Limitations in predicting oxyhemoglobin saturation of dog blood from PO2

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. H703-H705
Author(s):  
D. Saito ◽  
R. A. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Error Estimates ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dog Blood ◽  
The Difference

This study compared oxyhemoglobin saturation (SO2) and O2 content (CO2) estimated from O2 tension (PO2) by the Rossing-Cain nomogram (J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 195-201, 1966) with SO2 and CO2 estimated by a galvanometric O2 analyzer in blood samples from eight dogs. The nomogram consistently and significantly overestimated SO2 over the range of 20-60%. The greatest absolute difference, which averaged 10% saturation, was between 40 and 59% saturation. Between 30 and 39% saturation, the difference averaged 30% of SO2 estimated galvanometrically. CO2, calculated as the product of SO2, hemoglobin concentration (cyanmethemoglobin method), and hemoglobin O2 capacity, was significantly overestimated by the nomogram by as much as 1.2 ml/dl between 2 and 9.9 ml/dl. Between 14 and 21.9 ml/dl, the nomogram underestimated CO2 by as much as 1.2 ml/dl. We conclude that because coronary venous SO2 and CO2 values normally lie in the range of greatest error, estimates of these values based on PO2 are particularly unsuited for studies of myocardial O2 usage.

scholarly journals CO-Oximetry interference by perflubron emulsion: comparison of hemolyzing and nonhemolyzing instruments

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2183-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Shepherd ◽  
J M Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Total Hemoglobin Concentration

Abstract Perflubron emulsion is expected to be in clinical use soon as a non-hemoglobin blood substitute. A preliminary report indicates that this new oxygen-carrying fluorocarbon interferes with the measurements of CO-oximeters. Therefore, we have quantified the interference that perflubron causes in the measurements of eight widely used oximeters and CO-oximeters. The AVL Omni 6, CC270, IL482, IL682, and OSM3 are conventional CO-oximeters that hemolyze blood samples before analyzing them. In contrast, the AVOXimeters 1000 and 4000 and the IL Synthesis 35 make their measurements without hemolyzing the samples. Because perflubron is expected to be used most frequently on surgical patients in a hemodiluted state, we conducted all tests on human erythrocytes suspended in plasma at a hemoglobin concentration standardized to 70 g/L (7 g/dL) and with oxyhemoglobin saturation set at 97%. When perflubron was added to the blood samples, the nonhemolyzing CO-oximeters were not seriously affected by perflubron concentrations in and above the therapeutic range. In contrast, some of the hemolyzing CO-oximeters experienced concentration-dependent interference in their measurements of all analytes except total hemoglobin concentration. Thus, we conclude that the nonhemolyzing CO-oximeters provide an effective means for determining whether a hemolyzing CO-oximeter is experiencing clinically important interference in blood from patients receiving perflubron.

scholarly journals Subunit assembly of hemoglobin: an important determinant of hematologic phenotype

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Positively Charged

Hemoglobin's physiologic properties depend on the orderly assembly of its subunits in erythropoietic cells. The biosynthesis of alpha- and beta-globin polypeptide chains is normally balanced. Heme rapidly binds to the globin subunit, either during translation or shortly thereafter. The formation of the alpha beta-dimer is facilitated by electrostatic attraction of a positively charged alpha-subunit to a negatively charged beta-subunit. The alpha beta-dimer dissociates extremely slowly. The difference between the rate of dissociation of alpha beta- and alpha gamma-dimers with increasing pH explains the well-known alkaline resistance of Hb F. Two dimers combine to form the functioning alpha 2 beta 2-tetramer. This model of hemoglobin assembly explains the different levels of positively charged and negatively charged mutant hemoglobins that are encountered in heterozygotes and the effect of alpha-thalassemia and heme deficiency states in modifying the level of the variant hemoglobin as well as Hb A2. Electrostatic interactions also affect the binding of hemoglobin to the cytoplasmic surface of the red cell membrane and may underlie the formation of target cells. Enhanced binding of positively charged variants such as S and C trigger a normally dormant pathway for potassium and water loss. Thus, the positive charge on beta c is responsible for the two major contributors to the pathogenesis of Hb SC disease: increased proportion of Hb S and increased intracellular hemoglobin concentration. It is likely that electrostatic interactions play an important role in the assembly of a number of other multisubunit macromolecules, including membrane receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, and DNA binding proteins.

scholarly journals Maternal and neonatal seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Tripoli, Libya

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida El-Magrahe ◽  
Abdul Rahaman Furarah ◽  
Kheiria El-Figih ◽  
Sued El-Urshfany ◽  
Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background: Pregnant women with Hepatitis B virus HBV represent a major reservoir of the virus in the community. Data regarding the prevalence of HBV in pregnant women and maternal transmission of the virus in Libya are lacking. Methodology: Hepatitis blood samples from 1,500 pregnant women and 1,500 cord blood samples of their neonates delivered at Tripoli Medical Center, Tripoli, were tested for HBsAg by ELISA technique. HBsAg-positive samples were also tested for HBeAg. Results: HBsAg was detected in 1.5% (23/1,500) pregnant women and in 0.9% (14/1,500) neonates. Although HBsAg was detected at higher rate in pregnant women aged > 25 years [1.8% (22/1,235)] than in pregnant women aged < 25 years [0.4% (1/265)], the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). All HBsAg-positive neonates were born to HBsAg-positive mothers with a rate of maternal transmission at 60.9% (14/23). HBeAg was detected in 21.7% (5/23) and in 7.1% (1/14) of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and neonates, respectively. Conclusions: Because of the high risk of developing chronic HBV infection at birth among infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers, administration of HBIG in combination with hepatitis B vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis for such infants is of paramount importance. In addition, universal HBsAg screening of all pregnant women will greatly assist in reducing the maternal transmission of HBV in the country.

scholarly journals Influence of Network Multimedia Nutritional Supplements on Basketball Exercise Fatigue Based on Embedded Microprocessor

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Shihong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Sports can cause the consumption of energy materials in the body. The rational use of nutritional supplements can maintain the homeostasis of the organism, which plays a very important role in improving the competitive performance of sports athletes. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of nutritional supplements on basketball sports fatigue. The method of this study is as follows: first of all, 15 basketball players in our city were selected as the experimental objects, and they were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The members of the experimental group took nutrients. After the training, 6 days a week, 3 hours in the morning and 3 hours in the afternoon, and the rest was adjusted on Sunday. Before training, four weeks and eight weeks of training, the blood routine indexes and body functions of athletes were tested. The results showed that the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, and average hemoglobin concentration of ligustilide supplement of the athletes were at the level of 0.05 after 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and the difference was significant ( P < 0.05 ). The nutritional supplements were used in sprint (3.4 s less), long-distance running (12.8 s less), and weight lifting (6.2 kg more) to a certain extent. Nutritional supplements are used as an auxiliary means of diet to supplement the amino acids, trace elements, vitamins, minerals, etc. required by the human body. The conclusion is that nutrition supplement can effectively improve the indexes of athletes’ body in about four weeks, but the effect is not obvious after a long time. This study provides a certain method for the research of nutritional supplements in the field of sports.

scholarly journals Comparison of Inflammatory Reactions Following Two Different Cesarean Section Techniques: The Modified Misgav-Ladach Versus the Pfannenstiel-Kerr; A Prospective Randomized Trial

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Baris Buke ◽  
Hatice Akkaya ◽  
Cigdem Karakukcu
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> There is not yet a consensus on the optimal surgical technique for cesarean section. This is the first study comparing two different (Cesarean Section) with respect to the following inflammatory reaction in means of changes in inflammatory marker levels.<br />To evaluate the differences in inflammatory reactions following two different (Cesarean Section) techniques, the modified Misgav-Ladach versus the Pfannenstiel-Kerr technique.</p><p><strong>Study Desıgn:</strong> The study population included 88 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. These women were randomized into two groups according to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines: Group 1 (Misgav-Ladach group) and Group 2 (Pfannenstiel Kerr group). To compare the inflammatory reactions following surgery, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured in venous blood samples drawn from the patients just before (0 hour) and 24 hours (24th hour) after the surgery. In 5 women from Group 1 and 2 women from Group 2, the 24th hour blood samples could not be obtained or were lost. Thus, a total of 81 women, 39 women from Group 1 and 42 women from Group 2, comprised the population of study. The differences in inflammatory reactions between the 0 and 24th hours were analyzed by calculating the percent change in IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and these percentages were then compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There was a statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 regarding the serum IL-6 level change between 0 and 24th hour (530±653% and 196±168%, respectively, p=0.022. The difference in TNF-α was also higher in Group 2, but the difference was not statistically significant (229±306% vs. 571±824%, p=0.12). The mean operation time was significantly shorter in Group 1 (9.44 min. vs. 16.86 min, p=0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of this study indicate that the modified Misgav-Ladach technique has a weaker inflammatory reaction, which indicates fewer short- and long-term surgical complications.</p>

Correlation of SaO2 in patients of COVID-19 with and without COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2945-2947
Author(s):  
Ali Faheem ◽  
Misbah-ul- Qamar ◽  
Saveela Sadaqat ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Rizwan Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
The World ◽  
Pulmonary Cells ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Difference

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc throughout the world, with 150 million cases to date and over 3 million lives claimed worldwide. Aim: To explored the difference in levels of SaO2 of COVID-19 positive patients with and without COPD. Study design: Experimental Study. Methodology: From May2020 to 2021 patients admitted at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed hospital were included in this studies. COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR.COPD was confirmed by using GOLD standard of diagnostic criteria. SaO2 was measured by using pulse oximeter and confirmed by blood samples measurement of SaO2. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. Paired sample t test was performed to evaluate the hypoxia levels between three pairs among the time distribution of 1st, 3rd, and 6th, day. Results: Levels of SaO2 were statistically significant between COVID-19 positive patients and COVID-19 positive patients with COPD. We calculated the levels of SaO2 at day1, 3rd, and 6th day and results were significant to show that COPD might be having some protective effect against hypoxia and that might be due to use of medications or adaptation of pulmonary cells. Conclusion: It was concluded that levels of SaO2 was significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients without COPD in comparison to patients without COPD. Keywords: COVID-19, COPD and SaO2.

Performance Evaluation of Different Cost Functions in Motion Vector Estimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvojit Acharjee ◽  
Sayan Chakraborty ◽  
Wahiba Ben Abdessalem Karaa ◽  
Ahmad Taher Azar ◽  
Nilanjan Dey
Keyword(s):  
Video Compression ◽  
Motion Vector ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Mean Absolute Difference ◽  
Vector Estimation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temporal Redundancy

Video is an important medium in terms of information sharing in this present era. The tremendous growth of video use can be seen in the traditional multimedia application as well as in many other applications like medical videos, surveillance video etc. Raw video data is usually large in size, which demands for video compression. In different video compressing schemes, motion vector is a very important step to remove the temporal redundancy. A frame is first divided into small blocks and then motion vector for each block is computed. The difference between two blocks is evaluated by different cost functions (i.e. mean absolute difference (MAD), mean square error (MSE) etc).In this paper the performance of different cost functions was evaluated and also the most suitable cost function for motion vector estimation was found.

Immunochemical Studies Of The Reaction Of Human Desarginyl-Fibrinopeptide B (Desarg-Fpb) With Anti-Fpb Sera

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
V P Butler ◽  
D Tse-Eng ◽  
H L Nossel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Carboxypeptidase B ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Fibrin II formation may be essential in thrombosis. Measurement of free FPB is the only direct index of fibrin II formation but is complicated by the fact that carboxypeptidase B rapidly cleaves the COOH-terminal arginine from FPB in human plasma. To facilitate the assay of Desarg-FPB as an index of in vivo FPB release, the immuno-chemical reactivity of Desarg-FPB with anti-FPB sera has been studied. As previously reported, Desarg-FPB was considerably less effective (0.7-17%) than FPB in inhibiting the binding of an 125I-FPB analog by five of six rabbit antisera studied in detail. Surprisingly, Desarg-FPB was 4 to 27 times.more effective than FPB in inhibiting the binding of an 125I-Desarg-FPB analog by the six anti-FPB sera. For example, in the case of antiserum R-28, FPB was 145 times more effective than Desarg-FPB in inhibiting the binding of the 125I-FPB analog but Desarg-FPB was 27 times more effective than FPB in inhibiting the binding of the 125I-Desarg-FPB analog. These findings indicate that the FPB and Desarg-FPB analogs are bound by different antibody populations. We suggest that carboxypeptidase B converts some molecules of FPB-protein conjugates to Desarg-FPB derivatives during the immunization of rabbits. From a practical point of view, the difference in reactivity of the different antisera has enabled the rational selection of anti-FPB sera for use in the assay of Desarg-FPB and its distinction from FPB. With the use of an appropriate antiserum, Desarg-FPB levels have been measured in clinical blood samples and the sensitivity is such that distinction can be made between levels in normal individuals and in disease states.

scholarly journals A COVID-19 Hotspot Area: Activities and Epidemiological Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cito ◽  
Laura Amato ◽  
Alessandra Di Giuseppe ◽  
Maria Luisa Danzetta ◽  
Simona Iannetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
P Value ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Abruzzo Region ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village ◽  
Emergency Measures

By late March 2020, Villa Caldari, a small village of the municipality of Ortona (Abruzzo region), was registering an incidence rate of COVID-19 cases ten times greater than the overall municipality and was declared a hotspot area. Twenty-two days later, epidemiological investigation and sampling were performed, to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 circulation and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Overall, 681 nasopharyngeal swabs and 667 blood samples were collected. Only one resident of the village resulted in being positive for RNA viral shedding, while 73 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall seroprevalence was 10.9%. The difference between the seroprevalence of infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals was significant (χ2 = 14.50 p-value = 0.0001). Amongst the residents positive for antibodies, fatigue and/or muscle pain, fever and anosmia were the most experienced symptoms, whose most frequent onset was observed during the first two weeks of March. Familial and habit-related clusters were highlighted. Nevertheless, the investigations showed a low SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the village at the time of the sampling, demonstrating virus transmission could be limited when strict emergency measures are followed. Given the favorable results, the emergency measures were then lifted.

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