae, unclassified Verrucomicrobiales and Cetobacterium, members of the genera with fastidious nutritional requirements, such as Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Cutibacterium, Veillonella, and Massilia, were three to four orders of magnitude greater in juveniles than in larvae. In contrast, adult SLs were enriched with Aeromonas, Iodobacter, Shewanella, and Flavobacterium. Collectively, our findings show that bacterial communities in the SL gut are dramatically different among its life stages. Understanding how these communities change over time within and among SL life stages may shed more light on the role that these gut microbes play in host growth and fitness.

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