scholarly journals Entropy driven transformations of statistical hypersurfaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
Mario Angelelli ◽  
Boris Konopelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Differential Relation ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
The Law

Deformations of geometric characteristics of statistical hypersurfaces governed by the law of growth of entropy are studied. Both general and special cases of deformations are considered. The basic structure of the statistical hypersurface is explored through a differential relation for the variables, and connections with the replicator dynamics for Gibbs’ weights are highlighted. Ideal and super-ideal cases are analyzed, while considering their integral characteristics.

On the Legitimacy of Expectations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brown
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Complex Theory ◽  
Role Responsibility ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

Section I identifies the weaknesses in existing accounts which locate the legitimacy of expectations in underpinning laws and legal entitlements (the Law-Based Account), in the substantive justice of expectations and/or the justice of the basic structure which forms the background to expectations (the Justice-Based Account), or in the legitimacy of the governing agencies and political authorities whose acts and omissions are both the cause and the subject of expectations (the Legitimate Authority-Based Account). Section II introduces a rival account, the Responsibility-Based Account, according to which the legitimacy of expectations depends on the responsibility of governmental administrative agencies for bringing about agent’s expectations, allied to those agencies already having been given or having assumed a role responsibility for making binding decisions affecting the important interests of agents. Finally, Section III expounds in more detail the complex theory of responsibility that undergirds the Responsibility-Based Account.

scholarly journals Geometric Mappings under the Perturbed Extension Operators in Complex Systems Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chaojun Wang ◽  
Yanyan Cui ◽  
Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Unit Ball ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Complex Variables ◽  
Several Complex Variables ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Hartogs Domains

In this paper, we mainly seek conditions on which the geometric properties of subclasses of biholomorphic mappings remain unchanged under the perturbed Roper-Suffridge extension operators. Firstly we generalize the Roper-Suffridge operator on Bergman-Hartogs domains. Secondly, applying the analytical characteristics and growth results of subclasses of biholomorphic mappings, we conclude that the generalized Roper-Suffridge operators preserve the geometric properties of strong and almost spiral-like mappings of typeβand orderα,SΩ⁎(β,A,B)as well as almost spiral-like mappings of typeβand orderαunder different conditions on Bergman-Hartogs domains. Sequentially we obtain the conclusions on the unit ballBnand for some special cases. The conclusions include and promote some known results and provide new approaches to construct biholomorphic mappings which have special geometric characteristics in several complex variables.

scholarly journals Probability of infectious disease in humans during epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Karmishin ◽  
IV Borisevich ◽  
VI Skvortsova ◽  
AA Goryaev ◽  
SM Yudin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Biological Object ◽  
Epidemiological Modeling ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Infective Dose ◽  
The Law ◽  
Generalized Time

Popular SIR models and their modifications used to generate predictions about epidemics and, specifically, the COVID-19 pandemic, are inadequate. The aim of this study was to find the laws describing the probability of infection in a biological object. Using theoretical methods of research based on the probability theory, we constructed the laws describing the probability of infection in a human depending on the infective dose and considering the temporal characteristics of a given infection. The so-called generalized time-factor law, which factors in the time of onset and the duration of an infectious disease, was found to be the most general. Among its special cases are the law describing the probability of infection developing by some point in time t, depending on the infective dose, and the law that does not factor in the time of onset. The study produced a full list of quantitative characteristics of pathogen virulence. The laws described in the study help to solve practical tasks and should lie at the core of mathematical epidemiological modeling.

10. Visitors: entry for temporary purposes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Clayton ◽  
Georgina Firth ◽  
Caroline Sawyer ◽  
Rowena Moffatt ◽  
Helena Wray
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
General Conditions

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter discusses the law relating to individuals coming to the UK as visitors for short-term or finite purposes such as tourism, business visits, sporting and entertainment engagements, or for private medical treatment. There is a discussion of the withdrawal, reinstatement, and restriction of rights of appeal for those visiting family members in the UK, and the application of Article 8 ECHR to these situations. The revised visitor rules in Appendix V are described in detail. The chapter also discusses the special cases of marriage visitors, carers and transit visitors, and general conditions such as prohibited activities and the need for maintenance and accommodation.

scholarly journals Efficiency of coding in macaque vocal communication

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Semple ◽  
Minna J. Hsu ◽  
Govindasamy Agoramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Coding Efficiency ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Law ◽  
Human Primate

A key characteristic of human language efficiency is that more frequently used words tend to be shorter in length—the ‘law of brevity’. To date, no test of this relationship between frequency of use and length has been carried out on non-human animal vocal communication. We show here that the vocal repertoire of the Formosan macaque ( Macaca cyclopis ) conforms to the pattern predicted by the law of brevity, with an inverse relationship found between call duration and rate of utterance. This finding provides evidence for coding efficiency in the vocal communication system of this species, and indicates commonality in the basic structure of the coding system between human language and vocal communication in this non-human primate.

8. Law, Constitutions, and Federalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines how laws, constitutions, and federalism provide structure to the context of political life. It first considers the importance of constitutions in determining the basic structure of the state and the fundamental rights of citizens that they establish before asking whether the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is Western-centric. It then explores different ways in which states may attempt to realize justice in applying the law, with particular emphasis on differences between Islamic and Western practice. It also discusses the importance of constitutional courts, the ways that the institution of federalism contains the powers of the state and manage diverse societies, and consociationalism as an alternative approach to managing such diversity. Finally, it comments on the increasing legalization of political life.

10. Visitors: entry for temporary purposes

2021 ◽  
pp. 370-384
Author(s):  
Gina Clayton ◽  
Georgina Firth ◽  
Caroline Sawyer ◽  
Rowena Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
General Conditions

This chapter discusses the law relating to individuals coming to the UK as visitors for short-term or finite purposes such as tourism, business visits, sporting and entertainment engagements, or for private medical treatment. There is a discussion of the withdrawal, reinstatement, and restriction of rights of appeal for those visiting family members in the UK, and the application of Article 8 ECHR to these situations. The revised visitor rules in Appendix V are described in detail. The chapter also discusses the special cases of marriage visitors, carers and transit visitors, and general conditions such as prohibited activities and the need for maintenance and accommodation.

ANALYSIS OF THE AUTHORITY OF CAPITAL MARKETS BOARD TO IMPOSE ADMINISTRATIVE FINES IN CAPITAL MARKET LAW BASED ON RELEVANT PROVISIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 218-234
Author(s):  
Ahmet TOK
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Market Abuse ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Administrative Sanction ◽  
Made In

The aim of this paper is to analyze the legal infrastructure of the authority of administrative fines that imposes by Capital Markets Board in the Capital Markets Law No. 6362 (CML/Law). General principles of administrative fines are regulated in the first paragraph of Article 103 of the Law while special cases of administrative fines are regulated in the following paragraphs of the same article and in Article 104. Violation of take-over bid obligation, non-deliver of net gain to the issuer, passive transfer pricing regulation, withholding information and document, preventing the auditing and market abuse actions can be mentioned among special cases. In our study, the purpose of the administrative fine, the problem to whom the administrative fine will be applied, the problems encountered in the practice related to the subject, the current amendments made in the law especially the regulation on the administrative fines that imposed for legal entities, legal ways to be applied against the administrative sanction decision and the issues on which administrative fines are imposed in practice are also investigated. Finally it is aimed to contribute to doctrine and practice.

Intergenerational Cultural Transmission as an Evolutionary Game

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Global Stability ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Potential Games ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Cultural Traits

We generalize the Bisin-Verdier model of intergenerational transmission to permit an arbitrary number of cultural traits. A key observation—that this model is equivalent to an evolutionary game under replicator dynamics—facilitates our analysis. For two special cases, obtained by restricting the pattern of “cultural distastes” between traits, we demonstrate global stability of the long-run distribution of traits using recent results on stable games and potential games. For the general three-trait case, we show that all three traits survive in the long run only if each trait satisfies an “invasion condition” involving the cultural distaste parameters. (JEL C73, D91, Z13)

scholarly journals Responsibility for Another’s Debt: Suretyship, Solidarity, and Imperfect Delegation

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-255
Author(s):  
Michelle Cumyn
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Evolution ◽  
Civil Code Of Quebec ◽  
Analogous Complex ◽  
The Law

Legal evolution is often achieved by taking a fresh look at venerable institutions whose interpretation has become thwarted, constricted, or stale. Presumptions established to protect debtors and sureties at articles 1525 and 2335 of the Civil Code of Québec have prevented jurists from borrowing freely from the rules of solidarity and suretyship. Where one person is undoubtedly responsible for the debt of another, even in the absence of a suretyship agreement, the author argues it should be possible to apply the law of suretyship by analogy. Where two persons are each liable to perform the same obligation in full, it is likewise appropriate to apply the rules of solidarity. The author’s analysis proceeds in three parts: an introduction of the basic structure of suretyship and solidarity (Part I), a discussion of important differences in the law of suretyship and solidarity (Part II), and an argument that the solidarity and suretyship models should be used to illuminate analogous complex relations where multiple persons are responsible for the same debt (Part III). More specifically, in the situation of imperfect delegation, where a person assumes liability to a creditor for payment of a debt owed by another, but the original debtor is not discharged and remains liable in case of non-payment by the new debtor, it is appropriate to apply by analogy the law of suretyship.

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