scholarly journals Seed mass effects on germination and growth of diverse European Scots pine populations

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Reich ◽  
J. Oleksyn ◽  
M.G. Tjoelker

Seedlings of 24 European Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) populations were grown in controlled environment chambers under simulated photoperiodic conditions of 50 and 60°N latitude to evaluate the effect of seed mass on germination and seedling growth characteristics. Seeds of each population were classified into 1-mg mass classes, and the four classes per population with the highest frequencies were used. Photoperiod had minimal influence on seed mass effects. Overall, seed mass was positively related to the number of cotyledons and hypocotyl height. Populations differed significantly in seed mass effect on biomass. In northern populations (55–61°N), dry mass at the end of the first growing season was little affected by seed mass. However, dry mass in 9 of 15 central populations (54–48°N) and all southern (<45°N) populations correlated positively with seed mass. Relative growth rate was not related to seed mass within or across populations, and thus early growth is largely determined by seed mass. Relative growth rate also did not differ among populations, except for a geographically isolated Turkish population with the highest seed mass and lowest relative growth rate. After one growing season, height was positively correlated (r2 > 0.6) with seed mass in 15 populations. To check the duration of seed mass effects, height growth of 1- to 7-year-old field experiments established with the same seed lots were compared. Seed mass effects on height were strongest for 1-year-old seedlings and declined or disappeared by the age of 5–7 years among central and southern populations, but remained stable over that time in northern populations.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Der Werf ◽  
C.T. Enserink ◽  
A.L. Smit ◽  
R. Booij

Young vegetative Brussels sprout and leek plants were grown in a growth chamber at a light intensity of 550 micro mol m-2 s-1 or at only 20% of that intensity. In both light treatments, Brussels sprouts had a relative growth rate (RGR) ~90% higher than that of leeks, which was mainly explained by a higher leaf area ratio (LAR; msuperscript 2/kg plant). Only minor differences in the physiological component (net assimilation rate) were observed between the 2 species within a light treatment. The higher LAR of Brussels sprouts was mainly explained by higher specific leaf area. Brussels sprouts had a higher rate of biomass production per unit internal N (N productivity) than leeks. This was mainly explained by a higher allocation of N to leaves and a higher rate of biomass production per unit leaf N. It is suggested that the higher biomass production per unit of N taken up in Brussels sprouts than leeks as observed in the field is explained by higher N productivity. The results obtained from the growth chamber studies are discussed in relation to field experiments and data from the literature.


Author(s):  
А.И. Новиков

Выбор механизированной технологии сепарации семян сосны обыкновенной зависит от наибольшей вероятности получения положительного результата при онтогенезе на ранней стадии. Исследований, содержащих сведения о росте и развитии сеянцев, полученных из семян, одновременно сепарированных по цвету и размеру, достаточно мало. Объектом наблюдения послужила технология сепарации, а предметом сеянцы сосны обыкновенной в течение первого вегетационного периода в открытом грунте. Сеянцы получены по контейнерной технологии из семян, сепарированных на стандартном оптическом сепараторе на три группы, а затем каждая цветосеменная группа разделена на стандартном решетном сепараторе еще на две размерные группы с использованием решет с круглыми отверстиями 2,5 и 3,5 мм. Ротация сеянцев, включая высев и агротехнический уход, проведена на стандартном оборудовании Воронежского лесного селекционносеменоводческого центра в период с мая по октябрь 2017 года. Полученные сеянцы шести цветоразмерных групп сразу высаживали под меч Колесова в дно борозды на испытательном участке. Участок расположен на пирогенно нарушенных землях Левобережного лесничества Учебноопытного лесхоза Воронежского государственного лесотехнического университета им. Г.Ф. Морозова. На первом ювенильном этапе 2018 г. контролировали высоту и приживаемость сеянцев с мая по сентябрь периодичностью один раз в 33 34 сут. Результаты обрабатывали методами биометрического анализа. Вычисляли относительную скорость роста сеянцев, а также асимметрию и эксцесс распределения вариант высот. Установлено, что при проектировании устройств для экспрессанализа и сортировки семян и разработке алгоритма процесса предпосевной обработки необходимо учитывать влияние как качественных, так и количественных параметров. Например, для аэросева статистически значимо сепарировать крупные темные семена, сеянцы из которых обладают высокими значениями относительной скорости роста и приживаемости. Для обеспечения оптимальной площади питания и классификации для производства контейнерных сеянцев статистически значимо сепарировать светлые крупные и темные мелкие, как дающие сеянцы с максимальной и минимальной высотами соответственно. Результаты исследования в определенной степени согласуются с ранее известными данными об онтогенезе сосны обыкновенной, уточняя их на стадии предпосевной подготовки особенностями влияния одновременной сепарации семян по спектрометрическим и размерным признакам на рост и развитие сеянцев. Следует отметить, что остается множество вопросов, требующих дополнительных изысканий: остается ли характер распределения параметров сеянцев постоянным на последующих стадиях онтогенеза или полученные данные имеют единичный характер Не является ли изменчивость фактора высоты сеянцев результатом влияния только внешних факторов Нарушается ли генетическое разнообразие репродуктивного материала при такой технологии The choice of mechanized technology of Scots pine seeds grading is depends on the highest probability of obtaining a positive result at an early stage ontogenesis. However, very little information about seedlings growth and relative growth rate from seeds simultaneously graded by color and size. The object of observation was the seeds grading technology, and the subject Scots pine seedlings during the first growing season on the open ground site. Seeds graded by standard optical separator into three color groups and then each group graded by standard screen separator into two size groups using a sieve with round holes of 2.5 and 3.5 mm. The rotation of container grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings, including planting and cultural care, carried out on standard equipment of the Voronezh forest selection seedgrowing centre in the period from may to October 2017. The resulting containergrown seedlings of six groups were immediately planted under the sword of Kolesov in the bottom of the furrow on the test site. The site is located on the pyrogenic disturbed lands of the leftBank forestry of the educational and experimental forestry of the Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov. At the first juvenile stage of 2018, the height and survival of seedlings were controlled from may to September, once every 33 34 days. The results were processed by biometric analysis. The relative growth rate of seedlings was calculated, as well as the asymmetry and kurtosis of the height distribution. It is established that the design of devices for rapid analysis and sorting of seeds and the development of the algorithm of pretreatment process must take into account the influence of both qualitative and quantitative parameters. For example, it is statistically significant to separate large dark seeds for aerial seeding, the seedlings of which have high values of the relative growth rate and survival rate. In order to provide optimal feeding area and classification for container seedling production, it is statistically significant to separate light large and dark small as giving seedlings with maximum and minimum heights, respectively. The results of the study are to some extent consistent with the previously known data on the ontogenesis of Scots pine, specifying them at the stage of presowing preparation features of the effect of simultaneous separation of seeds by spectrometric and dimensional characteristics on the growth and development of seedlings. It should be noted that there are many questions that require additional research: whether the nature of the distribution of the parameters of seedlings remains constant in the subsequent stages of ontogenesis or the data obtained Is the variability of the seedling height factor a result of the influence of external factors only Is the genetic diversity of reproductive material impaired by this technology


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Eli Carlos de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Henrique Campos de Almeida ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Teresa Losada Valle ◽  
José Roberto Pinto de Souza ◽  
...  

Vegetative canopy architecture, and plant population density, has a direct influence on the growth and production of crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of four cassava cultivars of contrasting canopies, in four population densities, during two vegetative cycles. A randomized complete block design was used in a subdivided plot scheme, with two replications, with the population densities in the plots and harvesting times in the subplots. ‘Branca de Santa Catarina’ (BSC), ‘IAC 13’, ‘IAC 14-18’ and ‘Fibra’ were collected every four months, beginning at 120 and ending at 720 days after planting (DAP). Primary data on dry matter and leaf area were calculated. The total dry mass (Wt), leaf area ratio (La), leaf area index (L), relative growth rate (Rw), and net assimilation rate (Ea) were calculated based on the primary data. All cultivars accumulated more total dry mass (Wt) at lower planting densities. The plants reached a higher leaf area ratio (La) 120 days after planting. In the second vegetative cycle, the four cultivars, independently of the population, presented a reduction of assimilate translocation to the leaves. Relative growth rate (Rw) of the cultivars varied strongly with the plant population only in the second cycle. ‘IAC 14-18’ showed greater dependence on spacing, and ‘Fibra’ less dependence. Growth (Rw) and assimilatory (Ea) rates decreased at the end of the first cycle, then increased slowly until the end of the second cycle of vegetation.


2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. CORDAZZO

The effect of seed mass on germination and growth was tested in fresh-seeds of Blutaparon portulacoides, Panicum racemosum, and Spartina ciliata, selected at random in southern Brazilian populations. The seed mass varied within a population of the three species. Both B. portulacoides and P. racemosum showed normal frequency distribution of seed mass, while S. ciliata did not. Significant differences were observed in seed germination between large and small seeds of all species. In all species the capacity of seedling elongation was greater in seedlings of large seeds than those of small ones. Relative growth rate of seedlings of P. racemosum and S. ciliata decreased with time in all seed mass size-classes. On the other hand, the relative growth rate of B. portulacoides seedlings increased during the first 40 days. Seed mass is an important biological factor, affecting seed germination, seedling elongation, and growth of these species, and favoring large seeds, specially in areas of active sand accretion like coastal dunes.


2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Yang ◽  
Fude Liu ◽  
Lingyan Zhou ◽  
Shiting Zhang ◽  
Shuqing An

Abstract:We performed a pot experiment in which 540 seedlings of nine non-pioneer light-demanding tree species were grown for 12 months in shade houses at three light levels, 46% daylight, 13% daylight and 2% daylight, to examine the mechanisms contributing to the coexistence of seedlings of non-pioneer light-demanding tree species in secondary successional tropical rain forest in Hainan, China. Growth and survival of tree seedlings were compared at different light levels, and the morphological and physiological correlates of high-light seedling growth and low-light survival across species were determined. For all species, mortality was very low in the 46% daylight and 13% daylight treatment but increased significantly in the 2% daylight treatment. Seedling survival in 2% daylight treatment was positively related to seed mass. Trade-off between high-light growth and low-light survival was more evident in the relationship with 2% daylight treatment as compared with 13% daylight treatment. Relative growth rate in the 2% daylight treatment was not significantly related to relative growth rate in the 13% daylight or 46% daylight treatment; although a slight negative correlation was apparent. Interspecific variation in RGRm was only closely correlated with net assimilation rate (NAR). The results provide some support for the niche-partitioning hypothesis.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Vasseur ◽  
George Wang ◽  
Justine Bresson ◽  
Rebecca Schwab ◽  
Detlef Weigel

AbstractBackgroundThe model species Arabidopsis thaliana has extensive resources to investigate intraspecific trait variability and the genetic bases of ecologically relevant traits. However, the cost of equipment and software required for high-throughput phenotyping is often a bottleneck for large-scale studies, such as mutant screening or quantitative genetics analyses. Simple tools are needed for the measurement of fitness-related traits, like relative growth rate and fruit production, without investment in expensive infrastructures. Here, we describe methods that enable the estimation of biomass accumulation and fruit number from the analysis of rosette and inflorescence images taken with a regular camera.ResultsWe developed two models to predict plant dry mass and fruit number from the parameters extracted with the analysis of rosette and inflorescence images. Predictive models were trained by sacrificing growing individuals for dry mass estimation, and manually measuring a fraction of individuals for fruit number at maturity. Using a cross-validation approach, we showed that quantitative parameters extracted from image analysis predicts more 90% of both plant dry mass and fruit number. When used on 451 natural accessions, the method allowed modelling growth dynamics, including relative growth rate, throughout the life cycle of various ecotypes. Estimated growth-related traits had high heritability (0.65 < H2 < 0.93), as well as estimated fruit number (H2 = 0.68). In addition, we validated the method for estimating fruit number with rev5, a mutant with increased flower abortion.ConclusionsThe method we propose here is based on the automated computerization of plant images with ImageJ, and subsequent statistical modelling in R. It allows plant biologists to measure growth dynamics and fruit number in hundreds of individuals with simple computing steps that can be repeated and adjusted to a wide range of laboratory conditions. It is thus a flexible toolkit for the measurement of fitness-related traits in large plant populations.


2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson ◽  
James J. Germida ◽  
Richard E. Farrell ◽  
Diane J. Knight

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