scholarly journals HIV Vaccine Research: The Challenge and the Way Forward

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Bo Wang ◽  
Qiu-Hua Mo ◽  
Ze Yang
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic, with over 35 million people infected currently. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine is on top of the global health priority. In the past few years, there have been many promising advances in the prevention of HIV/AIDS, among which the RV144 Thai trial has been encouraging and suggests optimization of the current vaccine strategies or search for novel strategies. Here we reviewed the brief history of HIV-1 vaccine, analyzed key challenges existing now, and illustrated future research priority/directions for a therapeutic or prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine, with the hope of accelerating the speed of vaccine development. We believe that an effective HIV-1 vaccine, together with other prevention approaches, will bring an end to this epidemic in the near future.

Cross-species transmission and recombination of ‘AIDS’ viruses

1995 ◽  
Vol 349 (1327) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv 1

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two different Human Immunodeficiency Viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Closely related viruses (SIVs) are found in many species of non-human primates. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that cross-species transmission events have been quite frequent. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 appear to have resulted from multiple transfers of lentiviruses naturally infecting other primates; the source of HIV-2 appears to have been sooty mangabeys, whereas for HIV-1 the source may have been chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analyses also provide evidence that recombination has occurred between divergent viruses in vivo . Evolutionary trees based on various regions of the viral genome generally have consistent branching orders. However, some isolates fall into significantly different phylogenetic positions, indicating that their genomes are mosaics of sequences with different evolutionary histories. This implies that co-infection with highly divergent viral strains can occur in HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected primates; this could lead to the generation of hybrid genomes with significantly altered biological properties, and also has important implications for HIV vaccine development programmes.

scholarly journals Chronic Physical Illness Affects Emotion Regulation Process: A Case of HIV/AIDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiwari, G. K
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Hiv Aids

The chronic physical and mental clinical conditions are characterized by some or other sorts of emotional problems. People suffering from these diseases find themselves incapable to regulate their emotions resulting from pain, hopelessness, lack of care etc. The individuals suffering from Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) face many types of physical and mental health problems. The central goal of the present study was to compare and contrast the characteristic features of emotion regulation processes of the participants and uncover the intricacies of these processes rampant in the people living with chronic disease of HIV/AIDS. The two strategies of emotion regulation were chosen for this purpose i.e., emotional suppression and emotional appraisal. Eighty participants took part in the study in which forty were diagnosed male and female patients with HIV/AIDS and the rest forty were normal adults with no known/reported chronic disease of any kind. The results of the study evinced that the clinical and non-clinical participants significantly differed in their mean scores on emotional suppression and cognitive reappraisal strategies of emotion regulation. The results have been discussed in the light of current theories of emotion regulation along with their implications for future research.

scholarly journals The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarckian?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1410) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burr ◽  
J. M. Hyman ◽  
Gerald Myers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv 1

The subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV–1) group M exhibit a remarkable similarity in their between–subtype distances, which we refer to as high synchrony. The shape of the phylogenetic tree of these subtypes is referred to as a sunburst to distinguish it from a simple star phylogeny. Neither a sunburst pattern nor a comparable degree of symmetry is seen in a natural process such as in feline immunodeficiency virus evolution. We therefore have undertaken forward–process simulation studies employing coalescent theory to investigate whether such highly synchronized subtypes could be readily produced by natural Darwinian evolution. The forward model includes both classical (macro) and molecular (micro) epidemiological components. HIV–1 group M subtype synchrony is quantified using the standard deviation of the between–subtype distances and the average of the within–subtype distances. Highly synchronized subtypes and a sunburst phylogeny are not observed in our simulated data, leading to the conclusion that a quasi–Lamarckian, punctuated event occurred. The natural transfer theory for the origin of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cannot easily be reconciled with these findings and it is as if a recent non–Darwinian process took place coincident with the rise of AIDS in Africa.

Social Support and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Charles MS. Birore ◽  
Liyun Wu ◽  
Tina Abrefa-Gyan ◽  
Marilyn W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Utilization of antiretroviral therapies (ART) prolongs life and heightens ability to engage in productive activities among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study implemented a 6-week long Social Care Intervention (SCI) Program in Ghana and identified protective factors associated with Quality of Life (QoL) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We discovered that SCI model in the form of social support associated positively with differences in the QoL among PLWHA. Logistic regression revealed that social support, especially affectionate support, was positively associated with a higher level of QoL. People who were older and healthier tended to have higher levels of QoL compared with their counterparts who were younger and sicker. These findings suggest that building social support system can serve as an empowerment approach to promote quality of life among PLWHA in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources are limited.

scholarly journals Instrumen Pengukuran Kualitas Hidup Anak Terinfeksi HIV

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Toha Muhaimin ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Dharmayati B. Utoyo ◽  
Nia Kurniati ◽  
Triyanti Anugrahini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Special Instrument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Anak penderita Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) di Indonesia memperlihatkan tren yang semakin meningkat karena meningkatnya proporsi perempuan terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Pertimbangan pada dampak besar yang dihadapi anak penderita HIV mendorong kebutuhan pengembangan instrumen khusus untuk mengukur kualitas hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen kualitas hidup anak penderita AIDS dengan memodifikasi instrumenyang ada sesuai dengan konteks Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan hasil bahwa instrumen yang dikembangkan mempunyai reliabilitas yang cukup baik pada balita dan anak usia 5 – 11 tahun. Nilai reliabilitas (Cronbach’s Alpha) balita, domain fungsi fisik, fungsi sosial, dan gejala HIV masing masing adalah 0,71; 0,72; dan 0,88, sedangkan pada anak 5 – 11 tahun, domain fungsi-fungsi fisik, psikologis, sosial, sekolah, dan gejala terkait HIV masing-masing 0,76; 0,89; 0,67; 0,67; dan 0,88. Penelitian ini menunjukkan untuk konteks Indonesia, nilai ambang batas CD4 yang menunjukkan perbedaan kualitas hidup adalah 15%. Pada balita, dari berbagai ketiga domain, hanya domain gejala terkait HIV yang cukup sensitif untuk mendeteksi perbedaan kualitas hidup anak, sementara pada anak 5 – 11 hanya domain fungsi fisik dan fungsi psikologis yang cukup sensitif untuk mendeteksi perbedaan kualitas hidup anak. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak HIV pada anak masih terkonsentrasi pada gangguan fungsi fisik, fungsi psikologis, dan gejala terkait HIV.Kata kunci: Instrumen pengukuran, anak terinfeksi HIV, kualitas hidupAbstractChildren with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia are increasing due to the increase of woman with HIV. A special instrument for measuring quality of life (QoL) of children with HIV is needed to be developed as the great impact of the infection to children. This study was conducted by modifying the existing QoL instrument of children for Indonesian context. The study indicated that thereliability of the instrument is quite good both for children under 5 and 5 – 11 years old. Reliability values (Cronbach’s Alpha) for under 5, domains of physical function, social function, and HIV-related symptoms are 71, 72, and 88 respectively while for children 5 – 11 years old, domains of physical, psychological, social, and school functions, and HIV-related symptoms are 76, 89, 67, 67, and 88 respectively. The study showed, for Indonesian context, 15% of CD4 is indicated as the threshold to detect the difference of QoL forchildren with HIV. However, for under 5 years old, only questions of HIV-related symptoms domain which is sensitive to detect difference QoL, whereas for children of 5 – 11 years old, the questions concerning physical and psychological domains which are sensitive to detect difference QoL. The study indicated that the impact of HIV on children is mostly on physical andpsychological functions and HIV-related symptoms.Key words: Measurement instrument, children with HIV, quality of life

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEPATUHAN IBU HAMIL DALAM SKRENING HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
VISIA LUH GITA
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Millenium Development Goals ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dan Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan salah satu sorotan dalam pencapaian target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Ibu hamil dengan HIV akan berisiko menularkan kepada bayinya. Tes HIV merupakan gerbang pembuka status HIV yang sangat penting dilakukan pada ibu hamil. Ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kenapa ibu hamil banyak yang tidak melakukan test HIV/AIDS pada masa kehamilannya , ini tentunya merupakan tantangan terberat bagi pemerintah khususnya petugas kesehatan, untuk itu perlu adanya kerjasama yang baik anatara pemerintah, petugas kesehatan dan lintas sektor terkait dalam pencapaian target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs).

scholarly journals Hambatan Pencegahan Penularan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Oleh Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK) Di Lokalisasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahruddin Kurdi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK) merupakan kelompok yang sangat beresiko tertular dan menularkan HIV/AIDS. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengeksplorasi hambatan pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS oleh PSK di Lokalisasi Klubuk Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Pekerja Seks Komersial di Lokalisasi Klubuk Kabupaten Jombang pada tahun 2016, dengan kriteria telah bekerja sebagai Pekerja Seks Komersial selama minimal 1 (satu) tahun di Lokalisasi. Jumlah partisipan yang diambil adalah 5 (lima) PSK yang berumur 19-38 tahun pada saat pengambilan data dari 130 (seratus tiga puluh) orang Pekerja Seks di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pekerja Seks Komersial mengakui bahwa mereka paham bahwa pemakaian kondom dapat mencegah penularan, tetapi ketika beraktivitas seksual kondom tidak selalu mereka gunakan. Kekerasan fisik dan psikologis kadang mereka dapatkan. Bargaining power mereka masih lemah dalam negosiasi pemakaian kondom dengan pelanggannya. Dukungan dalam upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS mereka dapat dari kelompok sebaya dan petugas. Perlu kerjasama lintas sektoral dan dinas terkait untuk memberikan intervensi pada komunitas Pekerja Seks Komersial ini sehingga peningkatan kasus HIV/AIDS di Jombang dapat ditekan.

scholarly journals CCR5Δ32 POLYMORPHISM NOT DETECTED IN HIV PATIENTS IN VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING MOEWARDI GENERAL HOSPITAL SURAKARTA, INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Yulia Sari ◽  
Sri Haryati ◽  
Dhani Redhono ◽  
Afiono Agung Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Voluntary Counseling ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Hiv 1

<p>Background: The CCR5.32 polymorphism (a naturally occurring 32-bp deletion in CCR5) influences the ability of HIV-1 to infect the target cells. Homozygosity for CCR5.32 prevents infection of HIV-1 R5 strain, while the heterozygous is associated with lower plasma viral load and delayed progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, there is no report about the presentation of CCR5.32 polymorphisms in Indonesian HIV patients. The aim of this study is to detect CCR5.32 polymorphisms in Indonesian HIV patients, especially in Voluntary Counseling and Testing Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia. In an ongoing molecular epidemiology study of blood borne virus, 154 HIV patients in Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta were used for the study. The blood samples were collected during November – December 2011. The blood samples were aliquoted and fractionated. The DNA was extracted from all blood samples, and subjected for the PCR assay to detect the presentation of CCR5.32 polymorphisms. Internal amplification control was included in all assays. PCR products were analyzed in 3% agarose. The results showed that CCR5.32 polymorphism was not detected in all blood samples. So it can be concluded that all patients in this study had the CCR5 wild type.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: CCR5.32, HIV, Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rahmah Fitrianingsih ◽  
Yulia Irvani Dewi ◽  
Rismadefi Woferst
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sekumpulan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mudah menular dan mematikan juga merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh.Kelompok yang rentan adalah IRT. Hal ini disebabkan perilaku pencegahan yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 orang responden yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi menggunakan teknik cluster sampling.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitas. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk variabel faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat menunjukkan mayoritas IRT berada dalam rentang usia 26-35 tahun (37%), beragama Islam (94%), pekerjaan wiraswasta (46%), istri yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (88%), dan suami yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (95%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan (p value 0.023) dan pendidikan ( p value 0.004) terhadap perilaku pencegahan. Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah sikap (p value 0.199), ekonomi (p value 0.641) dan lama menikah (p value 0.275) terhadap perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan IRT lebih peduli terhadap kesehatannya dengan melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS.

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