scholarly journals Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of Rapid Followup

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Mundell ◽  
C. Guidorzi ◽  
I. A. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Status Report ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Optical Telescopes ◽  
Polarisation Measurements

We present a status report on the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the era of rapid followup using the world's largest robotic optical telescopes—the 2 m Liverpool and Faulkes telescopes. Within the context of key unsolved issues in GRB physics, we describe (1) our innovative software that allows real-time automatic analysis and interpretation of GRB light curves, (2) the novel instrumentation that allows unique types of observations (in particular, early time polarisation measurements), and (3) the key science questions and discoveries to which robotic observations are ideally suited, concluding with a summary of current understanding of GRB physics provided by combining rapid optical observations with simultaneous observations at other wavelengths.

scholarly journals Study of very early phase GRB afterglows with MITSuME

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S279) ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Saito ◽  
Yoichi Yatsu ◽  
Hideya Nakajima ◽  
Nobuyuki Kawai ◽  
Katsuaki Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Photometric Observations ◽  
Optical Telescopes

AbstractWe review the results of very early phase optical follow-up observations of recent gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with the multi-color optical telescopes “MITSuME”. The MITSuME telescopes were designed to perform “real time” and “automatic” follow-up observations prompted by the GCN alerts via the Internet. The rapidly slewing equatorial mounts allow MITSuME to start photometric observations within 100 seconds after the trigger for several GRBs. In particular, we detected a brightening just after the trigger for two GRBs. These phenomena could be interpreted as the “on-set” of afterglow. In this paper we summarize these optical observations with a brief interpretation.

scholarly journals Optical pulsars and polarimetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S337) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Shearer ◽  
Eoin O’ Connor
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Crab Pulsar ◽  
Optical Detectors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
Optical Telescopes ◽  
Polarisation Measurements

AbstractDespite the early optical detection of the Crab pulsar in 1969, optical pulsars have become the poor cousin of the neutron star family. Only five normal pulsars have been observed to pulse in the optical waveband. A further three magnetars/SGRs have been detected in the optical/near IR. Optical pulsars are intrinsically faint with a first order luminosity, predicted by Pacini, to be proportional to P−10, where P is the pulsar’s period. Consequently they require both large telescopes, generally over-subscribed, and long exposure times, generally difficult to get. However optical observations have the benefit that polarisation and spectral observations are possible compared to X-ray and gamma-ray observations where polarisation measurements are limited. Over the next decade the number of optical pulsars should increase as optical detectors approach 100% quantum efficiency and as we move into the era of extremely large telescopes where limiting fluxes will be 30 to 100 times fainter compared to existing optical telescopes.

scholarly journals Lomonosov GRB Catalogue: The First Experience of Prompt Emission Multi-Wavelength Observations

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
V. A. Sadovnichy ◽  
M. I. Panasyuk ◽  
S. I. Svertilov ◽  
V. M. Lipunov ◽  
V. V. Bogomolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Space Observatory ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Prompt Emission

This paper presents a catalogue of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that were detected by the instruments onboard the Lomonosov space observatory. The Lomonosov mission gave the first experience of not only multi-wavelength (from optical to gamma) observations of GRBs but also multi-messenger observations of extreme phenomena and GRBs. The detailed light curves and energy spectra of the detected GRBs are presented. The results of the prompt, early an afterglow optical observations of several GRBs are discussed.

Can Precessing Jets Explain the Light Curves of Gamma‐Ray Bursts?

1999 ◽  
Vol 520 (2) ◽  
pp. 666-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon F. Portegies Zwart ◽  
Chang‐Hwan Lee ◽  
Hyun Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves

Swift observations of gamma-ray bursts

2007 ◽  
Vol 365 (1854) ◽  
pp. 1119-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gehrels
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Nearby Galaxy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Short Grbs

Since its launch on 20 November 2004, the Swift mission has been detecting approximately 100 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) each year, and immediately (within approx. 90 s) starting simultaneous X-ray and UV/optical observations of the afterglow. It has already collected an impressive database, including prompt emission to higher sensitivities than BATSE, uniform monitoring of afterglows and a rapid follow-up by other observatories notified through the GCN. Advances in our understanding of short GRBs have been spectacular. The detection of X-ray afterglows has led to accurate localizations and the conclusion that short GRBs can occur in non-star-forming galaxies or regions, whereas long GRBs are strongly concentrated within the star-forming regions. This is consistent with the NS merger model. Swift has greatly increased the redshift range of GRB detection. The highest redshift GRBs, at z ∼5–6, are approaching the era of reionization. Ground-based deep optical spectroscopy of high redshift bursts is giving metallicity measurements and other information on the source environment to a much greater distance than other techniques. The localization of GRB 060218 to a nearby galaxy, and the association with SN 2006aj, added a valuable member to the class of GRBs with detected supernova.

scholarly journals Constraints on the circumburst environments of short gamma-ray bursts

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 (4) ◽  
pp. 4782-4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan O’Connor ◽  
Paz Beniamini ◽  
Chryssa Kouveliotou
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Binary Neutron Star ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Short Grbs

ABSTRACT Observational follow up of well localized short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) has left $20\!-\!30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the population without a coincident host galaxy association to deep optical and NIR limits (≳26 mag). These SGRBs have been classified as observationally hostless due to their lack of strong host associations. It has been argued that these hostless SGRBs could be an indication of the large distances traversed by the binary neutron star system (due to natal kicks) between its formation and its merger (leading to an SGRB). The distances of GRBs from their host galaxies can be indirectly probed by the surrounding circumburst densities. We show that a lower limit on those densities can be obtained from early afterglow light curves. We find that ${\lesssim}16{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of short GRBs in our sample took place at densities ≲10−4 cm−3. These densities represent the expected range of values at distances greater than the host galaxy’s virial radii. We find that out of the five SGRBs in our sample that have been found to be observationally hostless, none are consistent with having occurred beyond the virial radius of their birth galaxies. This implies one of two scenarios. Either these observationally hostless SGRBs occurred outside of the half-light radius of their host galaxy, but well within the galactic halo, or in host galaxies at moderate to high redshifts (z ≳ 2) that were missed by follow-up observations.

Precursors of short gamma-ray bursts detected by the INTEGRAL observatory

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1844013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Minaev ◽  
Alexei Pozanenko ◽  
Sergei Molkov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Light Curve ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Short Grbs

We have analyzed the light curves of 527 short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) registered by the SPI-ACS, SPI and IBIS/ISGRI experiments of INTEGRAL observatory totally to search for precursors. Both the light curves of each 527 individual burst and the averaged light curve of 372 brightest SPI-ACS bursts have been analyzed. In a few cases, we have found and investigated precursor candidates using SPI-ACS, SPI and IBIS/ISGRI of INTEGRAL, GBM and LAT of Fermi data. No convincing evidence for the existence of precursors of short GRBs has been found. A statistical analysis of the averaged light curve for the sample of brightest short bursts has revealed no regular precursor. Upper limits for the relative intensity of precursors have been estimated. We show that the fraction of short GRBs with precursors is less than 0.4% of all short bursts, detected by INTEGRAL.

X‐Ray Light Curves of Gamma‐Ray Bursts Detected with the All‐Sky Monitor on RXTE

2002 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Smith ◽  
A. Levine ◽  
H. Bradt ◽  
K. Hurley ◽  
M. Feroci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sky Monitor

scholarly journals GRB 090727 AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH EARLY-TIME OPTICAL EMISSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kopač ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
A. Gomboc ◽  
J. Japelj ◽  
C. G. Mundell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts
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