Exploiting social media for fake reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Sherry He ◽  
Brett Hollenbeck ◽  
Davide Proserpio
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Product Reviews ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Average Rating ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Fake Reviews

We provide an overview of our recent work that studies the market for fake product reviews on Amazon.com where reviews are purchased in large private internet groups on Facebook and other sites. We find that a wide array of products purchase fake reviews, including products with many reviews and high average ratings. Buying fake reviews on Facebook is associated with a significant but short-term increase in average rating and number of reviews. We exploit a sharp but temporary policy shift by Amazon to show that rating manipulation has a large causal effect on sales. Finally, we examine whether rating manipulation harms consumers or whether it is mostly used by high-quality or young products in a manner akin to advertising. We find that after firms stop buying fake reviews, their average ratings fall and the share of one-star reviews increases significantly, particularly for young products, indicating rating manipulation is mostly used by low-quality products and is deceiving and harming consumers.

scholarly journals Steganographic visual story with mutual-perceived joint attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyang Guo ◽  
Hanzhou Wu ◽  
Xinpeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Visual Storytelling ◽  
The Social ◽  
User Intervention

AbstractSocial media plays an increasingly important role in providing information and social support to users. Due to the easy dissemination of content, as well as difficulty to track on the social network, we are motivated to study the way of concealing sensitive messages in this channel with high confidentiality. In this paper, we design a steganographic visual stories generation model that enables users to automatically post stego status on social media without any direct user intervention and use the mutual-perceived joint attention (MPJA) to maintain the imperceptibility of stego text. We demonstrate our approach on the visual storytelling (VIST) dataset and show that it yields high-quality steganographic texts. Since the proposed work realizes steganography by auto-generating visual story using deep learning, it enables us to move steganography to the real-world online social networks with intelligent steganographic bots.

scholarly journals Fooled by Performance Randomness: Overrewarding Luck

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Gauriot ◽  
Lionel Page
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Similar Location ◽  
Do So

We provide evidence of a violation of the informativeness principle whereby lucky successes are overly rewarded. We isolate a quasi-experimental situation where the success of an agent is as good as random. To do so, we use high-quality data on football (soccer) matches and select shots on goal that landed on the goal posts. Using nonscoring shots, taken from a similar location on the pitch, as counterfactuals to scoring shots, we estimate the causal effect of a lucky success (goal) on the evaluation of the player's performance. We find clear evidence that luck is overly influencing managers' decisions and evaluators' ratings. Our results suggest that this phenomenon is likely to be widespread in economic organizations.

scholarly journals Managing brand presence through social media: the case of UK football clubs

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff McCarthy ◽  
Jennifer Rowley ◽  
Catherine Jane Ashworth ◽  
Elke Pioch
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
Further Development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute knowledge on the issues and benefits associated with managing brand presence and relationships through social media. UK football clubs are big businesses, with committed communities of fans, so are an ideal context from which to develop an understanding of the issues and challenges facing organisations as they seek to protect and promote their brand online. Design/methodology/approach – Due to the emergent nature of social media, and the criticality of the relationships between clubs and their fans, an exploratory study using a multiple case study approach was used to gather rich insights into the phenomenon. Findings – Clubs agreed that further development of social media strategies had potential to deliver interaction and engagement, community growth and belonging, traffic flow to official web sites and commercial gain. However, in developing their social media strategies they had two key concerns. The first concern was the control of the brand presence and image in social media, and how to respond to the opportunities that social media present to fans to impact on the brand. The second concern was how to strike an appropriate balance between strategies that deliver short-term revenue, and those that build longer term brand loyalty. Originality/value – This research is the first to offer insights into the issues facing organisations when developing their social media strategy.

scholarly journals Identifying vulgarity in Bengali social media textual content

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e665
Author(s):  
Salim Sazzed
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Negative Sentiment ◽  
Textual Content

The presence of abusive and vulgar language in social media has become an issue of increasing concern in recent years. However, research pertaining to the prevalence and identification of vulgar language has remained largely unexplored in low-resource languages such as Bengali. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive analysis on the presence of vulgarity in Bengali social media content. We develop two benchmark corpora consisting of 7,245 reviews collected from YouTube and manually annotate them into vulgar and non-vulgar categories. The manual annotation reveals the ubiquity of vulgar and swear words in Bengali social media content (i.e., in two corpora), ranging from 20% to 34%. To automatically identify vulgarity, we employ various approaches, such as classical machine learning (CML) classifiers, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) optimizer, a deep learning (DL) based architecture, and lexicon-based methods. Although small in size, we find that the swear/vulgar lexicon is effective at identifying the vulgar language due to the high presence of some swear terms in Bengali social media. We observe that the performances of machine leanings (ML) classifiers are affected by the class distribution of the dataset. The DL-based BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory) model yields the highest recall scores for identifying vulgarity in both datasets (i.e., in both original and class-balanced settings). Besides, the analysis reveals that vulgarity is highly correlated with negative sentiment in social media comments.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of M-Health associated with cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Campagnolo Goncalves Toledo ◽  
N Soares De Almeida ◽  
A Pierucci ◽  
A Straioto Salomao ◽  
I Ribeiro Lemes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Quality Evidence

Abstract Introduction Smartphone applications for health (M-Health) seem to overcome barriers to access Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Programs (CRP), because of their high degree of acceptance and also their potential to influence the frequency of physical exercise in weight loss. Objective To analyze the effectiveness of the combination of M-Health and CRP compared to CRP alone on functional capacity, adherence to CRP, management of cardiovascular risk factors in cardiac patients. Design Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Methods The following databases were used Medline via Ovid, EMBASE, Central, PEDro and SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost from their inception until July/2020. We included randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of M-Health in combination with CRP compared to CRP alone in adults with heart disease, and the interventions with M-Health consisted of text messages, e-mails, and applications. The primary outcome of this review was functional capacity, measured by VO2peak, or self-reported physical activity (METs.min/week). PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies and the GRADE approach to assess the overall quality of evidence. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random effect model to obtain mean difference (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and their respectives 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Nineteen RCTs were eligible, the median risk of bias was 7 out of 10 points. The primary endpoint was analyzed by subgroups, time of intervention and kind of type CRP, eigthteen of these studies assessed functional capacity. CRP in combination with a m-health intervention was more effective than CRP alone in improving VO2peak, ml/min/kg, (MD: 0.84, CI: 0.30 to 1.38; I2=0%, high quality evidence, 12 trials, n=1889) at short-term follow-up, but at medium-term follow-up (MD: 0.84, CI: −0.26 to 1.41; I2=0%, high quality evidence, 8 trials, n=927,). Similarly, CRP associated with m-health was superior to CRP alone in increasing self-reported at short-term, METs.min/week, (MD:1.31, CI: −0.24 to 2.37; I2 = not aplicable, very low quality evidence, 1 trial, n=18), and at medium-term follow-up (MD: 0.18, CI: −0.01 to 0.36; I2=56%, moderate quality evidence, 4 trials, n=1107). Conclusion High quality of evidence shows that M-Health improves cardiorespiratory fitness at short-term follow-up. In addition, supervised program showed to be more effective than non-supervised. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Analisis Pencarian Informasi Remaja Generasi z dalam Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Belanja Online (Analisis pada Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Tidar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Fitria Khairum Nisa ◽  
Arief Bregas Viratama ◽  
Nurul Hidayanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Product Reviews ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p><strong>Abstrak<br /></strong></p><p><strong></strong>Berdasarkan <em>survey</em>, salah kegiatan berinternet yang paling sering dilakukan adalah belanja <em>online</em> sebanyak 44.6%. Sedangkan generasi yang mendominasi penggunaan internet adalah generasi z. Generasi z merupakan generasi yang akrab dengan dunia digital dan berani mengambil resiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana generasi z melakukan proses pencarian informasi dalam melakukan belanja <em>online</em><em> </em>dengan menyebarkan angket serta melakukan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan <em>mix method. </em>Adapun subjek dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Tidar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ulasan produk di <em>e-commerce</em> merupakan sumber utama remaja generasi z dalam mencari informasi yakni sebesar 80.7%. Sumber informasi lainnya adalah ulasan produk di sosial media dan bertanya kepada teman. Adapun alasannya adalah untuk mencari <em>trend</em> terkini serta ulasan produk dapat dipercaya dan generasi z peduli dengan pendapat orang sekitar.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>Based on the survey, one of the most frequently carried out internet activities was online shopping which is 44.6%. Meanwhile, the generation that dominates internet usage is z generation. Z generation z is a generation that is familiar with the digital world and is willing to take risks. This study aims to see how generation Z performs the information search process in online shopping. This study uses a mix method by distributing questionnaires and conducting in-depth interviews. Subject of this research is the students of communication in Tidar University. The results of this study indicate that product reviews on e-commerce is the main source of z generation adolescents in seeking information, which is 80.7%. Other sources of information are product reviews on social media and asking friends. The reasons for those are they look for the newest trend and product reviews are trustworthy and z generation cares what people think about them.</em></p>

scholarly journals PUSAT PELATIHAN KARAKTER UNTUK MILENIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Venessa Handiwinata ◽  
Budi Adelar Sukada
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Working Space ◽  
A Company ◽  
Environmental Participation

Millennial generation is the generation of births around 1980 to 2000 and in productive age. This generation has a problem, where they tend to be lazy, out of focus and narcissistic. There are 4 factors that cause it. First, this generation becomes depressed when in the workforce because there is no help from their parents and does not get what they want; second, this generation requires an addiction to the response of social media, which causes the absence of relations that improve between individuals; third, they do not last long in a company because they do not get what they want and want everything to be instant (inpatient); fourth, environmental participation that creates character of the individuals, where the environment at this time is more concerned with numbers than a community needs and only focus on short-term needs. In addition, the companies where they work don’t help/provide facilities to build cooperation and character development skills. Of all these problems, the millennial generation needs a facilities to develop their social skills, which can improve their ability to develop visions related to the development of their potential and innovation. Therefore, they need a character training center, with supporting facilities such as foodhall, shared work space, and gym facilities, where those supporting facilities can help the process of character training. This character training center has a concept that prioritizes togetherness and sociability with the "the c’s" method. AbstrakGenerasi millennial adalah generasi kelahiran sekitar tahun 1980 sampai dengan 2000 dan sedang dalam usia produktif. Generasi ini memiliki sebuah isu, dimana mereka cenderung malas, tidak fokus dan narsis. Terdapat 4 faktor penyebabnya. Pertama, generasi ini menjadi depresi saat di dunia kerja karena tidak adanya bantuan dari orangtua dan tidak mendapatkan apa yang mereka inginkan; kedua, generasi ini cenderung kecanduan akan respon dari media sosial, dimana hal tersebut menyebabkan tidak adanya relasi yang kuat antar individu; ketiga, mereka cenderung tidak bertahan lama dalam suatu perusahaan karena mereka merasa tidak mendapatkan apa yang mereka inginkan dan ingin semuanya serba instan (tidak sabaran); keempat, lingkungan hidup yang membentuk karakter dari individu, dimana lingkungan hidup pada saat ini lebih mementingkan angka dibandingkan kebutuhan masyarakat dan hanya memikirkan kebutuhan jangka pendek. Selain itu, perusahaan tempat mereka bekerja cenderung tidak membantu/menyediakan fasilitas untuk membangun skill kerjasama dan pembangunan karakter. Dari semua isu tersebut, generasi millennial membutuhkan sebuah fasilitas untuk mengembangkan social skills mereka, dimana hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi mereka dalam pembentukan visi hidup yang berhubungan dalam pengembangan potensi dan inovasi mereka. Oleh sebab itu, mereka membutuhkan suatu Character Training Center, dengan fasilitas pendukung seperti foodhall, co-working space dan fasilitas gym, dimana fasilitas pendukung tersebut dapat membantu sebuah proses character training. Character Training Center ini memiliki konsep dimana mengutamakan togetherness and sociability dengan metode  “the c’s”.

scholarly journals The impact of firms’ and CEOs’ social media usage on corporate performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Wafa Ghardallou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Funding Program ◽  
The Impact

The impact of social media usage on corporate performance has not been examined in the Saudi context. This paper aims to investigate the influence of social media, namely companies’ and CEOs’ involvement in Twitter and LinkedIn, on the profitability of Saudi Arabia listed firms. A dynamic panel estimation method is used to empirically assess this relationship. The study employs 120 firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange Tadawul from 2014 to 2017. Data are obtained from the companies’ annual reports. Statements of financial status as well as income statements are used to collect data on the dependent variable and control variables. The results show that having a LinkedIn official account by both the CEO and the company does not improve the enterprise performance. In contrast, companies that are active on Twitter will contribute to an increase in their short-term performance. CEOs who engage in Twitter via a high number of followers help to boost the performance of their companies in the long and short term. Hence, this paper recommends that Saudi firms should be aware that their performance could be increased by monitoring their presence on social networks and by having a strong intention to use these tools. AcknowledgmentsThis study was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program.

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