Arterial compliance of rowers: implications for combined aerobic and strength training on arterial elasticity

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. H1596-H1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill N. Cook ◽  
Allison E. DeVan ◽  
Jessica L. Schleifer ◽  
Maria M. Anton ◽  
Miriam Y. Cortez-Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Regular endurance exercise increases central arterial compliance, whereas resistance training decreases it. It is not known how the vasculature adapts to a combination of endurance and resistance training. Rowing is unique, because its training encompasses endurance- and strength-training components. We used a cross-sectional study design to determine arterial compliance of 15 healthy, habitual rowers [50 ± 9 (SD) yr, 11 men and 4 women] and 15 sedentary controls (52 ± 8 yr, 10 men and 5 women). Rowers had been training 5.4 ± 1.2 days/wk for 5.7 ± 4.0 yr. The two groups were matched for age, body composition, blood pressure, and metabolic risk factors. Central arterial compliance (simultaneous ultrasound and applanation tonometry on the common carotid artery) was higher ( P < 0.001) and carotid β-stiffness index was lower ( P < 0.001) in rowers than in sedentary controls. There were no group differences for measures of peripheral (femoral) arterial stiffness. The higher central arterial compliance in rowers was associated with a greater cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity, as estimated during a Valsalva maneuver ( r = 0.54, P < 0.005). In conclusion, regular rowing exercise in middle-aged and older adults is associated with a favorable effect on the elastic properties of the central arteries. Our results suggest that simultaneously performed endurance training may negate the stiffening effects of strength training.

scholarly journals Effects of Vigorous Resistance Training On Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Nakamura ◽  
Isao Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Blunted cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is correlated with elevation of central arterial stiffness and/or reduction of arterial compliance with aging. Resistance-trained who habitually perform vigorous resistance training (RT) may blunt cardiovagal BRS due to an increase in central arterial stiffness and a decrease in arterial compliance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vigorous RT on cardiovagal BRS in a cross-sectional study to compare resistance-trained with age-matched non-resistance-trained.Methods: This cross-sectional study included resistance-trained men (resistance-trained group: n = 20) and age-matched non-resistance-trained men (control group: n = 20). The β-stiffness index and arterial compliance were assessed at the right carotid artery, and the cardiovagal BRS was estimated by the slope of the R-R interval and systolic blood pressure during phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver.Results: The β-Stiffness index was significantly higher in the resistance-trained group than in the control group (4.4 ± 0.2 vs. 5.9 ± 0.3 a.u., P < 0.01). In contrast, the resistance-trained group had significantly lower arterial compliance and cardiovagal BRS than the control group (0.20 ± 0.01 vs. 0.15 ± 0.01 mm2/mmHg and 12.9 ± 1.2 vs. 9.0 ± 0.5 ms/mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01 for both measurements). Moreover, cardiovagal BRS was inversely and positively correlated with the β-stiffness index (combined: r = - 0.59, P < 0.01; control: r = - 0.56, P < 0.01; resistance-trained: r = - 0.50, P < 0.05) and arterial compliance (combined: r = 0.64; control: r = 0.61; resistance-trained: r = 0.55, all P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion: Resistance-trained group was higher arterial stiffness and lower compliance and blunter cardiovagal BRS compared with control group. These results suggest that vigorous RT blunts cardiovagal BRS.Trial registration: University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) in Japan, UMIN000038116. Registered on September 27, 2019.

scholarly journals Acute effects of resistance exercise on arterial compliance

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2287-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E. DeVan ◽  
Maria M. Anton ◽  
Jill N. Cook ◽  
Daria B. Neidre ◽  
Miriam Y. Cortez-Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Brachial Systolic Blood Pressure

Decreased central arterial compliance is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Resistance training is associated with reductions in the elastic properties of central arteries. Currently, it is not known whether this reduction is from one bout of resistance exercise or from an adaptation to multiple bouts of resistance training. Sixteen healthy sedentary or recreationally active adults (11 men and 5 women, age 27 ± 1 yr) were studied under parallel experimental conditions on 2 separate days. The order of experiments was randomized between resistance exercise (9 resistance exercises at 75% of 1 repetition maximum) and sham control (seated rest in the exercise room). Baseline hemodynamic values were not different between the two experimental conditions. Carotid arterial compliance (via simultaneous B-mode ultrasound and applanation tonometry) decreased and β-stiffness index increased ( P < 0.01) immediately and 30 min after resistance exercise. Immediately after resistance exercise, carotid systolic blood pressure increased ( P < 0.01), although no changes were observed in brachial systolic blood pressure at any time points. These measures returned to baseline values within 60 min after the completion of resistance exercise. No significant changes in these variables were observed during the sham control condition. These results indicate that one bout of resistance exercise acutely decreases central arterial compliance, but this effect is sustained for <60 min after the completion of resistance exercise.

scholarly journals Effects of Greater Central Arterial Stiffness on Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity in Resistance-Trained Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Nakamura ◽  
Isao Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phase Iv

Abstract Background Compared with age-matched untrained men, resistance-trained men who have undergone long duration training (> 2 years) at a high frequency (> 5 days/week) may be lower cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) because of central arterial stiffening. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of greater central arterial stiffness in resistance-trained men on cardiovagal BRS in a cross-sectional study to compare resistance-trained men with age-matched untrained men. Methods This cross-sectional study included resistance-trained men (n = 20; age: 22 ± 3; body mass index: 26.7 ± 2.2) and age-matched untrained men (control group: n = 20; age: 25 ± 2; body mass index: 23.7 ± 2.4). The β-stiffness index and arterial compliance were assessed at the right carotid artery using a combination of a brightness mode ultrasonography system for the carotid artery diameter and applanation tonometry for the carotid blood pressure. And, the cardiovagal BRS was estimated by the slope of the R–R interval and systolic blood pressure during Phase II and IV of Valsalva maneuver (VM). The participants maintained an expiratory mouth pressure of 40 mmHg for 15 s in the supine position. Results The β-Stiffness index was significantly higher in the resistance-trained group than in the control group (5.9 ± 1.4 vs. 4.4 ± 1.0 a.u., P < 0.01). In contrast, the resistance-trained group had significantly lower arterial compliance (0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.20 ± 0.04 mm2/mmHg, P < 0.01) and cardiovagal BRS during Phase IV of VM (9.0 ± 2.5 vs. 12.9 ± 5.4 ms/mmHg, P < 0.01) than the control group and. Moreover, cardiovagal BRS during Phase IV of VM was inversely and positively correlated with the β-stiffness index (r = − 0.59, P < 0.01) and arterial compliance (r = 0.64, P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion Resistance-trained group had greater central arterial stiffness and lower cardiovagal BRS Phase IV compared with control group. Moreover, the central arterial stiffening was related to cardiovagal BRS Phase IV. These results suggest that greater central arterial stiffness in resistance-trained men may be associated with lower cardiovagal BRS. Trial Registration University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) in Japan, UMIN000038116. Registered on September 27, 2019.

scholarly journals Relationship between carotid arterial properties and cerebral white matter hyperintensities

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (21) ◽  
pp. 2036-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Rundek ◽  
David Della-Morte ◽  
Hannah Gardener ◽  
Chuanhui Dong ◽  
Matthew S. Markert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference

Objective:Since arterial stiffness is a functional measure of arterial compliance and may be an important marker of cerebrovascular disease, we examined the association of carotid artery stiffness with white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) in a cross-sectional study of 1,166 stroke-free participants.Methods:Carotid beta stiffness index (STIFF) was assessed by M-mode ultrasound of the common carotid artery and calculated as the ratio of natural log of the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure over STRAIN, a ratio of the difference between carotid systolic and diastolic diameter (DD) divided by DD. WMHV was measured by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. The associations of STIFF, DD, and STRAIN with WMHV were examined using linear regression after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and vascular risk factors.Results:In a fully adjusted model, larger carotid DD was significantly associated with greater log-WMHV (β = 0.09, p = 0.001). STIFF and STRAIN were not significantly associated with WMHV. In adjusted analyses stratified by race–ethnicity, STRAIN (β = −1.78, p = 0.002) and DD (β = 0.11, p = 0.001) were both associated with greater log-WMHV among Hispanic participants, but not among black or white participants.Conclusions:Large carotid artery diameters are associated with greater burden of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in this multiethnic population. The association between increased diameters, decreased STRAIN, and greater WMH burden is more pronounced among Hispanics. These associations suggest a potential important pathophysiologic role of extracranial large artery remodeling in the burden of WMH.

Resistance training-induced decrease in central arterial compliance is associated with decreased subendocardial viability ratio in healthy young men

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaname Tagawa ◽  
Youngju Choi ◽  
Song-Gyu Ra ◽  
Toru Yoshikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ventricular Afterload ◽  
Subendocardial Viability Ratio

High-intensity resistance training decreases central arterial compliance (CAC). Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) is a useful tool that reflects the balance between coronary perfusion and left ventricular afterload. Animal studies have demonstrated that decreased CAC is associated with SEVR deterioration. Therefore, resistance training-induced decrease in CAC may be associated with changes in SEVR. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between SEVR and CAC using both cross-sectional and longitudinal (i.e., resistance training) study designs. To achieve this, we first conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between SEVR and CAC in 89 young men. Thereafter, a longitudinal study was performed to examine the effects of resistance training on SEVR and CAC in young men. A total of 28 young men were divided into 2 groups: control (n = 13) and training (n = 15). In the training group, subjects underwent supervised resistance training for 4 weeks (5 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1-repetition maximum, 3 times/week). CAC and SEVR were then measured in all subjects. In the cross-sectional study, SEVR was significantly positively correlated with CAC, whereas resistance training significantly decreased both SEVR and CAC. Moreover, training-induced changes in CAC were significantly correlated with changes in SEVR. Thus, these results suggest that resistance training-induced decrease in CAC is associated with decreased SEVR in young men.

Effect of unilateral resistance training on arterial compliance in elderly men

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleur Poelkens ◽  
Mark Rakobowchuk ◽  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
Maria T.E. Hopman ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peak Blood

An increase in age coincides with a decrease in arterial compliance, which is related to a higher risk for cardiovascular accidents. Evidence regarding the effects of resistance training on arterial compliance is conflicting. Currently, little information is available about the effect of resistance training on arterial compliance in elderly men. We assessed the impact of 10 weeks of unilateral arm and leg resistance training on carotid, brachial, and femoral arterial compliance in 12 healthy elderly men (mean age ± SD, 71 ± 7 y). Arterial compliance was evaluated before, after 4 weeks, and after 10 weeks of unilateral resistance training by simultaneously measuring arterial diameter and blood pressure in each artery. There were no significant differences in arterial compliance or stiffness index in any of the arteries examined after 10 weeks of training. However, after 10 weeks of resistance training, resting heart rate decreased from 76 ± 4 beats/min to 61 ± 3 beats/min (p < 0.05), plasma glucose decreased from 6.0 ± 0.9 to 5.1 ± 0.9 mmol/L (mean ± SE) (p < 0.05), and carotid artery peak blood flow increased from 1831 mL/min to 2245 mL/min (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in resting arterial blood pressure. Unilateral resistance training for 10 weeks does not alter peripheral and central arterial compliance elderly men.

scholarly journals Methotrexate, blood pressure and markers of arterial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a repeated cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 213-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arduino A. Mangoni ◽  
Leena R. Baghdadi ◽  
E. Michael Shanahan ◽  
Michael D. Wiese ◽  
Sara Tommasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Activity Score ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Function

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with lower cardiovascular risk compared to other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). We sought to identify whether the MTX-associated cardioprotection involves changes in blood pressure (BP) and/or arterial function. Methods: Clinic and 24-hour peripheral and central systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were assessed in RA patients on stable treatment with either MTX ± other DMARDs (MTX group, n = 56, age 61 ± 13 years, 70% females) or other DMARDs (non-MTX group, n = 30, age 63 ± 12 years, 76% females). Measurements were performed at baseline and after 8 months. Results: After adjusting for visit, age, gender, body mass index, folic acid use and 28-joint disease activity score, the MTX group had significantly lower clinic peripheral SBP (−7.7 mmHg, 95% CI −13.2 to −2.3, p = 0.006) and DBP (−6.1 mmHg, 95% CI −9.8 to −2.4, p = 0.001) and clinic central SBP (−7.8 mmHg, 95% CI −13.1 to −2.6, p = 0.003) and DBP (−5.4 mmHg, 95% CI −9.1 to −1.6, p = 0.005) versus the non-MTX group. Furthermore, the MTX group had significantly lower 24-hour peripheral and central SBP and DBP and PWV versus the non-MTX group ( p < 0.01 for all comparisons). By contrast, there were no significant between-group differences in AIx and ADMA. Conclusions: RA patients on MTX treatment had significantly lower clinic and 24-hour peripheral and central BP compared to those who did not take MTX. The lower BP with MTX may be related to differences in PWV, but not in AIx or ADMA concentrations. Further longitudinal studies including randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings, to identify other possible mechanisms responsible for the effects of MTX on BP and PWV, and to establish whether these effects might account for the reduced cardiovascular risk with MTX.

scholarly journals Usefulness of the Non-Contact Tonometry in Out-Patient Screening

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satheesh Solomon T Selvin ◽  
Chris Elsa Samson Jacob ◽  
Thomas Kuriakose
Keyword(s):  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is considered the gold standard for Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement. It has the disadvantages of being a contact device, need for a slit-lamp, non-portability and need of a skilled examiner. Many hospitals are using a Non Contact Tonometry (NCT) as a screening device to save clinician time, however the usefulness is not proved in terms of reliability. This study was aimed to determine the usefulness of the Air-puff tonometer (TONOREF NIDEK II, NIDEK CO., LTD., JAPAN) over a GAT in a tertiary care center. Design: Cross-sectional Study Methods: This was a cross-sectional, non interventional observational study conducted on 224 eyes (right eye) from 224 patients. All patients underwent the IOP measurement with both methods and a central corneal thickness (CCT) measured. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.3±11.29 years. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean NCT and GAT readings which persisted even after correction for central corneal thickness. The correlation between NCT and GAT using Pearson’s correlation coefficient was strong irrespective of the corrections for their corneal thickness (r = 0.751 and 0.718 for uncorrected and corrected values respectively). The correlation of the individual clinicians for the readings varied from moderate to strong. The ROC curve showed the best sensitivity and specificity to occur at around 13 to 14 mmHg. Conclusion: NCT seems to overestimate the IOP at low ranges as compared to the GAT and underestimate at higher ranges. The crossover of the values is seen between 12 to 13 mmHg.  The clinician should do an individualized analysis of his/her GAT measurements to the readings of the NCT machine at the clinic to obtain clinician specific nomogram. 

scholarly journals Structural and Biomechanical Corneal Differences between Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
João N. Beato ◽  
João Esteves-Leandro ◽  
David Reis ◽  
Manuel Falcão ◽  
Vítor Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose. To analyze and compare corneal structural and biomechanical properties, characterized by corneal hysteresis (CH) and resistance factor (CRF), between patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and determine the main ocular variables that influence them. Methods. Sixty diabetic and 48 age- and sex-matched non-DM patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The DM group was analyzed according to DM duration (<or ≥ 10 years), HbA1c levels (<or ≥ 7%), and presence of retinopathy. CH and CRF were evaluated using the Ocular Response Analyzer® (ORA). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was determined by Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam® HR). Intraocular pressure was obtained with ORA (IOPcc) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOP-GAT). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between demographical, clinical, and ocular variables with the biomechanical properties. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the CH and the CRF between DM and non-DM groups (p=0.637 and p=0.439, respectively). Also, there was no statistical difference between groups for the CCT, IOPcc, or IOP-GAT. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that CH was positively associated with CCT (p<0.001) and negatively associated with IOPcc (p<0.001), while CRF was positively associated with CCT (p<0.001) and IOPcc (p=0.014). Conclusion. The CCT and IOPcc were found to be the main parameters that affect corneal biomechanical properties both in diabetics and controls. In this study, there was no significant effect of DM type 2 on corneal biomechanics.

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