ASSESSING PREFERENCES FOR COMPENSATION PACKAGES USING THE DISCRETE CHOICE METHOD: THE CASE OF THE BOLSA FLORESTA PROGRAM IN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350021
Author(s):  
ESSAM YASSIN MOHAMMED ◽  
INA PORRAS ◽  
MARYANNE GRIEG-GRAN ◽  
LUIZA LIMA ◽  
AFRIANO SOARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voluntary Program ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Choice Method

Natural ecosystems, including forest ecosystems, continue to be degraded or converted at an alarming rate. To complement or substitute regulatory approaches to ecosystem management, market-based instruments such as "payments for ecosystem services" (PES) have been introduced and are gaining popularity. One of the prominent PES schemes in the world is the Bolsa Floresta Program (BFP) in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The BFP was established by the Government of the State of Amazonas through its Secretariat for Environment and Sustainable Development in 2006 and is implemented by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation. The BFP, which is a voluntary program to reduce deforestation and promote sustainable development by rewarding the communities for changing their land use practices, has four main components: the Bolsa Floresta Income; Bolsa Floresta Social; Bolsa Floresta Family; and Bolsa Floresta Association. A study was conducted to assess the preferences of the participating households in three reserves, namely: Rio Negro, Juma, and Uatumã, for different payment packages with varying combinations of the bolsas relative to the status quo option. The discrete choice method and an open ended question format were used to elicit the preferences of the participant households. The discrete choice model results showed that the majority of the respondents (about 80 per cent) in the three reserves chose an alternative which offered a 20 per cent increase in direct cash payments to households as their most preferred alternative. On the other hand, the majority of respondents who were subjected to open question stated that they would like to see an increase in benefits that fall under the Bolsa Floresta Social category.

Hukum Denda dalam Keuangan Publik Islam di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Fathul Aminudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Fines are sanctions or punishments that are applied in the form of the obligation to pay a sum of money imposed on the denial of a number of agreements previously agreed upon. There is debate over the status of fines in Islamic law. Some argue that fines may not be used, and some argue that they may be used. In the context of fines for delays in payment of taxes, in fiqh law it can be analogous to ta'zir bi al-tamlīk (punishment for ownership). This can be justified if the tax obligations have met the requirements. Whereas according to Islamic teachings, fines can be categorized as acts in order to obey government orders as taught in the hadith, and in order to contribute to the realization of mutual benefit in the life of the state. As for the amount of the fine, the government cannot arbitrarily determine fines that are too large to burden the people. Penalties are applied as a message of reprimand and as a means to cover the lack of the state budget.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING ASSAM’S SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Pratyush Paras Sarma ◽  
Sagarmoy Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

Assam was the first state in India to have undertaken the Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a long-term guiding strategy for development. At the end of five years, before the state election, evaluating the work on SDGs in Assam is essential to follow up on the commitment of the government. But before we start evaluating the SDGs it is important to understand the development road Assam has taken over the last 100-150 years and why we must make a new turn. This study has tried to understand certain loopholes which have hampered the progress of SDGs in Assam along with how much Assam has been able to address its sustainability issues and how we can progress. We have reviewed the performance of the state based upon the official performance index released by NITI Aayog, Government of India. Our review of the index reflects that Assam has performed relatively poorer than the other states of the country. However, the ethnic culture of the region was deeply rooted in nature which the state can now adopt and harness to achieve its SDGs. KEYWORDS: Sustainable Development Goals; Assam Election; Indigenous Knowledge; Citizen Science; Polycentric Governance

scholarly journals Factors That Influence the Selection of the Solo Soemarmo Airport Train Mode

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Sapto Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Logical Regression ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Selection Of

The Government through the National Railway Master Plan has launched the development of the Airport Railway Network and Services to facilitate passenger mobility, one of which is the construction of the Adi Soemarmo Airport train. In April 2017 a groundbreaking project for the development of the Adi Soemarmo Airport, Boyolali District by the President of the Republic of Indonesia was scheduled to be operational in 2019. This study uses a discrete choice model to express the opportunities of each passenger to use the airport train. The research instruments were prepared using predictor variables developed from service dimensions according to Gaspers. The sample used was 200 respondents with random sampling techniques. The data collected is processed using a binary logical regression model because the response variable is in the form of a dichotomy. The results showed the accuracy of the train schedule and affordability of train fares affect the willingness to use airport trains.

Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: An Innovative Effort towards Sustainable Development (A Case Study of Uttarakhand)

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Atrey
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
State Government ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
The Government

Uttarakhand popularly known as Dev Bhumi is widely believed to be the source of the centuries old traditional system of medicine called Ayurveda. The State is blessed with thousand of species; however, about 320 species have been identified having commonly growing. The forest department has reported about 175 species being commercially extracted and traded. The State Government in 2003 declared Uttarakhand as an Herbal State. After declaration of Uttarakhand as an Herbal State, the government took initiatives for sustainable cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in a phased manner. As it is a newly formed state, Uttarakhand is being subject to many large projects especially hydroelectric projects, as part of development. These will adversely impact the forestland of the state. Many species of medicinal and aromatic plants have disappeared with the loss of oak forests. There is growing evidence that the many medicinal and aromatic plants species are declining in the wild. So the systematic cultivation of high value medicinal and aromatic plants under prevailing agro ecological condition is one of the sincere efforts in the direction of sustainable development. Recently the state Government has introduced several incentives and established The Herbal Research and Development Institute, State Medicinal Plants Board and Center for Aromatic Plants for the popularization of sustainable cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. In these circumstances, our major objective is to explore the potential in medicinal and aromatic plants cultivation in Uttarakhand.

scholarly journals Cultural policy and social practice in the regions of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Komissarov ◽  
Vladimir M. Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Components

The article analyzes the practical experience of the participation of the authors of the article in the development and implementation of the republican program for the implementation of the state cultural policy in the Republic of Dagestan. In terms of methodology, the analysis is based on the concept of regional cultural policy previously developed for this program in this subject of the Russian Federation (RF). It takes into account the most important provisions of the approved presidential "Fundamentals of the State Cultural Policy" in 2014, the government "Strategies of the State Cultural Policy for the period until 2030" in 2016, as well as other documents of strategic planning and programming of culture in the Russian Federation. The study showed that these documents require a significant update of the main components of cultural development programs in the regions of the Russian Federation. In this connection, the greatest attention is paid to the authors of the new goals and objectives of the state cultural policy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as indicators (indicators) of evaluating the effectiveness of implementing regional programs in general, the effectiveness of achieving goals and solving problems in its main areas (sub-programs), in particular.

scholarly journals STATE FISCAL SPACE RESEARCH FORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Ērika Žubule ◽  
Anita Puzule
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Economic Interpretation ◽  
Government Operation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Budgetary Expenditure

The scientific objective of the research is to carry out the country's fiscal space for the study of public finance policy affects the context of sustainable development. The selection and topicality of the research issue is justified by the fact that each country's sustainable development is affected by the government's policies. One of its main components is fiscal or budgetary policy. Traditionally, it is defined as the money required for setting revenue and expenditure policy that is needed to ensure the government operation, but the economic interpretation says it is the economy regulation system through taxes and government spending. It is emphasized that it is closely linked with the state's role in the redistribution of society profits, determining the state budget's proportion in the gross domestic product, defining objectives for the common tax burden, budgetary expenditure, allowable deficit, volume, and structure of the government debt. In addition, the concept of “fiscal space” correlating with application of the fiscal policy measures becomes topical. Thus, the government is able to influence income of both the society generally and certain groups of residents, their purchasing power and impact on economic development in general. It defines the need of concept fiscal space.

scholarly journals Language Policy of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Vesna Kosmajac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
State Language

This paper presents a sociolinguistic analysis of the current linguistic situation in the Russian Federation. Preservation and development of the Russian language represents the national interest of the state. The Russian language has the status of a state language, but, given the large number of ethnic groups living on the territory of Russia, it must not jeopardise other national languages, as this could lead to inter-ethnic conflicts. Some of the key issues Russia is currently facing in this field are: the process of globalisation, the uncontrolled penetration of anglicisms into the Russian language, the adverse impact of the Internet and social networks on literacy, especially with the younger population. All valid rules of the Russian orthography are, in fact, prescribed by the Government of The Russian Federation. Laws regulating the area of language policy are the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Law on the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation, and the Law on the State Language of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF FORMING ECOLOGICAL FRAMES OF TERRITORIES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Prokhorova ◽  
Zoran Govedar ◽  
Evgenya Moiseeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
The State ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Genetic Biodiversity ◽  
Diverse Groups

Modern approaches to the development of nature management are focused on the formation of a system of sustainable development of regions. Forest territories act as an edifier, which has a global impact on the state of all ecosystems under the conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure, reducing biodiversity and reducing the productivity of natural ecosystems When creating the ecological frameworks of territories, various research methods are proposed: information-analytical, comparative-geographical, the method of route survey of the territory, and cartographic. The reduction in the area of natural ecosystems leads to a significant reduction in the biodiversity of the most diverse groups of organisms. The extinction and significant reduction of species (very often even background for certain territories) leads to a decrease in genetic biodiversity, and, as a consequence, a disruption to evolutionary processes.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Speed Rail on Sustainable Development of Urban Tourism: Evidence from Discrete Choice Model of Chinese Tourists’ Preference for City Destinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10647
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Lingling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Discrete Choice Model ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Diffusion Effect ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Factors Affecting

In China, the opening of high-speed rails (HSR) brings significant changes to the source-destination spatial distance, the accessibility of destinations, and the spatial structure of tourist flows in each region, exerting varied HSR effects on different types of cities. Against this backdrop, it is meaningful to deeply explore tourists’ preference for city destinations in the light of HSR effects. The exploration could contribute greatly to the planning, marketing, management, and sustainable development of urban tourism. This paper takes Xiangtan and Yueyang as typical cases of the diffusion effect and the corridor effect of HSR. Firstly, the factors affecting destination choice were identified, and the attribute levels were configured, forming multiple virtual alternatives. Next, questionnaire surveys were carried out to collect tourists’ selections between each pair of alternatives. Further, a discrete choice model was constructed to assign a weight to each factor, reflecting its importance to tourists’ decision-making regarding their destination selection and to disclose the law of tourists’ preferences for destinations. The results showed that (1) Under the HSR diffusion effect, the top three factors affecting tourists’ preference for destinations in Xiangtan are convenience, connection time, and popularity; under HSR corridor effect, the top three factors affecting the tourists’ preference for destinations in Yueyang are reputation, convenience, and leisure and reception facilities (LRFs). (2) The destination preference is closely associated with personal features like gender, income, occupation, and fellow travelers. Tourists with different personal features give different attention to the various influencing factors. The research findings provide a reference for the sustainable development of urban tourism.

Provisions for Entitlement to Wages when Benefits are not Satisfied Contemporary Applications in Judicial Rulings Kuwait as a Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
Abdullatif Badr Al-Uthman
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The research contains a study of the legality of reducing wages in continuous contracts through the provisions of the status of pandemics in Islamic Sharia compared to commercial law in the State of Kuwait. The study also includes discussion about the relationship of wages to benefit and obligation in contracting, and a statement of the theory of emergency conditions, and the consequent obligation to pay the full rent, as happens at the time of closing the shops as a health precaution from the government, to mitigate the spreading the epidemic, and how does the tenant obligate the effects of the contract when he is unable to fully benefit? Especially since the period of precautionary measures has reached for several months, and debts and losses have accumulated on both parties, and judicial rulings have appeared in the court to reduce the rent of the property during the period of government closure, and here the comparison will be made between the provisions of Islamic Sharia, the Commercial Law, and the final rulings on the legality of reducing the rent.

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