Intonation and Prosody in Creole Languages: An Evolving Ecology

Research on the prosody and intonation of creole languages has largely remained an untapped resource, yet it is important for enriching our understanding of how or if their phonological systems changed or developed under contact. Further, their hybrid histories and current linguistic ecologies present descriptive and analytical treasure troves. This has the potential to inform many areas of linguistic inquiry including contact effects on the typological classification of prosodic systems, socioprosodic variation (individual and community level), and the scope of diversity in prosodic systems among creole languages and across a variety of languages similarly influenced by language contact. Thus, this review highlights the importance of pushing beyond questions of creole language typology and genetic affiliation. I review the existing research on creole language prosody and intonation, provide some details on a few studies, and highlight some key challenges and opportunities for the subfield and for linguistics in general.

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Language Contact

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s0267190500002622 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 81-90

Author(s):

Peter Hans Nelde

Keyword(s):

Language Contact ◽

The World ◽

Linguistic Inquiry

Regardless of one's gastronomic persuasion, the point of the questions above have nothing to do with food; rather, they have to do with language. Even if a person speaks no German, French or Italian, words like wienerschnitzel, vinaigrette, and cappucino are very likely part of his or her vocabulary, the result of contact between speakers of English and those of other languages, leading to the introduction of foreign words into English. Although this little culinary example is not by itself significant, it does represent a phenomenon that is extremely widespread throughout the world, since contact between speakers of different languages is the rule rather than the exception. Thus, language contact and its consequences constitute a very rich area of linguistic inquiry.

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Bilingualism and sound change: perception in the /ʎ/-/j/ merger process in Majorcan Spanish

Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie (ZrP) ◽

10.1515/zrp-2020-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 136 (1) ◽

pp. 106-133

Author(s):

Assumpció Rost Bagudanch

Keyword(s):

Language Contact ◽

Sound Change ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Chance Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Change Perception ◽

Merger Process ◽

Linguistic Behaviour ◽

Contact Effects

AbstractYeísmo has been accounted for as a merger process occurring in Spanish irrespective of language contact effects though some scholars have claimed that the interference between Spanish and the variety of Catalan spoken in Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) has an inhibiting effect on yeísmo. This paper focusses on whether this inhibiting effect can be demonstrated at the perception level and whether it has an effect in the linguistic behaviour of bilinguals. To examine these effects, we conducted an identification experiment with three groups of listeners (Majorcan Catalan-dominant bilinguals, Spanish-dominant bilinguals and a control group of Spanish monolinguals). Results show that Catalan dominants do recognise [ʎ] stimuli, but Spanish dominants only identify [ʎ] at chance level. Consequently, it would seem that bilingual subjects display a bimodal performance at the perception level.

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Marine Network Protocols and Security Risks

Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy ◽

10.3390/jcp1020013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 239-251

Author(s):

Ky Tran ◽

Sid Keene ◽

Erik Fretheim ◽

Michail Tsikerdekis

Keyword(s):

Network Protocols ◽

Network Protocol ◽

Identification System ◽

Automated Identification ◽

Security Risks ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Protocol Security ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

Marine network protocols are domain-specific network protocols that aim to incorporate particular features within the specialized marine context that devices are implemented in. Devices implemented in such vessels involve critical equipment; however, limited research exists for marine network protocol security. In this paper, we provide an analysis of several marine network protocols used in today’s vessels and provide a classification of attack risks. Several protocols involve known security limitations, such as Automated Identification System (AIS) and National Marine Electronic Association (NMEA) 0183, while newer protocols, such as OneNet provide more security hardiness. We further identify several challenges and opportunities for future implementations of such protocols.

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Challenges and Opportunities of Aligning Forest Function Mapping and the Ecosystem Service Concept in Germany

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9110691 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 691 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

André Tiemann ◽

Irene Ring

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Mapping Method ◽

Forest Sector ◽

Governance System ◽

German States ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Forest Function ◽

Function Mapping

In the context of considering natural capital in decision-making, the ecosystem services concept is steadily increasing in importance. This also holds for the forest sector in Germany. This development calls for a harmonisation of approaches and terms used in the forest sector, as well as being made compatible with the ecosystem services concept and relevant classifications. In Germany, and a number of Central European countries, a common way to assess the multifunctional benefits of forests is the forest function mapping method. Due to the federal multi-level governance system in Germany, each state has its own classification of forest functions and mapping. A first objective of this paper is to align the various forest function categories across German states as a basis to relate them to the ecosystem services concept. Second, this bottom-up approach is combined with a top-down approach, building on the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES). The aim is to develop a harmonised, methodological framework, suitable for accounting forest-related ecosystem services, as a step towards future ecosystem services monitoring and reporting commitments in the forest sector. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of the ecosystem services concept for forest management are discussed and ways forward are elaborated.

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Bidirectionality of language contact: Spanish and Catalan vowels

Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America ◽

10.3765/plsa.v6i1.4956 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Annie Helms

Keyword(s):

Social Factors ◽

Language Contact ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Production Data ◽

Front Vowel ◽

Vowel Production ◽

Public Spheres ◽

Disproportionate Number ◽

Probabilistic Nature ◽

Contact Effects

The disproportionate number of studies in Barcelona and the Balearic Islands observing Spanish contact effects in Catalan production, rather than Catalan contact effects in Spanish production, is an oversight of bidirectionality and the probabilistic nature of social factors in situations of language contact. Accordingly, the present study analyzes both Catalan and Spanish mid front vowel production data from Barcelona to investigate whether Catalan contact effects occur in Spanish via a process of dissimilation, and whether such effects are strengthened in younger speakers due to the relatively recent implementation of Catalan linguistic policy in the educational and public spheres. The results are suggestive of dissimilation, where phonetic distinctions are maintained between Spanish /e/ and the two Catalan mid front vowels across both F1 and F2. Additionally, analyses of variance across F1 and F2 reveal that Spanish /e/ productions across F1 are more diffuse in younger speakers and Catalan mid front vowels across F2 are less diffuse, providing evidence of reciprocity in contact effects. These results underscore the bidirectional nature of language contact and advocate for the use of variance of F1 and F2 as a metric of phonological contact effects.

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The Typological Classification of the Hebrew of Genesis: Subject-Verb or Verb-Subject?

Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures VIII ◽

10.31826/9781463235505-016 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 353-391

Author(s):

Robert D. Holmstedt

Keyword(s):

Typological Classification

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A Novel Sequence Graph-Based Approach to Find Academic Research Trends

International Journal of Web Portals ◽

10.4018/ijwp.2020010104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45-56

Author(s):

Soumya George ◽

M. Sudheep Elayidom ◽

T. Santhanakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Computer Science ◽

Efficient Method ◽

Academic Research ◽

Subject Area ◽

Research Trends ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Sequence Graph ◽

Academic Publications ◽

Subject Areas

Research trends are dynamic, changing from time to time. It is an indicator of the latest innovations in each field of research, current areas of research, the latest technologies, and developments in each field of research. It also helps with future innovations and developments by providing current challenges and opportunities. This article proposes an efficient method to find research trends in each field of research of any subject area by using the graph-based subject classification of published papers. This methodology can be efficiently used to find research trends at any point of time, based on the published year of academic publications. A study of change in research trends in three subject areas - physics, mathematics, and computer science have been successfully conducted based on a total of 4500 publications since 2004.

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Uh, bueno, em … : Filled pauses as a site of contact-induced change in Boston Spanish

Language Variation and Change ◽

10.1017/s0954394517000102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 205-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel Erker ◽

Joanna Bruso

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Language Contact ◽

Spontaneous Speech ◽

The United States ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Filled Pauses ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Linguistic Inquiry ◽

A Site ◽

Do So

AbstractThere is mounting evidence that the filled pauses that pervade spontaneous speech constitute a rich site of linguistic inquiry. The present study uses a comparative variationist method to explore possible effects of language contact on pause behavior, examining 3810 filled pauses produced by 24 Spanish-speaking residents of Boston, Massachusetts. Interspeaker differences in pause behavior correlate with intensity of contact. Participants who have lived in the United States for a larger fraction of their lives, who use English more frequently, and who do so more proficiently fill pauses differently when speaking Spanish than do those who have spent less time in the contact setting and whose English skills and usage are more restricted. Results show that a greater degree of contact corresponds to increased use of centralized vowels in phonologically filled pauses (i.e., more frequent use of [a(m)] and [ə(m)] at the expense of [e(m)]). This pattern is interpreted as evidence of contact-induced change.

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