A Practical Approach for Dynamic Taint Tracking with Control-flow Relationships

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Katherine Hough ◽  
Jonathan Bell
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Alternative Semantics ◽  
Automated Debugging ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Taint Tracking

Dynamic taint tracking, a technique that traces relationships between values as a program executes, has been used to support a variety of software engineering tasks. Some taint tracking systems only consider data flows and ignore control flows. As a result, relationships between some values are not reflected by the analysis. Many applications of taint tracking either benefit from or rely on these relationships being traced, but past works have found that tracking control flows resulted in over-tainting, dramatically reducing the precision of the taint tracking system. In this article, we introduce Conflux , alternative semantics for propagating taint tags along control flows. Conflux aims to reduce over-tainting by decreasing the scope of control flows and providing a heuristic for reducing loop-related over-tainting. We created a Java implementation of Conflux and performed a case study exploring the effect of Conflux on a concrete application of taint tracking, automated debugging. In addition to this case study, we evaluated Conflux ’s accuracy using a novel benchmark consisting of popular, real-world programs. We compared Conflux against existing taint propagation policies, including a state-of-the-art approach for reducing control-flow-related over-tainting, finding that Conflux had the highest F1 score on 43 out of the 48 total tests.

scholarly journals MODERN PENSION TRACKING SYSTEM – THE CASE OF SLOVAK ORANGE ENVELOPE PLATFORM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Danková ◽  
◽  
Ján Šebo ◽  
Ivan Králik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Research Front ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Term Objective

European Commission has a long-term objective of tackling the demographic issues of EU member states by creating a network of national pension tracking systems. The initiative launched in 2021 aims to present good practices in building modern pension tracking systems. The paper examines key aspects of a modern, consumer-driven non-governmental platform providing users with the features of pension entitlements across all pension pillars in Slovakia. The methodology is built on the case-study where governance, research, front-end and data management issues are elaborated. The paper presents in-depth steps and robustness of microsimulation model applied for the pension tracking platform. The results could serve for other countries and modern PensionTech providers as a good practice and a guideline to create a comprehensive integrated pension tracking system with minimum development and operational costs and extremely short time-to-market duration.

scholarly journals Tracking a Decentralized Linear Trajectory in an Intermittent Observation Environment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2127
Author(s):  
Wasi Ullah ◽  
Irshad Hussain ◽  
Iram Shehzadi ◽  
Zahid Rahman ◽  
Peerapong Uthansakul
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Types Of Faults

Faults and failures are familiar case studies in centralized and decentralized tracking systems. The processing of sensor data becomes more severe in the presence of faults/failures and/or noise. Effective schemes have been presented for decentralized systems, in the presence of faults only. In some practical scenarios of systems, there are certain interruptions in addition to these faults. These interruptions may occur in the form of noise. However it is expected that the decision about the sensor data is difficult in the presence of noise. This is because the noise adversely affects the communication amongst sensors and the processing unit. More complexity is expected when there are faults and noise simultaneously. To deal with this problem, in addition to existing fault detection and isolation schemes, the Kalman filter is employed. Here, a generic discussion is provided, which is equally applicable to other situations. This work addresses various faults in the presence of noise for decentralized tracking systems. Local single faults and multiple faults in the presence of noise are the core issues addressed in this paper. The proposed work is comprised of a general scenario for a decentralized tracking system followed by a case study of a target tracking scenario with and without noise. The presented schemes are also tested for different types of faults. The proposed work presents effective tracking in the presence of noise and faults. The results obtained demonstrate the acceptable performance of the scheme of this work.

GPS and GSM Based Tracking System for Objects Moving over Wide Geographical Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ameen ◽  
Ziad Mohammed ◽  
Abdulrahman Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Tracking Objects

Tracking systems of moving objects provide a useful means to better control, manage and secure them. Tracking systems are used in different scales of applications such as indoors, outdoors and even used to track vehicles, ships and air planes moving over the globe. This paper presents the design and implementation of a system for tracking objects moving over a wide geographical area. The system depends on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies without requiring the Internet service. The implemented system uses the freely available GPS service to determine the position of the moving objects. The tests of the implemented system in different regions and conditions show that the maximum uncertainty in the obtained positions is a circle with radius of about 16 m, which is an acceptable result for tracking the movement of objects in wide and open environments.

Centrality Measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginestra Bianconi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Katz Centrality ◽  
Pagerank Centrality

Defining the centrality of nodes and layers in multilayer networks is of fundamental importance for a variety of applications from sociology to biology and finance. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art centrality measures able to characterize the centrality of nodes, the influences of layers or the centrality of replica nodes in multilayer and multiplex networks. These centrality measures include modifications of the eigenvector centrality, Katz centrality, PageRank centrality and Communicability to the multilayer network scenario. The chapter provides a comprehensive description of the research of the field and discusses the main advantages and limitations of the different definitions, allowing the readers that wish to apply these techniques to choose the most suitable definition for his or her case study.

scholarly journals Photovoltaics Enabling Sustainable Energy Communities: Technological Drivers and Emerging Markets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Alexandros-Georgios Chronis ◽  
Foivos Palaiogiannis ◽  
Iasonas Kouveliotis-Lysikatos ◽  
Panos Kotsampopoulos ◽  
Nikos Hatziargyriou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Energy Community

In this paper, we investigate the economic benefits of an energy community investing in small-scale photovoltaics (PVs) when local energy trading is operated amongst the community members. The motivation stems from the open research question on whether a community-operated local energy market can enhance the investment feasibility of behind-the-meter small-scale PVs installed by energy community members. Firstly, a review of the models, mechanisms and concepts required for framing the relevant concepts is conducted, while a clarification of nuances at important terms is attempted. Next, a tool for the investigation of the economic benefits of operating a local energy market in the context of an energy community is developed. We design the local energy market using state-of-the-art formulations, modified according to the requirements of the case study. The model is applied to an energy community that is currently under formation in a Greek municipality. From the various simulations that were conducted, a series of generalizable conclusions are extracted.

“I am not a guinea pig”: Parental opportunity hoarding and tracking reform in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Lana Apple ◽  
Mira Debs
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Education System ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Student Background ◽  
Achievement Outcomes

PISA test data from 2000 to today have shown Germany’s education system is one of the most inequitable within the OECD, with high correlations between student background and achievement outcomes. Scholars have identified the highly differentiated school structure, which tracks students as young as 10 years old, as a central cause. This scholarship has not evaluated why German tracking has proved difficult to reform over the last 20 years, despite evidence of negative outcomes. Using a case study of parents’ actions in Hamburg, this paper employs a discourse analysis of debates surrounding a tracking reform to argue that opportunity hoarding—that is, parents with more social capital maintaining certain advantages through ingrained systems that are theoretically open to all—may contribute to why Germany’s early tracking system persists despite evidence showing that it increases educational inequality. The findings presented have implications for an international discussion of tracking reform and opportunity hoarding.

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