REVIEWING EXISTING POLICIES FOR UNLEASHING AND FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450016 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SHERIFF ◽  
MORENO MUFFATTO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
African Community ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Public Policies are vital for unleashing and fostering entrepreneurship in every society. This paper reviewed the national policies for the promotion and support of productive entrepreneurial activities aimed at enhancing the achievement of entrepreneurial economic growth in three countries in Africa. This is an explorative multiple case study that has used national and international documents and reports to examine the state and nature of the entrepreneurship policies in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. The selected countries are all members of the East African Community. The findings revealed what has been accomplished and what challenges policymakers face in improving entrepreneurial performance. The comparison showed the major similarities and dissimilarities between countries and which countries are performing fairly well in specific policy areas. From the findings, an entrepreneurship policy framework was developed that takes into account the type and level of entrepreneurship being practiced. This could be useful to policymakers taking into consideration that entrepreneurship exists in the formal and informal sectors at the national level. At the regional level, the similarities of policies could be a starting point for a regional entrepreneurship policy because entrepreneurial economic growth of countries and regions is a strong indicator of successful entrepreneurship policies.

ASSESSING AFRICAN REGIONAL INVESTMENT INSTRUMENTS AND INVESTOR–STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-232
Author(s):  
Mmiselo Freedom Qumba
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
African Community ◽  
The Common ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
Investment Agreements

AbstractThis article examines the rejection of the International Investor–State dispute (ISDS) system across the African continent and its replacement with a range of domestic and regional alternatives. It assesses the advantages of the two principal options for African countries: retaining the current ISDS system, or using local courts and regional tribunals. To this end, the dispute resolution mechanisms proposed in the Pan-African Investment Code, the 2016 Southern African Development Community Finance and Investment Protocol, the SADC model BIT, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Economic Community of West African States and East African Community investment agreements and domestic approaches are critically examined. The argument is then advanced that African countries should not abandon ISDS because replacing it with isolated domestic or regional mechanisms does not reduce any of the risks. In particular, for foreign investors, the risk associated with the adjudication of investment disputes in potentially biased, politically influenced domestic courts may prove too high. African host nations, in turn, risk sending out the wrong message concerning their commitment to the protection of foreign investments. Instead of veering off course, perhaps the time has come for African States to display the political will to remain within the ISDS system and contribute to its reform from within.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship Between Financial Integration and Economic Growth in the East African Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Onesmus Mutunga Nzioka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Community ◽  
African Community ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
Gross Capital Flows ◽  
The Relationship

This study set out to investigate the relationship between financialintegration and economic growth in the EAC community states. Secondarydata on financial integration and GDP was obtained from worldbank and theEast African Community(EAC) community secretariat. The data wassubjected to simple linear regression and correlation analysis to achieve theset objective. The study found that, Gross capital flow to GDP (financialopenness) is positively correlated to economic growth (r=0.2093, p <0.05).The study also found that, 3.98% of the variations in economic growth, asmeasured by GDP per capita, within the countries are explained by financialintegration, as measured by the ratio of gross capital flows, 38.98% of thevariations in economic growth between the countries are explained byfinancial integration while 4.38% of the variations in economic growth of theEast African communityEAC as an economic bloc (considering panel data)are explained by financial integration. The findings confirm that, whencapital flows increase, economic growth also increases, pointing to thenecessity of the East African member states to explore ways of increasing thecapital flows between the countries. The researcher recommends conductingof a comparative study between the old and the new EAC to establishwhether the inclusion of Rwanda and Burundi, has had any positive impact(catalyzed) on the level of financial integration and economic growth.

scholarly journals Food and Nutrition Security in East Africa (Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania): Status, Challenges and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N.I. Lokuruka
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
African Community

Achieving food and nutrition security remains a tall order for developing countries. The FAO, IFPRI, WFP, UNICEF and other international bodies continue to provide active support in order to achieve global food and nutrition security. However, low technological capability, inefficient production, insignificant economic growth, increasing populations and lately climate variability, affect food production, leading to either stagnation or modest gains in food and nutrition security in different regions of the World. For African countries, food and nutrition security continues to improve, albeit at a slow pace, although the recent breakout of COVID-19 is bound to lead to a decline in food production, in the short and mid-term. In the East African Community, political stability, ambitious economic planning, the quest for higher agricultural productivity, improving educational achievement, improving sanitation and health, are contributing to the improving food and nutrition security. To hasten the process, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania embraced Vision 2030, Vision 2040 and Vision 2025, respectively. These grand, socio-economic plans bore Vision 2050 in the East African Community and Vision 2063 for the African Union. This chapter examines food and nutrition security in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, and provides country-specific recommendations for achieving it. These include investing in agriculture, decelerating population growth, using adaptive research to solve farmer-problems, strengthening farmer-organizations and the formation of cooperatives.

Sustainable Development Goals and Their Implication on Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Mangasini Atanasi Katundu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
East African ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
East African Community ◽  
African Community ◽  
Development Goals

The MDGs have been criticised for being too narrow and leaving out many people and their needs, like mental health. Likewise, not all MDGs were implemented successfully in all countries. Some countries implemented one or two MDGs of their choice and left others untouched, others partially implemented all MDGs. It was on this basis that the UN member states met in Rio to frame the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, in order for the SDGs to address systemic challenges across economic, social, and ecological dimensions of sustainable development they require appropriate institutional support to effectively integrate them into institutions and practices, to coordinate activities, and to mobilize resources for implementation. Rising income inequality negatively impacts economic growth and is threatening sustainable development of East African Community (EAC) member states. Since, the SDGs are many, it is recommended that, East African Member states should adopt a targeted approach in implementing the SDGs and focus on the smallholder farming sector.

Gendering Environment and Climate Change in the Economic Community of West African States & the East African Community: Why Representation Matters

2021 ◽  
pp. 003464462110367
Author(s):  
Naaborle Sackeyfio ◽  
Amadu Jacky Kaba
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
West African ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
African Community

The heightened prospect of a “rising Africa” stems from multiple developments across the continent. Technological innovation, economic empowerment, increasing female leadership, and more continue to raise the fortunes of African countries. As regional economic communities engage with Agenda 2063, an ambitious endeavor to support and sustain economic development, a gendering environment is pivotal to any ensuing progress. Using the case studies of two regional organizations, our research examines the pace of political representation of women in relevant environmental committees in the Economic Community of West African States and the East African Community. In an epoch where women constitute half of the continent, the case for female representation to combat ecological challenges propelled by the securitization of environmental issues is paramount.

scholarly journals Regionalism and Regional Politics of African States (on the Example of the Countries of the East African Community)

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
V.R. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Economic Association ◽  
African Community ◽  
High Level

The subject of the study was the East African Commonwealth, an economic association that currently unites Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda and Southern Sudan. Particular attention is paid to the integration processes in Africa in the post-colonial period, the doctrine of federalism in the political discourse of African countries, the causes of the crisis and the dissolution of the EAC in the seventies of the last century, as well as the economic and political reasons for reintegration of YOU. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the EAC from an economic alliance to a political one and the prospect of forming a federative state on the basis of the SAC. The author identifies the factors that led to the economic consolidation of the EAC, as well as those determinants of development of the commonwealth, which make it extremely difficult to form a unified federal state in East Africa. It is concluded that the further regionalization of the African continent and the realization of the federal project in East Africa will be hindered by such factors as the high level of conflict in the EAC member countries, tribalism, cultural, confessional and linguistic heterogeneity, and the ambition of leaders and political elites.

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