scholarly journals Adhesion Improvement and Characterization of Magnetron Sputter Deposited Bilayer Molybdenum Thin Films for Rear Contact Application in CIGS Solar Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Li ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
Armin G. Aberle ◽  
Selvaraj Venkataraj
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as rear electrodes in copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells. The challenge in Mo deposition by magnetron sputtering lies in simultaneously achieving good adhesion to the substrates while retaining the electrical and optical properties. Bilayer Mo films, comprising five different thickness ratios of a high pressure (HP) deposited bottom layer and a low pressure (LP) deposited top layer, were deposited on 40 cm × 30 cm soda-lime glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. We focus on understanding the effects of the individual layer properties on the resulting bilayer Mo films, such as microstructure, surface morphology, and surface oxidation. We show that the thickness of the bottom HP Mo layer plays a major role in determining the micromechanical and physical properties of the bilayer Mo stack. Our studies reveal that a thicker HP Mo bottom layer not only improves the adhesion of the bilayer Mo, but also helps to improve the film crystallinity along the preferred [110] direction. However, the surface roughness and the porosity of the bilayer Mo films are found to increase with increasing bottom layer thickness, which leads to lower optical reflectance and a higher probability for oxidation at the Mo surface.

scholarly journals ZnO:Al Grown by Sputtering from Two Different Target Sources: A Comparison Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla A. Alnajjar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Ceramic Targets

Al-doped ZnO thin films were deposited from two different targets. Ceramic targets were used in RF magnetron sputtering, whereas pulsed magnetron sputtering was used to grow films from powder targets. ZnO:Al films with different thicknesses were sputtered directly on soda-lime glass substrates. The film thickness was in the 0.04–2.0 μm range. The microstructure, such as the grain size and the texture, of the two differently grown ZnO:Al transparent conductive oxide films of different thickness, was studied using X-ray diffractionθ/2θscans. The optical properties, such as the transmittance and reflectance, were measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer. Further, the sheet resistance, resistivity, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility of these ZnO:Al thin films were measured as a function of film thickness. These results obtained from the two different deposition techniques were compared and contrasted.

Investigation of sputtered Mo layers on soda-lime glass substrates for CIGS solar cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 115020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hua Huang ◽  
Hung-Lung Cheng ◽  
Wei-En Chang ◽  
Ming Yi Huang ◽  
Yi-Jiunn Chien
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells

Effects of Substrate Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films by DC Magnetron Sputtering from AZOY® Target

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Pin Chuan Yao ◽  
Shih Tse Hang ◽  
Menq Jiun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Rf Sputtering ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Sintered Ceramic ◽  
Substrate Heating ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Doped Zno

Transparent conducting Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering with a sintered ceramic target, AZOY® that contains a small amount of Y2O3 in addition to Al2O3 and ZnO. The effect of substrate temperatures (Ts) on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the prepared AZO films was evaluated extensively. By elevating Ts, the electrical conductivity of the films could be effectively improved from 1.68 ×10-3 cm (no substrates heating) to a minimum resistivity of 4.6210-4 cm at Ts = 400oC with an average visible transmittance (400~800nm) of ~80%. It revealed that substrate heating is closely related to the crystallinity and the surface roughness of the deposited films. It is noteworthy that the transmittance in the NIR region was also improved considerably as compared to those using alloy targets by reactive magnetron sputtering and even slightly higher than those using Al-doped ZnO (1 wt.%) ceramic targets by RF sputtering.

scholarly journals Improving Performance of CIGS Solar Cells by Annealing ITO Thin Films Electrodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Lung Chuang ◽  
Ming Wei Chang ◽  
Nien Po Chen ◽  
Chung Chiang Pan ◽  
Chung Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Ito Film ◽  
Ito Thin Films ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells ◽  
Ito Films

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown on glass substrates by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Annealing at the optimal temperature can considerably improve the composition, structure, optical properties, and electrical properties of the ITO film. An ITO sample with a favorable crystalline structure was obtained by annealing in fixed oxygen/argon ratio of 0.03 at 400°C for 30 min. The carrier concentration, mobility, resistivity, band gap, transmission in the visible-light region, and transmission in the near-IR regions of the ITO sample were-1.6E+20 cm−3,2.7E+01 cm2/Vs,1.4E-03 Ohm-cm, 3.2 eV, 89.1%, and 94.7%, respectively. Thus, annealing improved the average transmissions (400–1200 nm) of the ITO film by 16.36%. Moreover, annealing a copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) solar cell at 400°C for 30 min in air improved its efficiency by 18.75%. The characteristics of annealing ITO films importantly affect the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of ITO films that are used in solar cells.

Optical and Electrical Analyses of Thallium Sulphide Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
Thallium Chloride ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Silicon And Germanium

Abstract: In this paper, suitability of thallium sulphide films were investigated as an alternative to conventional silicon and germanium that were used as window layers in solar cells. Thin films were deposited on soda lime glass (SLG) substrates in a chemical bath containing Thallium Chloride (TlCl2) and Thiourea (NH2)2CS which was conditioned at 80 ºC for about 5 hours to deposit the films. Effects of annealing on the film samples at 300 ºC and 350 ºC were studied respectively by use of UV-VIS Avantes electrophotometer and Four-Point-Probe (FPP) machine in the light region with wavelength range from 200 nm to 1000 nm. The results obtained suggest that the thin films obtained are good materials for optoelectronics. The absorption spectra exhibited a relatively high energy band-gap. Materials of this nature are good for window layers which serve as passage to the absorber layer where needed charge carriers are produced. Keywords: Thin film, Thallium Sulphide, Window layer, Optoelectronics, Solar cells.

Influence of Deposition Time and Source-Substrate Distance on Properties of CdTe Thin Films Using Close-Spaced Sublimation at Higher Source Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Dai ◽  
Cheng Wu Shi ◽  
Yan Ru Zhang ◽  
Min Yao
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Source Temperature ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Substrate Distance ◽  
Cdte Thin Films

In this paper, CdTe thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using CdTe powder as a source by close-spaced sublimation at higher source temperature of 700°C. The influence of the deposition time and the source-substrate distance on the chemical composition, crystal phase, surface morphology and optical band gap of CdTe thin films was systemically investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption spectra, respectively. At the deposition time of 60 min and the source-substrate distance of 5 mm, the CdTe thin films had pyramid appearance with the grain size of 15 μm.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sputtering Parameters on the Film Properties of Molybdenum Back Contact for CIGS Solar Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-cheng Huang ◽  
Chia-ho Huang ◽  
Mao-yong Lin ◽  
Chia-ying Chou ◽  
Chun-yao Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Back Contact ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Glass Substrates

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as a back contact for CIGS-based solar cells. This paper determines the optimal settings for the sputtering parameters for an Mo thin film prepared on soda lime glass substrates, using direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering, with a metal Mo target, in an argon gas environment. A Taguchi method with an L9orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and an analysis of variances is used to determine the performance characteristics of the coating operation. The main sputtering parameters, such as working pressure (mTorr), dc power (W), and substrate temperature (°C), are optimized with respect to the structural features, surface morphology, and electrical properties of the Mo films. An adhesive tape test is performed on each film to determine the adhesion strength of the films. The experimental results show that the working pressure has the dominant effect on electrical resistivity and reflectance. The intensity of the main peak (110) for the Mo film increases and the full width at half maximum decreases gradually as the sputtering power is increased. Additionally, the application of an Mo bilayer demonstrates good adherence and low resistivity.

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and mini-modules fabricated on thin soda-lime glass substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Furue ◽  
Shogo Ishizuka ◽  
Akimasa Yamada ◽  
Masayuki Iioka ◽  
Hirofumi Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Glass Substrates
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