A NEW MODEL OF THE LEARNING PROCESS FOR INNOVATION TEAMS: NETWORKED NOMINAL PAIRS

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT DEW ◽  
GREG HEARN

This paper examines how to structure resource-constrained innovation teams in order to maximise learning and creativity within organisations. Past research suggest that nominal groups (based on independent operations by individuals) outperform interactive groups. The results of this study suggest hybrid group structures based on independent operating pairs can be as effective as nominal groups. The study segmented 672 business managers and university post-graduate students into nominal, hybrid and interactive groups of six members. Three groups (one of each structural type) were pitted against each other to solve 4 related puzzles as quickly as possible. The results of these 28 problem-solving task races were aggregated to determine which group structure was most productive. Overall, the results confirmed that nominal groups of six significantly outperform interactive groups of the same size. More importantly, however, the results showed no significant difference between the productivity of nominal groups of six and hybrid groups comprised of three interactive pairs, where each pair operated separately to complete the same puzzle in parallel with the rest of the group. This suggests that structuring innovation teams into networked, nominal pairs may be just as productive as purely nominal group structures. This significantly extends the existing research on nominal groups versus interactive groups as it suggests that completely eliminating interactivity is not the optimal management approach.

Pragmatics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene Harvey

This paper reports on patterns of verb choice in identifying relational clauses (e.g. ‘X is Y, Y is X’) in English technical manuals. While it is obvious that specific lexical verbs will feature in identifying clauses of different functions, e.g. mean (defining), call (naming), exemplify (exemplifying), less transparent is the distribution of these more specific verbs and the general or neutral verb be. The findings suggest that verb choice in (technical) identifying clauses is strongly associated with the degree of equivalence constructed between the two central nominal groups in the clause (the Token and Value). Equivalence relations are one-to-one (rather than one-to-many) and exhaustive (rather than semantically open). Major grammatical influences on equivalence include nominal group structure, ergativity of the clause, and the inclusion of features (e.g. interpersonal, logical or textual) that undermine the privileging of an experientially homogeneous world-view. The results challenge the notions that be and specific verbs are interchangeable and that be is an unmarked choice. On the contrary, the data reveal that under certain conditions be is the more marked choice. The results have practical implications for teachers and students of English (in particular, students of English for Academic and/or Specific Purposes) as well as translators.


HUMANIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Indah Suryadewi ◽  
I Made Netra ◽  
I Made Rajeg

This study entitled The English Nominal Group Structure with Special Reference to John Kerry and Ban Ki-Moon’s Speech is aimed to analyze the experiential structures and logical structure elements of nominal group used by John Kerry and Ban Ki-moon in their speech. The data were taken from the transcript of John Kerry and Ban Ki-moon’s speech at the United States Department of State in Washington, D.C. on February 14, 2013. Descriptive qualitative method was applied to analyze the experiential and logical structures of nominal group. The theory used to analyze it is the theory of Nominal Group proposed by Halliday and Matthiessen in the book entitled Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar the fourth edition. The result of analysis shows that in the experiential structure, T structure becomes the most frequent structure that occurs followed by D+T and D+T+Q structure. Meanwhile, in the logical structure, H and M are the logical structure elements found. Therefore, from the structures found, John Kerry and Ban Ki-moon’s nominal group structures have a simple construction and it emphasizes Thing without adding any information.


1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1283-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Holland ◽  
I. Bowskill ◽  
A. Bailey

The hypothesis that predictable differences would exist between the mean cognitive style of new entrants and those of the longer serving “established” employees in certain departments while not in others was tested. Data from 99 employees from four departments of a large British pharmaceuticals company who completed the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory provided results broadly in line with the expectations of adaption-innovation theory and past research. The mean innovative cognitive style of new entrants to adaptive departments regressed towards the mean of the establishment and the occupational mean over time. In departments where there was no initial significant difference between the mean cognitive style of the new entrants and the established group, no significant shift was shown over time. Implications of these findings are suggested. The data also indicated norms for two occupational groups where previously they did not exist.


Author(s):  
Nurin Izyani Othman ◽  
Hanan Umaira Ismail ◽  
Norazlina Mohammad ◽  
Norzalina Ghazali ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the current knowledge and attitude of deep caries removal method among dental students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods A total of 303 students (n = 303) responded to the online questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire was to evaluate the demographic data of the respondents and focused on the technique and management approach used for deep caries lesion. The second part investigated the preferred treatment used for deep caries based on the designated clinical case, while the third part assessed the factors that affected the decision on deep caries management. Statistical Analysis Independent t-test was used to compare difference between the two groups. Results Seventy four percent of the students have the knowledge of the different methods of caries removal, while 25.8% were only familiar with complete caries removal. The preferred method for deep caries removal in permanent teeth was partial caries removal (53%). For primary dentition, 45.6% of the students prefer to perform pulpotomy as compared with other techniques. There was no significant difference in caries removal method for permanent teeth between undergraduate year of study (p > 0.05), which was partial caries removal at 52.7 and 53.5%, respectively. For primary dentition, the preferred caries removal method was pulpotomy for year 4 (39.8%) and year 5 (52%) students. The popular material to restore deep caries was resin composite (42%) followed by glass ionomer cement (23.3%). Conclusions This study showed that partial caries removal was the preferred method despite partial understanding on the identification of the clinical indicators of the technique.


Author(s):  
Mark A. Anderson

Observable harm has been inflicted upon business by unethical decisions and misconduct. Much of this phenomenon can be traced to impoverished ethical attitudes. Among the various reasons for this problem is that of a manager's culture, which has a distinct influence on attitudes and behaviors. The purpose of this chapter was to determine, through empirical data, whether differences rooted in culture significantly contribute to differences in ethical attitudes. Management scholar Geert Hofstede's classification of cultural elements for understanding and explaining aspects of national culture was correlated with the ethical attitudes of business managers in the two national cultures of the United States and Mexico. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between national culture and ethical attitudes and the dultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation. A significant difference in ethical attitudes between managers from the United States and Mexico was also found.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Mirjana Borucinsky ◽  
Jana Kegalj

Complex nominal groups are common in technical English (i.e. English for Specific Purposes, ESP) as they allow lexical items to be tightly packed into a clause. This leads to increased lexical density and syntactic ambiguity. In this paper we analyze (complex) nominal groups in technical English, assuming that it is not only the context and extralinguistic knowledge (i.e. shared technical background that the ESP teacher does not necessarily possess) that help solve the syntactic ambiguity, but that the structure of the nominal group, or more precisely the position of modifiers within the group can help disambiguate the meaning. Thus, modifiers standing farthest from the head have the least specifying potential and are followed by those which restrict the meaning of the entire nominal group. In the example steam reciprocating engine (vs.*reciprocating steam engine) the participle reciprocating has a more specific meaning and is thus closer to the head of the nominal group. The results show how the type of modification (linear or non-linear) can help disambiguate complex nominal groups. The main contribution of the paper is to help the ESP teacher, who is not a specialist in the field of (marine) engineering, process, understand and successfully teach complex nominal groups.


Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Cortay ◽  
Tatiana Colchen ◽  
Pascal Fontaine ◽  
Alain Pasquet

Cannibalism occurs in many cultured fish species, especially at the larval and juvenile stages of piscivorous taxa. In farmed percid species, such as pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), intra-cohort cannibalism is a major issue inducing significant losses of the initial stocking density during the first weeks of rearing. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of perch larvae (Perca fluviatilis) as live prey on growth, survival and cannibalism in pikeperch larvae under experimental conditions. Additionally, zootechnical and behavioural variables linked to aggressiveness (S postures, attacks, bites and ingestion), and group structures were considered. The survival rate was not different between the two groups (72% with prey vs. 69% without prey), but the cannibalism rate was higher in the group with the prey (28% vs. 10%). The means of final weight and length of pikeperch larvae were higher in the group fed with perch larvae, but size heterogeneity measured by the coefficients of variation for these two parameters did not differ. The specific growth rate was higher in the group fed with perch larvae, but there was no difference between the two groups concerning Fulton’s condition factor. Among all the behavioural variables (aggressiveness, group structure), none differed between the two groups.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Thac Dang ◽  
Ninh Nguyen ◽  
Xiangzhi Bu ◽  
Jianming Wang

There has been growing interest among business managers and academics in corporate environmental responsibility (CER), which represents a company’s focus on its long-term sustainability and society. Past research, however, has reported inconsistent and mixed results with regard to the link between CER and firm performance. This study, therefore, proposes and validates a moderated mediation model of strategic similarity and organizational slack to better explain the relationship between CER and firm performance. Data were obtained from 260 listed firms in China from 2015 to 2017, resulting in 780 firm-year observations. Multivariate data analysis indicates that strategic similarity mediates the relationship between CER and firm performance. Furthermore, organizational slack moderates the relationship between CER and strategic similarity and the indirect effect of CER on firm performance through strategic similarity. The findings of this study provide insights for business managers attempting to understand and enhance the quality of their decision making regarding CER. Importantly, business managers should engage in CER activity and pursue strategic similarity to deal with pressure from stakeholders while following the competitive speed of competitors in the marketplace.


2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Grainger

The dominant form of group work in the Church of England is educational and directive. An investigation was carried out to determine whether other forms of group work could be valuable for the Church in addition to this approach. The same group of nine members, members of two Church of England parishes in the North of England, were involved in 12 sessions of group work, four sessions of each of the three types of group structure, in order for them to report their individual reactions to each type. An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) showed that all three kinds of groups drew attention to four principle areas of comment. In all these kinds of groups, belonging, safety, enrichment and personalvalidation, with each one of the three groups scoring more highly than the other two on one or other of these dimensions. No group showed itself as more directly educational than the others, showing that, for church educational purposes, a range of group structures maybe used as actual learning comes from the experience of group membership itself. Using the qualitative research model of IPA, an investigation was carried out into the principal themes emerging from members’ self-reports concerning their experiences of the three different group structures, revealing four value constructs – belonging or alienation, safety or danger, enrichment or impoverishment and validation or rejection – which played a dominant role in all three kinds of groups. Taken together, each of the three group structures gave a different degree of prominence to each of the four evaluative constructs so that each of the three was shown to be particularly relevant for, and associated with, a particular area of experiential learning.Die onderrig van Anglikane – ’n ondersoek na groepwerk in die Kerk van Engeland: ’n gevallestudie. Die belangrikste vorm van groepwerk in die Kerk van Engeland is opvoedkundig en rigtinggewend van aard. ’n Ondersoek is gedoen na die waarde van bykomende metodes van groepwerk. Dieselfde groep van nege lede uit twee gemeentes in die Noorde van Engeland, was by die 12 groepwerksessies betrokke – vier sessies vir elk van die drie tipes groepstrukture – om hulle in staat te stel om hulle onderskeie reaksies op elkeen van die tipes groepstrukture te rapporteer. ’n Interpretiewe fenomenologiese analise het aangetoon dat al drie tipes groepstrukture die soeklig op vier hoofkenmerke laat val het, naamlik om te behoort, veiligheid, verryking en bevestigingvan eiewaarde. By elke groep het een of meer van hierdie kenmerke swaarder geweeg as by die ander twee groepe. Geeneen van die groepe het opvoedkundig meer as die ander uitgestaan nie, wat bewys dat ’n reeks groepstrukture vir kerklike opvoedkundige doeleindes gebruik kan word, aangesien leer in wese uit die ervaring van die groeplede self kom. Met behulp van die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmodel van die interpretiewe fenomenologiese analise is ondersoek ingestel na die hooftemas soos blyk uit die lede se individuele verslae ten opsigte van hulle ervaring van die drie verskillende groepstrukture. Die verslae het vier waardekonsepte openbaar wat ’n dominante rol in al drie tipes groepe gespeel het, naamlik om te behoort of te vervreem, veiligheid of gevaar, verryking of verarming, en bevestiging van eiewaarde of verwerping. Samevattend blyk dat die drie groepstrukture elkeen ’n ander graad van prominensie aan die vier verskillende waardekonsepte toeken sodat elke groep spesifiek relevant is vir en geassosieer word met ’n spesifieke area van ervaringsleer.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Todd ◽  
A P Lapointe ◽  
S P Broglio

Abstract Purpose Past research has called for balance in the media when reporting on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in order to avoid harmful bias on the readers. The call to do no harm in reporting is based on concerns that the media’s representation of CTE has moved far beyond what researchers studying the disease are able to prove. This study aimed to use positive and negative word sentiments to directly compare journal articles with corresponding news articles in order to evaluate these concerns. Methods Research articles (n=7) directly associated with CTE that were heavily covered in the media, as well as associated media articles (n=7) from reputable news sites that covered only the associated article, were selected for the sample. The “AFINN” sentiment analysis dictionary rates the emotional valence of each word with an integer between minus three (negative) and plus three (positive). Words not recognized by the dictionary or with a zero weight were omitted from the analyses. Results The entire word list from journal articles weighted equally produced a mean sentiment of -1.001, while news articles using the same scale produce a mean of -0.746. However, when the means were weighted against word count, the mean sentiment score for journal articles was -0.135 and for news article -0.137. A paired t-test analysis of the weighted group of articles yielded no significant difference between the two groups before (p= 0.72) and after (p=0.69) the word count weighted analysis. Conclusion Despite recent calls for a less biased reporting of CTE in the mainstream media, this analysis indicates equal sentimental weighting between peer-reviewed journal articles and news reports on CTE, which each approached a value of zero (true neutrality).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document