Proteomic and lipidomics analyses of high fatty acid AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean reveals the key lipase gene associated with the lipid internal mechanism

Genome ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Fan Yan ◽  
Yu Zong ◽  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Lipase Gene

Vegetable oil is one of the most important components of human nutrition. Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oil crop worldwide and contains rich unsaturated fatty acids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the Kennedy pathway from diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG). In this study, we conducted further research using T3 AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean. A high-performance gas chromatography flame ionization detector showed that oleic acid (18:1) content and total fatty acid content of transgenic soybean were significantly higher than those of the wild type (WT). However, linoleic acid (18:2) was much lower than that in the WT. For further mechanistic studies, 20 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 119 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified between WT (JACK) and AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean mature seeds using proteomic and lipidomics analyses. Combined proteomic and lipidomics analyses showed that the upregulation of the key DEP (lipase GDSL domain-containing protein) in lipid transport and metabolic process induced an increase in the total fatty acid and 18:1 composition, but a decrease in the 18:2 composition of fatty acids. Our study provides new insights into the deep study of molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement of fatty acids in transgenic soybeans, especially oleic acid and total fatty acid, which are enhanced by over-expression of AhDGAT3.

scholarly journals Identification of Organic Constituents in Cooking Oil by Adding Turmeric as a Potential Antioxidant Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8904-8914
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Turmeric Extract

The objective of this study to compare the fatty acids composition in cooking oil from repeated frying without added turmeric extract and added. The research design is testing the composition of fatty acids in repeated cooking oil using two types of treatment, namely cooking oil from frying without adding turmeric extract and cooking oil from frying with 0.03% turmeric extract added with 10 times frying repeat because it is suspected that repeated frying will increase the composition of fatty acids in cooking oil. The analysis of fatty acids was conducted using gas chromatography. Based on these results that the fatty acid components were produced of saturated fatty acids, namely lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, whereas unsaturated fatty acids also detected such as elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, linolenic acid, and cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid. The highest saturated fatty acid content in cooking oil before frying is palmitic acid (30.88%), whereas unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (35.86%). The highest content of saturated fatty acids in cooking oil has been added turmeric extract before frying is palmitic acid (28.5%), while unsaturated fatty acid of oleic acid was 32.97%.

scholarly journals Changes in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Flour Fatty-Acid Content Based on Storage Temperature and Duration

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayakrishnan Prabakaran ◽  
Kyoung-Jin Lee ◽  
Yeonju An ◽  
Chang Kwon ◽  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Flour

Soybeans are low in saturated fat and a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavone; however, their nutritional shelf life is yet to be established. This study evaluated the change in the stability and quality of fatty acids in raw and roasted soybean flour under different storage temperatures and durations. In both types of soybean flour, the fatty-acid content was the highest in the order of linoleic acid (18-carbon chain with two double bonds; C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which represented 47%, 26%, 12%, 9%, and 4% of the total fatty-acid content, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids of raw soybean flour—oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid—decreased by 30.0%, 94.4%, and 97.7%, and 38.0%, 94.8%, and 98.0% when stored in polyethylene and polypropylene film, respectively, after 48 weeks of storage under high-temperature conditions. These values were later increased due to hydrolysis. This study presents the changes in composition and content of two soybean flour types and the changes in quality and stability of fatty acids in response to storage temperature and duration. This study shows the influence of storage conditions and temperature on the nutritional quality which is least affected by packing material.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Jamur Simbion Sponge dalam Bioisomerasi Asam Lemak pada Dedak untuk Menghasilkan Asam Lemak Cis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Agus Trianto ◽  
Sri Sedjati ◽  
Ocky Karna Radjasa ◽  
Rachmat Afriyanto ◽  
Sakti Imam Muchlisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Elaidic Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl

Utilization of Sponges Symbiotic Fungus in the Bioisomeration  of Fatty Acids in Brans to Produce Cis Fatty Acid  Trans fatty acids are known to have a negative impact on human health such as triggering the coronary heart and blood vessel related diseases. However, many food and animal feed contain trans fatty acids.  Bran, which is widely used as animal feed has high fatty acid content and the majority are trans fatty acids. This study aims to determine the potential of Trichoderma harzanum, a sponge symbiont fungus, in the process of fatty acid bioconversion in bran. Bran was fermented in saline and non-salin condition for 15 days in the room temperature. Both fermented and not bran was extracted with methanol, and the extracts were concentrated with rotary evaporator. Fatty acid extracts were analyzed on the GC with hydrolysis and methylation as pre-treatments. The test results showed the fatty acid composition changed, and the was formation of new fatty acids. The bioisomeration process occurs in the Trans-9-Elaidic acid Methyl esther into Cis-9-Oleic Methyl ester. Cis-9-oleic acid is known as oleic acid which is widely found in olive and sunflowers oil. The fungus has potential as biocatalys for production of cis fatty acid. Asam lemak trans dikenal mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia seperti memicu terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner dan penyakit terkait pembuluh darah. Namun asam lemak trans banyak terkandung dalam berbagai jenis bahan makanan maupun pakan ternak diantaranya adalah dedak.  Dedak banyak digunakan sebagai pakan ternak mempunyai kandungan asam lemak yang tinggi dan mayoritas adalah asam lemak trans.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jamur simbion spons Trichoderma harzanum dalam proses biokonversi asam lemak pada dedak.  Fermentasi dedak dilakukan dalam kondisi salin dan unsalin selama 15 hari pada suhu ruang. Dedak yang difermentasi maupun tidak kemudian diekstrak dengan metanol kemudian dipekatkan dengan rotari eveporator.  Ekstrak asam lemak degan GC dengan pre-treatment meliputi hidrolisis dan metilasi. Hasil uji menunjukan adanya perubahan komposisi dan terbentuknya asam lemak baru. Proses bioisomerasi terjadi pada Trans-9-Elaidic acid Methyl estermenjadi Cis-9-Oleic Methyl ester. Cis-9-oleic acid yang dikenal dengan asam oleat yang banyak terdapat dalam minyak zaitun dan bunga matahari. Jamur T. Harzianum mempunyai potensi sebagai biokatalis untuk memproduksi asam lemak cis.

scholarly journals Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Atique Ahmed Behan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

Modifying egg fatty acid content by supplementation of laying hen diets with palm olein oil (POO)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
S J Hosseini Vashan ◽  
N Afzali ◽  
A Golian ◽  
M Malekaneh ◽  
A Allahressani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Olein Oil

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.

scholarly journals Fatty acid positional distribution (sn-2 fatty acids) and phospholipid composition in Chinese breast milk from colostrum to mature stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Runying Gao ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Yingyi Mao ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Feeding Time

AbstractThis study quantified the fatty acid profile with emphasis on the stereo-specifically numbered (sn) 2 positional distribution in TAG and the composition of main phospholipids at different lactation stages. Colostrum milk (n 70), transitional milk (n 96) and mature milk (n 82) were obtained longitudinally from healthy lactating women in Shanghai. During lactation, total fatty acid content increased, with SFA dominating in fatty acid profile. A high ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was observed as 11:1 over lactation due to the abundance of linoleic acid in Chinese human milk. As the main SFA, palmitic acid showed absolute sn-2 selectivity, while oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, the main unsaturated fatty acids, were primarily esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Nervonic acid and C22 PUFA including DHA were more enriched in colostrum with an sn-2 positional preference. A total of three dominant phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)) were analysed in the collected samples, and each showed a decline in amount over lactation. PC was the dominant compound followed by SM and PE. With prolonged breast-feeding time, percentage of PE in total phospholipids remained constant, but PC decreased, and SM increased. Results from this study indicated a lipid profile different from Western reports and may aid the development of future infant formula more suitable for Chinese babies.

Inhibition of ovine gastric acid secretion by intraduodenal long-chain fatty acids

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. G127-G133
Author(s):  
L. M. McLeay ◽  
J. M. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Conscious Sheep

Effects on ovine gastric function of procedures that increase intestinal unsaturated fatty acid content are unknown, and the present aim was to compare the effects of duodenal unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on gastric secretion in conscious sheep. During the maximal gastric secretory response to a meal, 10 ml gallbladder bile alone or with myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were infused into the duodenum at a rate of 5 g fatty acid . h-1 for 1 h. Compared with control 154 mM NaCl (100%), acid output was reduced to 4-7% of control with infusion of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and myristic acids plus bile. Reductions in acid secretion persisted for up to 5 h from the end of infusion. In contrast, the infusion of palmitic and stearic acids with bile caused mean maximal reductions in acid output, respectively, to only 64 and 55% of control, and levels returned to control within 1 h of the end of infusion. Bile infusion alone caused no reduction in acid secretion. Under the conditions used, C18 unsaturated fatty acids and myristic acid were potent inhibitors of ovine gastric acid secretion. The lesser effects of palmitic and stearic acids were probably related to their reduced solubility and absorption.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and fatty acid profile of gabiroba seed (Campomanesisa Xanthocarpa Berg)

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marli da Silva Santos ◽  
Obdulio Gomes Miguel ◽  
Carmen Lúcia Oliveira Petkowicz ◽  
Lys Mary Bileski Cândido
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and fatty acid profile of gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) seeds. In order to obtain the extract, the seeds were dried, crushed, and subjected to sequential extraction by maceration and percolation in a modified soxhlet extractor using solvent polarity gradient composed of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and alcohol, respectively. The extraction time was six hours. The ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant potential, given by the EC50 value and the amount of total phenolic compounds. High amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were found in the oil studied, especially the oleic acid.

ERUCIC ACID AND CHOLESTEROL EXCRETION IN THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll ◽  
R. L. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion ◽  
Fecal Cholesterol

Erucic acid has been found to increase the excretion of endogenously produced cholesterol in the rat with little change in the cholesterol concentration in the carcass except for increased concentrations in the adrenals and liver. The fecal cholesterol was identified by melting point and infrared spectrum after isolation by chromatography on alumina. It does not appear to originate in the liver since no increase was observed in the biliary excretion of cholesterol. Other homologues of oleic acid, namely eicosenoic and nervonic acid, produced similar changes in fecal cholesterol excretion, although oleic acid itself had little effect. A series of saturated fatty acids from butyric (C4) to behenic (C22) were tested and the longer chain members found to cause some increase in cholesterol excretion. Ester cholesterol accounted for much of the observed increases but varied greatly in the experiments with unsaturated fatty acids. A preparation of cerebrosides from beef spinal cord also increased the amount of cholesterol excreted in the feces. The fatty acid fraction from this preparation gave a similar result, although the cerebrosides gave rise mainly to free cholesterol and the fatty acid fraction to ester cholesterol.

Effect of animal age and gender on fatty acid and elemental composition in Austrian beef applicable for authentication purposes

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriána Bednárová ◽  
Ján Mocák ◽  
Walter Gössler ◽  
Margit Velik ◽  
Josef Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe main aim of the present study was to find differences in the content of fatty acids and variations in elemental composition in beef samples of longissimus dorsi muscle related to cattle age and gender. A further goal was to describe interrelations among the selected variables (descriptors) characterising the samples. For this purpose, an extensive data table was compiled, which contains chemical descriptors specifying forty-six beef samples originating from four well-known Austrian grassland-based beef labels. The following descriptors were investigated: (a) concentrations of 33 fatty acids, (b) concentrations of 19 elements, (c) contents of dry-mass, protein, intramuscular fat, and ash, (d) total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (e) total contents of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFA and their ratio. The correlation analysis provided a number of statistically significant correlations among the descriptors, which were concordant with the results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender of cattle (both acting as target factors) on the fatty acid content and elemental composition of beef was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate non-parametric tests. Several important interrelations among the beef characteristics investigated were also discovered. Finally, the most relevant beef descriptors were utilised in linear discrimination analysis (LDA) for predicting the slaughter age of the cattle for beef authentication.

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