scholarly journals Measurements of the low-energy neutron and gamma ray accompaniment of extensive air showers in the knee region of primary cosmic ray spectrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Shepetov ◽  
Alexander Chubenko ◽  
Bachtiyar Iskhakov ◽  
Olga Kryakunova ◽  
Orazaly Kalikulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Knee Region ◽  
Energy Neutron

ENERGY ESTIMATION OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAY PHOTONS BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 3953-3964
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
D. KOUTSOKOSTA ◽  
O. MALANDRAKI ◽  
H. ROSAKI-MAVROULI
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) (E ≥ 5 × 1019 eV ) are detected through Extensive Air Showers that are created when a primary cosmic ray particle interacts with the atmosphere of the Earth. The energy of the primary particle can be estimated experimentally based on simulations. In this paper, we attempt to estimate the energy of UHECR gamma ray photons by applying a Monte Carlo simulation code and we compare the results with the ones derived in our previous papers for hadron initiated showers. The scenario of simulations is adapted to the P. Auger Observatory site.

Cosmic Ray Composition in the `Knee' Region Deduced from the Lateral Distribution of Cerenkov Light Emitted in Extensive Air Showers

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 622-624
Author(s):  
Min Zha ◽  
Tsang Chueng ◽  
Lin-kai Ding ◽  
Xiao-yu Gao ◽  
Qing-xi Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Knee Region ◽  
Cerenkov Light

The cosmic ray primary composition at the knee region from lateral distributions of atmospheric C˘erenkov photons in extensive air showers

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
H TOKUNO ◽  
F KAKIMOTO ◽  
S OGIO ◽  
D HARADA ◽  
Y KURASHINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Knee Region ◽  
Primary Composition

scholarly journals Latest Cosmic Ray Results from IceTop and IceCube

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Karen Andeen ◽  
Matthias Plum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Future Plans

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the geographic South Pole, with its surface array IceTop, detects three different components of extensive air showers: the total signal at the surface, low energy muons on the periphery of the showers, and high energy muons in the deep In Ice array of IceCube. These measurements enable determination of the energy spectrum and composition of cosmic rays from PeV to EeV energies, the anisotropy in the distribution of cosmic ray arrival directions, the muon density of cosmic ray air showers, and the PeV gamma-ray flux. Furthermore, IceTop can be used as a veto for the neutrino measurements. The latest results from these IceTop analyses will be presented along with future plans.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aab ◽  
P. Abreu ◽  
M. Aglietta ◽  
E. J. Ahn ◽  
I. Al Samarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Signal ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers

Low-energy muons in extensive air showers at 800 g cm−2

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S131-S135 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Chatterjee ◽  
N. V. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
G. T. Murthy ◽  
S. Naranan ◽  
B. V. Sreekantan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Average Total Number ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electron Photon ◽  
Photon Component ◽  
Lateral Structure ◽  
Right Ascension

The following results on the low-energy (> 0.6 GeV and > 1.0 GeV) muons in air showers of size 105 to 2 × 107 at Ootacamund (800 g cm−2) are obtained: (1) The average total number of muons [Formula: see text] varies as Ne0.32 ± 0.2 for 105 < Ne < 106, and as Ne0.8 ± 0.15for 106 < Ne < 2 × 107. (2) In showers showing flat electron lateral structure, the [Formula: see text] variation with Ne is similar to (1). However, in steep showers, [Formula: see text] varies as Ne0.75 ± 0.15 in the whole size range 105 to 2 × 107. (3) "Muon-rich" showers of size < 106 have less energy in the electron–photon component compared to "normal" showers. No such difference is found for showers of size > 106. (4) There is a slight indication of a deficiency of muon-rich showers having a flat lateral distribution of electrons in the right ascension interval 15–21 hours for showers of size 106–107. A similar deficit of showers was observed by the Tokyo group for muon-rich showers in the same RA interval.

scholarly journals Investigating the influence of diffractive interactions on ultrahigh-energy extensive air showers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (26) ◽  
pp. 1850153 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Arbeletche ◽  
V. P. Gonçalves ◽  
M. A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Models ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elasticity Number

The understanding of the basic properties of the ultrahigh-energy extensive air showers is dependent on the description of hadronic interactions in an energy range beyond that probed by the LHC. One of the uncertainties present in the modeling of air showers is the treatment of diffractive interactions, which are dominated by nonperturbative physics and usually described by phenomenological models. These interactions are expected to affect the development of the air showers, since they provide a way of transporting substantial amounts of energy deep in the atmosphere, modifying the global characteristics of the shower profile. In this paper, we investigate the impact of diffractive interactions in the observables that can be measured in hadronic collisions at high energies and ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray interactions. We consider three distinct phenomenological models for the treatment of diffractive physics and estimate the influence of these interactions on the elasticity, number of secondaries, longitudinal air shower profiles and muon densities for proton-air and iron-air collisions at different primary energies. Our results demonstrate that even for the most recent models, diffractive events have a non-negligible effect on the observables and that the distinct approaches for these interactions, present in the phenomenological models, still are an important source of theoretical uncertainty for the description of the extensive air showers.

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