Experimental Analysis of Multiple Scattering BRDF Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xie ◽  
James Bieron ◽  
Pieter Peers ◽  
Pat Hanrahan
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Ukyong Woo ◽  
Hajin Choi ◽  
Homin Song

In this study, we experimentally evaluated the application of multiple scattering theory for measuring ultrasonic attenuation. Based on the independent approximation theory, the method adopted for calculating the attenuation of coherent waves through air with fine dust is discussed. To obtain a scattering wavefield, a unique ultrasonic scattering hardware was developed, and signal processing schemes were suggested. Four cases of standard particle doses (0, 0.004, 0.008, and 0.012 g) were investigated inside a chamber. The results obtained from the experiments demonstrate that the proposed signal processing approach successfully calculates the scattering attenuation, which correlates well with the applied doses of fine dust. In addition, we discuss the irregular shape and composition of fine dust relative to the scattering cross-section.


Author(s):  
S. Golladay

The theory of multiple scattering has been worked out by Groves and comparisons have been made between predicted and observed signals for thick specimens observed in a STEM under conditions where phase contrast effects are unimportant. Independent measurements of the collection efficiencies of the two STEM detectors, calculations of the ratio σe/σi = R, where σe, σi are the total cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering respectively, and a model of the unknown mass distribution are needed for these comparisons. In this paper an extension of this work will be described which allows the determination of the required efficiencies, R, and the unknown mass distribution from the data without additional measurements or models. Essential to the analysis is the fact that in a STEM two or more signal measurements can be made simultaneously at each image point.


Author(s):  
C P Scott ◽  
A J Craven ◽  
C J Gilmore ◽  
A W Bowen

The normal method of background subtraction in quantitative EELS analysis involves fitting an expression of the form I=AE-r to an energy window preceding the edge of interest; E is energy loss, A and r are fitting parameters. The calculated fit is then extrapolated under the edge, allowing the required signal to be extracted. In the case where the characteristic energy loss is small (E < 100eV), the background does not approximate to this simple form. One cause of this is multiple scattering. Even if the effects of multiple scattering are removed by deconvolution, it is not clear that the background from the recovered single scattering distribution follows this simple form, and, in any case, deconvolution can introduce artefacts.The above difficulties are particularly severe in the case of Al-Li alloys, where the Li K edge at ~52eV overlaps the Al L2,3 edge at ~72eV, and sharp plasmon peaks occur at intervals of ~15eV in the low loss region. An alternative background fitting technique, based on the work of Zanchi et al, has been tested on spectra taken from pure Al films, with a view to extending the analysis to Al-Li alloys.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Richmond ◽  
Jared Becknell ◽  
Jeanne M. Slattery ◽  
Robin Morgan ◽  
Nathanael Mitchell

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Emurian ◽  
Joseph V. Brady ◽  
Ronald L. Ray ◽  
James L. Meyerhoff ◽  
Edward H. Mougey

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