Mechanisms Underlying Calcium Nephrolithiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Alexander ◽  
D.G. Fuster ◽  
H. Dimke
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence, enormous costs, and significant morbidity. Calcium-containing kidney stones are by far the most common kidney stones encountered in clinical practice. Consequently, hypercalciuria is the greatest risk factor for kidney stone formation. Hypercalciuria can result from enhanced intestinal absorption, increased bone resorption, or altered renal tubular transport. Kidney stone formation is complex and driven by high concentrations of calcium-oxalate or calcium-phosphate in the urine. After discussing the mechanism mediating renal calcium salt precipitation, we review recent discoveries in renal tubular calcium transport from the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, and distal convolution. Furthermore, we address how calcium is absorbed from the intestine and mobilized from bone. The effect of acidosis on bone calcium resorption and urinary calcium excretion is also considered. Although recent discoveries provide insight into these processes, much remains to be understood in order to provide improved therapies for hypercalciuria and prevent kidney stone formation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Temporal Effects of Quercetin on Tight Junction Barrier Properties and Claudin Expression and Localization in MDCK II Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamero-Estevez ◽  
Andonian ◽  
Jean-Claude ◽  
Gupta ◽  
Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Junction Proteins

: Kidney stones affect 10% of the population. Yet, there is relatively little known about how they form or how to prevent and treat them. The claudin family of tight junction proteins has been linked to the formation of kidney stones. The flavonoid quercetin has been shown to prevent kidney stone formation and to modify claudin expression in different models. Here we investigate the effect of quercetin on claudin expression and localization in MDCK II cells, a cation-selective cell line, derived from the proximal tubule. For this study, we focused our analyses on claudin family members that confer different tight junction properties: barrier-sealing (Cldn1, -3, and -7), cation-selective (Cldn2) or anion-selective (Cldn4). Our data revealed that quercetin’s effects on the expression and localization of different claudins over time corresponded with changes in transepithelial resistance, which was measured continuously throughout the treatment. In addition, these effects appear to be independent of PI3K/AKT signaling, one of the pathways that is known to act downstream of quercetin. In conclusion, our data suggest that quercetin’s effects on claudins result in a tighter epithelial barrier, which may reduce the reabsorption of sodium, calcium and water, thereby preventing the formation of a kidney stone.

Demographic Study of Water Hardness with Potential to Predict Formation of Renal Crystals

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeptiman Chatterjee ◽  
Vishaka Verma ◽  
Amiti ◽  
Sheija Rohil ◽  
Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Kidney stones or renal calculi or Nephrolithiasis is a common health problem in both developed and developing nations [1,2]. Analysis of the chemical and physical properties of renal calculi helps in preventing their formation and treatment. In this study, we evaluated the hardness of water used for drinking purposes, in an attempt to correlate water hardness with an increased incidence of stone formation. Identifying risk factors help to develop a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of renal calculi formation. The incidence of kidney stone formation in Vellore district was correlated with the hardness of water samples taken from different areas in Vellore. The study can be employed at a larger demographic level for effective and economic monitoring of the risk of kidney stone formation.

scholarly journals Effect of Drinking Water Hardness on Kidney Stones Formation in Ranya District

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akram O. Esmail ◽  
Bahast A. Qadir ◽  
Hawnaz Q. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

This study was conducted in Rania District, Raparin University, during September 2018–March 2019, to test the relation between water hardness and kidney stone formation. The investigation depended on questionnaire form which was distributed on 100 person in Raparin (Rania, Hajiawa, and Chwarqurna) and patients whom vested the Rania clinical during December 1, 2018–January 22, 2019 which were 238 patients and only 20 of them had kidney stones developing which represent 8.4% of the total kidney diseases. The results indicated to significant effect of gender at level of significant 5% on kidney stones formation, 10% of male, and 18% of female having kidney stones. The results of Chi-square test indicated to highly significant effect of age on kidney stone formation at level of significant (0.001). The kidney stone formation increased from 19.23% to 75% with an increase in age class from (14–34) to (54 or more) year. The negative correlation coefficient value of (r = −0.63*) was recorded between water hardness and stone risk index due to the high magnesium content of drinking water in the studied area.

MP33-15 MITOCHONDRIAL COLLAPSE DEPENDS ON CYCLOPHILIN D IN RENAL TUBULAR CELLS PROMOTES KIDNEY STONE FORMATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 193 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Ito ◽  
Takahiro Yasui ◽  
Kazuhiro Niimi ◽  
Shoichiro Iwatsuki ◽  
Takashi Hamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Cyclophilin D ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

MP20-13 OXYGEN NANO-BUBBLE WATER EXERTS INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON KIDNEY STONE FORMATION BY INHIBITING RENAL TUBULAR CELL INJURY

2014 ◽  
Vol 191 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Hirose ◽  
Kazumi Taguchi ◽  
Yasuhiro Fujii ◽  
Kazuhiro Niimi ◽  
Shuzo Hamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Tubular Cell ◽  
Renal Tubular Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN PEMBENTUKAN BATU GINJAL (Antinefrolithiasis) EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GEDI MERAH (Abelmoschus moschtus Medik) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Triana Riandani Djamhuri ◽  
Yuliet Yuliet ◽  
Khildah Khaerati
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Red Gedi (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik) is a plant found only in tropical climate areas such as Africa and Asia. Some people’s experience in Manado stated that red gedi plants can be used to treat various types of disease, one of them was kidney stones. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the activity and the effective dose of red gedi leaf extract as an inhibitor of kidney stone formation. The extract was prepared by maceration using ethanol 96%. Inhibitory activity test of kidney stone formation was done by firstly dividing the labrats into 6 groups. Each group consisted of 3 male rats. Both the first group (Normal control) and the second group (Negative control) weregiven Na.CMC 0.5%; the third group (Positive control) was given Batugin Elixir at a dose of 2.7 ml/kgBW; while the fourth, fifth, and sixth were respectively given red gedileaf extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kgBW. After 2 hours, all treatment groups were induced with0.75% of ethylene glycol and 2% of ammonium chloride except for the normal control. Ratio of kidney weight and the level of calcium were then measured and calculated. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis Of variance) and continued with LSD (Least Significantly Difference). It can be concluded that ethanol extract of red gedileaves had inhibitory activity of kidney stones formation in all dose variation and the most effective one was at a dose of 150 mg/kgBW

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