Effects of an acute exercise bout in hypoxia on extracellular vesicle release in healthy and prediabetic subjects

Author(s):  
Geoffrey Warnier ◽  
Estelle De Groote ◽  
Florian A. Britto ◽  
Ophélie Delcorte ◽  
Joshua P. Nederveen ◽  
...  

Purpose: To investigate exosome-like vesicle (ELV) plasma concentrations and markers of multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis in skeletal muscle in response to acute exercise. Methods: Seventeen healthy (BMI: 23.5±0.5kg·m-2) and fifteen prediabetic (BMI: 27.3±1.2kg·m-2) men were randomly assigned to two groups performing an acute cycling bout in normoxia or hypoxia (FiO2 14.0%). Venous blood samples were taken before (T0), during (T30) and after (T60) exercise and biopsies from m. vastus lateralis were collected before and after exercise. Plasma ELVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography, counted by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and characterized according to international standards, followed by expression analyses of canonical ELV markers in skeletal muscle. Results: In the healthy normoxic group, the total number of particles in the plasma increased during exercise from T0 to T30 (+313%) followed by a decrease from T30 to T60 (-53%). In the same group, an increase in TSG101, CD81 and HSP60 protein expression was measured after exercise in plasma ELVs; however, in the prediabetic group, the total number of particles in the plasma was not affected by exercise. The mRNA content of TSG101, ALIX and CD9 were upregulated in skeletal muscle after exercise in normoxia; whereas, CD9 and CD81 were downregulated in hypoxia. Conclusions: ELV plasma abundance increased in response to acute aerobic exercise in healthy subjects in normoxia, but not in prediabetic subjects, nor in hypoxia. Skeletal muscle analyses suggested that this tissue did not likely play a major role of the exercise-induced increase in circulating ELVs.

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Ryan ◽  
Kevin A. Zwetsloot ◽  
Lenna M. Westerkamp ◽  
Robert C. Hickner ◽  
Walter E. Pofahl ◽  
...  

Recently, we observed that muscle capillarization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, and the VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise were lower in aged compared with young women (Croley AN, Zwetsloot KA, Westerkamp LM, Ryan NA, Pendergast aged men, Hickner RC, Pofahl WE, and Gavin TP. J Appl Physiol 99: 1875–1882, 2005). We hypothesized that similar age-related differences in muscle capillarization and VEGF expression would exist between young and aged men. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and at 4 h after a submaximal exercise bout for the measurement of morphometry, capillarization, VEGF, KDR, and Flt-1 in seven aged (mean age 65 yr) and eight young (mean age 21 yr) sedentary men. In aged compared with young men, muscle capillary contacts and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange index were lower regardless of fiber type. Muscle VEGF mRNA and protein were lower in aged men both at rest and 4 h postexercise. Exercise increased muscle VEGF mRNA and protein and KDR mRNA independent of age group. There were no effects of exercise or age on muscle Flt-1 mRNA or protein or KDR protein. These results confirm that skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression are lower in aged compared with young men.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochette Emmanuelle ◽  
Duché Pascale ◽  
Hourdé Christophe ◽  
Evrard Bertrand ◽  
Pereira Bruno ◽  
...  

Objective. In a context of inflammatory disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), we do not know what impact physical activity may have on a deregulated immune system. The objective is to measure the impact of a single bout of exercise on plasma inflammatory markers such as calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methods. Twelve children with JIA performed a nonexercise control day and a consecutive day that included a 20 min exercise bout at 70% of max-HR at 08:30 am. Venous blood samples were taken at 08:30, 08:50, 09:30, 10:30 am, and 12:00 pm to measure plasma concentrations of calprotectin, IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130, cortisol, and ACTH. Pain was evaluated at 08:30, 08:50 am, and 06:00 pm. Results. There was a transient twofold increase in postexercise self-evaluated pain (p=0.03) that disappeared in the evening. A single bout of exercise resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in plasma calprotectin (p<0.001) but not IL-6 and its soluble receptors. Calprotectin levels returned to baseline within 3 hours after cessation of exercise. Conclusion. Acute exercise in children with JIA induced slightly musculoskeletal leg pain and transient increased plasma calprotectin levels but not IL-6 levels. Trial registration in ClinicalTrials.gov, reference number NCT 02502539, registered on 29 May 2015.


2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. R1441-R1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon G. Coffey ◽  
Bozena Jemiolo ◽  
Johann Edge ◽  
Andrew P. Garnham ◽  
Scott W. Trappe ◽  
...  

We examined acute molecular responses in skeletal muscle to repeated sprint and resistance exercise bouts. Six men [age, 24.7 ± 6.3 yr; body mass, 81.6 ± 7.3 kg; peak oxygen uptake, 47 ± 9.9 ml·kg−1·min−1; one repetition maximum (1-RM) leg extension 92.2 ± 12.5 kg; means ± SD] were randomly assigned to trials consisting of either resistance exercise (8 × 5 leg extension, 80% 1-RM) followed by repeated sprints (10 × 6 s, 0.75 N·m torque·kg−1) or vice-versa. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis were obtained at rest, 15 min after each exercise bout, and following 3-h recovery to determine early signaling and mRNA responses. There was divergent exercise order-dependent phosphorylation of p70 S6K (S6K). Specifically, initial resistance exercise increased S6K phosphorylation (∼75% P < 0.05), but there was no effect when resistance exercise was undertaken after sprints. Exercise decreased IGF-I mRNA following 3-h recovery (∼50%, P = 0.06) independent of order, while muscle RING finger mRNA was elevated with a moderate exercise order effect ( P < 0.01). When resistance exercise was followed by repeated sprints PGC-1α mRNA was increased (REX1-SPR2; P = 0.02) with a modest distinction between exercise orders. Repeated sprints may promote acute interference on resistance exercise responses by attenuating translation initiation signaling and exacerbating ubiquitin ligase expression. Indeed, repeated sprints appear to generate the overriding acute exercise-induced response when undertaking concurrent repeated sprint and resistance exercise. Accordingly, we suggest that sprint-activities are isolated from resistance training and that adequate recovery time is considered within periodized training plans that incorporate these divergent exercise modes.


2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. E456-E466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubacar Benziane ◽  
Ulrika Widegren ◽  
Sergej Pirkmajer ◽  
Jan Henriksson ◽  
Nigel K. Stepto ◽  
...  

Phospholemman (PLM, FXYD1) is a partner protein and regulator of the Na+-K+-ATPase (Na+-K+ pump). We explored the impact of acute and short-term training exercise on PLM physiology in human skeletal muscle. A group of moderately trained males ( n = 8) performed a 1-h acute bout of exercise by utilizing a one-legged cycling protocol. Muscle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis at 0 and 63 min (non-exercised leg) and 30 and 60 min (exercised leg). In a group of sedentary males ( n = 9), we determined the effect of a 10-day intense aerobic cycle training on Na+-K+-ATPase subunit expression, PLM phosphorylation, and total PLM expression as well as PLM phosphorylation in response to acute exercise (1 h at ∼72% V̇o2peak). Biopsies were taken at rest, immediately following, and 3 h after an acute exercise bout before and at the conclusion of the 10-day training study. PLM phosphorylation was increased both at Ser63 and Ser68 immediately after acute exercise (75%, P < 0.05, and 30%, P < 0.05, respectively). Short-term training had no adaptive effect on PLM phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser68, nor was the total amount of PLM altered posttraining. The protein expressions of α1-, α2-,and β1-subunits of Na+-K+-ATPase were increased after training (113%, P < 0.05, 49%, P < 0.05, and 27%, P < 0.05, respectively). Whereas an acute bout of exercise increased the phosphorylation of PKCα/βII on Thr638/641 pre- and posttraining, phosphorylation of PKCζ/λ on Thr403/410 was increased in response to acute exercise only after the 10-day training. In conclusion, we show that only acute exercise, and not short-term training, increases phosphorylation of PLM on Ser63 and Ser68, and data from one-legged cycling indicate that this effect of exercise on PLM phosphorylation is not due to systemic factors. Our results provide evidence that phosphorylation of PLM may play a role in the acute regulation of the Na+-K+-ATPase response to exercise.


2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 1012-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gustafsson ◽  
H. Rundqvist ◽  
J. Norrbom ◽  
E. Rullman ◽  
E. Jansson ◽  
...  

Eleven subjects performed one-legged exercise four times per week for 5 wk. The subjects exercised one leg for 45 min with restricted blood flow (R leg), followed by exercise with the other leg at the same absolute workload with unrestricted blood flow (UR leg). mRNA and protein expression were measured in biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle obtained at rest before the training period, after 10 days, and after 5 wk of training, as well as 120 min after the first and last exercise bouts. Basal Ang-2 and Tie-1 mRNA levels increased in both legs with training. The Ang-2-to-Ang-1 ratio increased to a greater extent in the R leg. The changes in Ang-2 mRNA were followed by similar changes at the protein level. In the R leg, VEGF-A mRNA expression responded transiently after acute exercise both before and after the 5-wk training program. Over the course of the exercise program, there was a concurrent increase in basal VEGF-A protein and VEGFR-2 mRNA in the R leg. Ki-67 mRNA showed a greater increase in the R leg and the protein was localized to the endothelial cells. In summary, the increased translation of VEGF-A is suggested to be caused by the short mRNA burst induced by each exercise bout. The concurrent increase in the Ang-2-to-Ang-1 ratio and the VEGF-expression combined with the higher level of Ki-67 mRNA in the R leg indicate that changes in these systems are of importance also in nonpathological angiogenic condition such as voluntary exercise in humans. It further establish that hypoxia/ischemia-related metabolic perturbation is likely to be involved as stimuli in this process in human skeletal muscle.


1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bejma ◽  
L. L. Ji

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the mechanism of biological aging and exercise-induced oxidative damage. The present study examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise on intracellular ROS production, lipid and protein peroxidation, and GSH status in the skeletal muscle of young adult (8 mo, n = 24) and old (24 mo, n = 24) female Fischer 344 rats. Young rats ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min and 5% grade until exhaustion (55.4 ± 2.7 min), whereas old rats ran at 15 m/min and 5% grade until exhaustion (58.0 ± 2.7 min). Rate of dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation, an indication of ROS and other intracellular oxidants production in the homogenate of deep vastus lateralis, was 77% ( P < 0.01) higher in rested old vs. young rats. Exercise increased DCFH oxidation by 38% ( P < 0.09) and 50% ( P < 0.01) in the young and old rats, respectively. DCFH oxidation in isolated deep vastus lateralis mitochondria with site 1 substrates was elevated by 57% ( P < 0.01) in old vs. young rats but was unaltered with exercise. Significantly higher DCFH oxidation rate was also found in aged-muscle mitochondria ( P < 0.01), but not in homogenates, when ADP, NADPH, and Fe3+ were included in the assay medium without substrates. Lipid peroxidation in muscle measured by malondialdehyde content showed no age effect, but was increased by 20% ( P < 0.05) with exercise in both young and old rats. Muscle protein carbonyl formation was unaffected by either age or exercise. Mitochondrial GSH/ GSSG ratio was significantly higher in aged vs. young rats ( P < 0.05), whereas exercise increased GSSG content and decreased GSH/GSSG in both age groups ( P < 0.05). These data provided direct evidence that oxidant production in skeletal muscle is increased in old age and during prolonged exercise, with both mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidase as potential sources. The alterations of muscle lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial GSH status were consistent with these conclusions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. E605-E614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil V. Popov ◽  
Pavel A. Makhnovskii ◽  
Elena I. Shagimardanova ◽  
Guzel R. Gazizova ◽  
Evgeny A. Lysenko ◽  
...  

Reduction in daily activity leads to dramatic metabolic disorders, while regular aerobic exercise training is effective for preventing this problem. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that are directly related to contractile activity in human skeletal muscle, regardless of the level of fitness. Transcriptome changes after the one-legged knee extension exercise in exercised and contralateral nonexercised vastus lateralis muscle of seven men were evaluated by RNA-seq. Transcriptome change at baseline after 2 mo of aerobic training (5/wk, 1 h/day) was evaluated as well. Postexercise changes in the transcriptome of exercised muscle were associated with different factors, including circadian oscillations. To reveal transcriptome response specific for endurance-like contractile activity, differentially expressed genes between exercised and nonexercised muscle were evaluated at 1 and 4 h after the one-legged exercise. The contractile activity-specific transcriptome responses were associated only with an increase in gene expression and were regulated mainly by CREB/ATF/AP1-, MYC/MAX-, and E2F-related transcription factors. Endurance training-induced changes (an increase or decrease) in the transcriptome at baseline were more pronounced than transcriptome responses specific for acute contractile activity. Changes after training were associated with widely different biological processes than those after acute exercise and were regulated by different transcription factors (IRF- and STAT-related factors). In conclusion, adaptation to regular exercise is associated not only with a transient (over several hours) increase in expression of many contractile activity-specific genes, but also with a pronounced change (an increase or decrease) in expression of a large number of genes under baseline conditions.


Author(s):  
David B. Preen ◽  
Brian T. Dawson ◽  
Carmel Goodman ◽  
John Beilby ◽  
Simon Ching

This study attempted to determine the relationship between creatine (Cr) accumulation in human skeletal muscle and erythrocytes following Cr supplementation. If a strong relationship exists, a blood test might provide a practical, less invasive alternative than muscle biopsy for evaluating cellular Cr accumulation. Eighteen active, but not well-trained males were supplemented with Cr (4 × 5g/d) for 5 d. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained pre- and post-loading and analyzed for Cr, phosphocreatine (PCr), and total Cr (TCr) content. Venous blood was also drawn at these times to determine erythrocyte Cr concentrations. Muscle Cr, PCr, and TCr concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) by 39.8%, 7.5%, and 20.1% respectively following supplementation. Erythrocyte Cr concentrations were also elevated (P < 0.01) following the loading period, although to a greater relative degree than tissue concentrations (129.6%). Pre- and post-loading erythrocyte Cr concentrations were poorly and nonsignificantly correlated with that observed in skeletal muscle. Further, loading-mediated increases in erythrocyte Cr concentrations were poorly correlated with elevations in muscle Cr (r = 0.07), PCr (r = 0.06) or TCr (r = 0.04) concentrations. Erythrocyte Cr concentrations can be augmented by 5 d of Cr supplementation, however, this elevation does not reflect that observed in skeletal muscle obtained by muscle biopsy. Consequently, erythrocyte response to Cr loading is not a reliable measure of skeletal muscle Cr/TCr accumulation.


1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. E102-E107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bonen ◽  
K. J. A. McCullagh ◽  
C. T. Putman ◽  
E. Hultman ◽  
N. L. Jones ◽  
...  

We examined the effects of increasing a known lactate transporter protein, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), on lactate extrusion from human skeletal muscle during exercise. Before and after short-term bicycle ergometry training [2 h/day, 7 days at 65% maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max)], subjects ( n = 7) completed a continuous bicycle ergometer ride at 30%V˙o 2 max (15 min), 60%V˙o 2 max (15 min), and 75% V˙o 2 max (15 min). Muscle biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) and arterial and femoral venous blood samples were obtained before exercise and at the end of each workload. After 7 days of training the MCT1 content in muscle was increased (+18%; P < 0.05). The concentrations of both muscle lactate and femoral venous lactate were reduced during exercise ( P < 0.05) that was performed after training. High correlations were observed between muscle lactate and venous lactate before training ( r = 0.92, P < 0.05) and after training ( r = 0.85, P < 0.05), but the slopes of the regression lines between these variables differed markedly. Before training, the slope was 0.12 ± 0.01 mM lactate ⋅ mmol lactate−1 ⋅ kg muscle dry wt−1, and this was increased by 33% after training to 0.18 ± 0.02 mM lactate ⋅ mmol lactate−1 ⋅ kg muscle dry wt−1. This indicated that after training the femoral venous lactate concentrations were increased for a given amount of muscle lactate. These results suggest that lactate extrusion from exercising muscles is increased after training, and this may be associated with the increase in skeletal muscle MCT1.


2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Newsom ◽  
Joseph T. Brozinick ◽  
Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades ◽  
Allison N. Strauss ◽  
Samantha D. Bacon ◽  
...  

Several recent reports indicate that the balance of skeletal muscle phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a key determinant of muscle contractile function and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between skeletal muscle PC, PE and insulin sensitivity, and whether PC and PE are dynamically regulated in response to acute exercise in humans. Insulin sensitivity was measured via intravenous glucose tolerance in sedentary obese adults (OB; n = 14), individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 15), and endurance-trained athletes (ATH; n = 15). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, immediately after 90 min of cycle ergometry at 50% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max), and 2-h postexercise (recovery). Skeletal muscle PC and PE were measured via infusion-based mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis. ATH had greater levels of muscle PC and PE compared with OB and T2D ( P < 0.05), with total PC and PE positively relating to insulin sensitivity (both P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle PC:PE ratio was elevated in T2D compared with OB and ATH ( P < 0.05), tended to be elevated in OB vs. ATH ( P = 0.07), and was inversely related to insulin sensitivity among the entire cohort ( r = −0.43, P = 0.01). Muscle PC and PE were altered by exercise, particularly after 2 h of recovery, in a highly group-specific manner. However, muscle PC:PE ratio remained unchanged in all groups. In summary, total muscle PC and PE are positively related to insulin sensitivity while PC:PE ratio is inversely related to insulin sensitivity in humans. A single session of exercise significantly alters skeletal muscle PC and PE levels, but not PC:PE ratio.


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