scholarly journals APOA-5 Genetic Variant rs662799: Role in Lipid Changes and Insulin Resistance after a Mediterranean Diet in Caucasian Obese Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel de Luis ◽  
Olatz Izaola ◽  
David Primo
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Apoa5 Gene ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background and Aims. This APOA5-1131C allele is related with a higher serum triglyceride levels and perhaps a different metabolic response to a dietary intervention. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate SNP rs662799 in the APOA5 gene and its associations with metabolic effects after a hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern. Methods. A population of 363 Caucasian obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric parameters and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured, at basal time and after 3 months. All patients were genotyped in the rs662799 polymorphism. Results. The APOA5 variant distribution was as follows: 89.3% ( n = 324 ) (TT) were homozygous for the T allele, 10.5% ( n = 38 ) (TC) were heterozygous, and 0.2% ( n = 1 ) (CC) were homozygous for the C allele. Triglyceride levels were higher in patients with the C allele. After dietary intervention, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, adiponectin, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio improved significantly in both genotype groups TT and TC+CC. After dietary intervention, insulin levels (delta: − 3.6 ± 0.8   UI / L vs. − 1.5 ± 0.6   UI / L ; P = 0.03 ), HOMA-IR (delta: − 1.5 ± 0.4   units vs. − 0.3 ± 0.2   units ; P = 0.02 ), and triglyceride levels (delta: − 19.3 ± 4.2   mg / dL vs. − 3.2 ± 3.1   mg / dL ; P = 0.02 ) decreased in non-C allele carriers. Conclusions. C allele carriers of rs662799 of the APOA5 gene did not show an improvement in triglyceride, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels after a significant weight loss due to a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern.

scholarly journals Serum Lipid and Adiponectin Improvements after a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Non-G-Allele Carriers of the Variant rs3774261

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Daniel A. de Luis ◽  
David Primo ◽  
Olatz Izaola ◽  
Emilia Gómez ◽  
Rosario Bachiller
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The role of adiponectin (<i>ADIPOQ</i>) polymorphisms in weight loss and serum lipid changes following different dietary interventions remain unclear. The Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors in different studies. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Our aim was to analyze the effects of a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern on the metabolic response and adiposity parameters, taking into account the 712 G/A rs3774261 polymorphisms in <i>ADIPOQ</i>. <b><i>Design:</i></b> A population of 135 obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], glucose, C-reactive protein [CRP], adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured before and after the dietary intervention (12 weeks). All of the patients were genotyped for the rs3774261 polymorphism. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The genotype distribution of this population was 36 patients with AA (26.7%), 68 patients with AG (50.4%), and 31 patients with GG (22.9%). After the dietary intervention and in both genotypes, BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels all decreased. After the dietary intervention with secondary weight loss and in non-G-allele carriers (AA vs. AG+GG), total cholesterol (Δ = –15.7 ± 3.9 vs. –4.9 ± 2.9 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (Δ = –15.3 ± 3.8 vs. –1.7 ± 1.9 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.01), triglyceride levels (Δ = –23.4 ± 5.6 vs. 2.3 ± 2.3 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.01), and CRP (Δ = –1.1 ± 0.1 vs. –0.4 ± 0.2 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.01) decreased. Adiponectin levels (Δ = 7.2 ± 2.1 vs. –0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.02) increased. Notably, G-allele carriers did not show this improvement. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Non-G-allele carriers of the <i>ADIPOQ</i> variant (rs3774261) showed significant improvement in serum levels of adiponectin, lipid profiles, and CRP in response to a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diet and Fibre Fractions on Plasma Adipocytokine Levels in Prediabetic Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Margarita S. Dodevska ◽  
Sladjana S. Sobajic ◽  
Vesna D. Dragicevic ◽  
Ivan Stankovic ◽  
Nevena Dj. Ivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Resistin Level ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Recommended Level

The impact of diet and fibre fractions on adipocytokines in obese subjects with a risk of diabetes has not been investigated in detail yet. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of a 12-month lifestyle intervention with different fibre profiles (resistant starch (RS)—rich fibre, or ordinary food fibre profiles) on adipocytokine levels. Fifty participants are divided into two groups (RS group and Fibre group). The groups differ only in the percentage of the recommended level of the RS consumed as a fraction of the same total fibre amount. The applied dietary intervention includes intake of 7531 KJ/daywith a total fibre portion of 25–35 g/dayfor both groups that includes 15 g/day of RS for the RS group only. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, apelin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) are measured, and their relationship to anthropometric and biochemical parameters is estimated. Along with significant body weight loss, only leptin is significantly reduced by 13% in the RS group while in the Fibre group, apelin levels are significant (−21%). Polynomial regression shows a negative correlation between RS intake and adiponectin (R2 = 0.145) and resistin level (R2 = 0.461) in the RS group. This study indicates the possibility that fibre fractions differently influence the outcome of lifestyle interventions, as well as their adipocytokine levels, in obese prediabetic adults.

scholarly journals Variability in HOMA-IR, Lipoprotein Profile and Selected Hormones in Young Active Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Keska ◽  
Grazyna Lutoslawska ◽  
Anna Czajkowska ◽  
Joanna Tkaczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Resistance To Insulin ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Resistance to insulin actions is contributing to many metabolic disturbances. Such factors as age, sex, nutrition, body fat, and physical activity determine body insulin resistance. Present study attempted to asses insulin resistance and its metabolic effects with respect to energy intake in young, lean, and active men. A total of 87 men aged 18–23 participated in the study. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipoproteins, cortisol, and TSH were determined. Insulin resistance was expressed as Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and calculated using homeostatic model. The median value of HOMA-IR (1.344) was used to divide subjects into two groups. Men did not differ in anthropometric parameters, daily physical activity, and plasma TSH and cortisol levels. However, in men with higher HOMA-IR significantly lower daily energy intake was observed concomitantly with higher TG, TC, and HDL-C concentrations in plasma versus their counterparts with lower HOMA-IR. Exclusively in subjects with higher HOMA-IR significant and positive correlation was noted between HOMA-IR and TC and LDL-C. We concluded that despite a normal body weight and physical activity, a subset of young men displayed unfavorable changes in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, probably due to insufficient energy intake.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin in relation to body weight, lipid parameters insulin sensitivity, adipocytokines, and C-reactive protein in obese and non-obese young individuals: results from both cross-sectional and interventional study

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Gannagé-Yared ◽  
Cesar Yaghi ◽  
Bassem Habre ◽  
Simon Khalife ◽  
Roger Noun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Obese Subjects

ObjectiveWe analyzed the relation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) with insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), adipocytokines, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese and non-obese subjects.MethodsIn the study, 170 subjects (106 obese and 64 non-obese, sex ratio female/male=2.03) were included. Thirty-two obese subjects were reevaluated 6 months after the weight loss induced by bariatric surgery.ResultsOPG did not differ between obese and non-obese subjects (respective mean values 5.17 and 4.96 pmol/l) or according to gender, but was positively correlated with age (P<0.0001 for both groups). OPG was statistically higher in 18 obese diabetic subjects compared with non-diabetics (P=0.03). After adjustment for age, no significant correlation was found between OPG and body mass index (BMI), waist, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin in both the obese and non-obese subjects. However, OPG was positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and SGPT levels in obese subjects at baseline (r=0.295, r=0.20, P<0.05) and after adjustment for age (r=0.28, r=0.20, P<0.05). OPG was also significantly correlated with CRP; this correlation persisted after adjustment for age in obese subjects (r=0.30, P<0.01). In a multivariate analysis in the obese group, HOMA index and CRP were independent predictors of OPG while SGPT was not. Six months post-surgery, OPG did not change, despite a significant reduction in glucose, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, and leptin values (P=0.02, P=0.006, P=0.007, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 respectively) and a significant increase in adiponectin and HDL values (P<0.001 for both variables).ConclusionOur results show that in obese subjects, OPG is not related to BMI. However, we describe new relationships between OPG and both HOMA index and CRP.

scholarly journals Possible association of ghrelin/obestatin balance with cardiometabolic risk in obese subjects with Helicobacter pylori

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Azza Saad Ibrahim ◽  
Mona Mohamed Eldeeb ◽  
Ola Ahmed Salama ◽  
Mona Mohamed Rashad ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
H Pylori

AbstractObjectives. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric infection associated with extragastric conditions. The association between H. pylori infection and obesity is unclear. H. pylori may affect gut hormones involved in food intake and energy expenditure. The aim of this study is to evaluate ghrelin/obestatin balance and leptin in obese subjects with H. pylori infection.Methods. Sixty healthy volunteers were divided into: obese and non-obese groups. Each group was divided into H. Pylori positive or H. pylori negative. Anthropometric parameters, H. pylori status, serum glucose, insulin level, and lipid profile were estimated with calculation of Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum levels of ghrelin, obestatin, and leptin were evaluated.Results. Significant increase was found in serum glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR ratio in obese subjects with positive H. pylori as compared to other groups. H. pylori positive obese subjects showed significantly increased ghrelin, ghrelin/obestatin balance, and leptin with a significant decrease in obestatin as compared to negative subjects. Ghrelin/obestatin ratio positively correlated with weight, body mass index, waist, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density cholesterol and also with H. pylori antigen in the same group.Conclusions. It can be concluded that ghrelin, obestatin, and leptin are affected by presence of H. pylori seropositivity in obese subjects. The higher ghrelin levels and ghrelin/obestatin ratio with lowered obestatin could be considered as a gastro-protective effect against inflammation induced by H. pylori.

scholarly journals The Speed of Ingestion of a Sugary Beverage Has an Effect on the Acute Metabolic Response to Fructose

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kanbay ◽  
Begum Guler ◽  
Lale A. Ertuglu ◽  
Tuncay Dagel ◽  
Baris Afsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Background: The consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: We hypothesized that the metabolic effects of fructose in sugary beverages might be modulated by the speed of ingestion in addition to the overall amount. Design: Thirty healthy subjects free of any disease and medication were recruited into two groups. After overnight fasting, subjects in group 1 drank 500 mL of apple juice over an hour by drinking 125 mL every 15 min, while subjects in group 2 drank 500 mL of apple juice over 5 min. Blood samples were collected at time zero and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after ingestion to be analyzed for serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) score, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate, uric acid, and phosphate levels. Results: Serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, BUN, and lactate levels increased following apple juice ingestion. The increases were greater in the fast-drinking group, which were more significant after 15 min and 30 min compared to baseline. The changes in uric acid were not statistically different between the groups. Phosphate levels significantly increased only in the fast-drinking group. Conclusion: Fast ingestion of 100% apple juice causes a significantly greater metabolic response, which may be associated with negative long-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that the rate of ingestion must be considered when evaluating the metabolic impacts of sweetened beverage consumption.

scholarly journals Prader-Willi Syndrome Is Associated with Activation of the Innate Immune System Independently of Central Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 3392-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Viardot ◽  
Lisa Sze ◽  
Louise Purtell ◽  
Amanda Sainsbury ◽  
Georgina Loughnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have a reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular disease. Increased systemic low-grade inflammation is postulated as a contributor, despite reported lower visceral fat mass and increased insulin sensitivity. Objectives: Our aim was to compare inflammatory markers and arterial stiffness in PWS and adiposity-matched obese control subjects. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study comparing 12 PWS subjects, 12 obese subjects matched for percentage body fat and central abdominal fat mass, and 10 healthy normal-weight subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition, flow cytometry to quantify activation markers on immune cells, and ELISA for measurement of C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and IL-6. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment and arterial stiffness by applanation tonometry. Results: PWS and obese subjects had similarly increased homeostasis model assessment and arterial stiffness. Nevertheless, PWS subjects showed significantly higher IL-6 (4.9 ± 1.0 vs. 2.5 ± 0.4 pg/ml; P = 0.02) and nonsignificantly higher C-reactive protein (10.5 ± 3.2 vs. 4.0 ± 1.0 ng/ml; P = 0.08). Neutrophil activation markers CD66b and CD11b were higher in PWS compared to obese subjects (P &lt; 0.01), reflecting an activated innate immune system. These markers were positively related to central adiposity in lean and obese subjects (r = 0.49; P &lt; 0.05), but not in PWS subjects. Conclusions: PWS subjects compared to adiposity-matched obese subjects demonstrate similar insulin resistance but increased low-grade inflammation. The dissociation of inflammation and central adiposity suggests that activation of innate immunity may be either a specific genetic feature of PWS or linked to the commonly associated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and might offer a treatment target to reduce cardiovascular disease.

Short Dietary Intervention with Olive Oil Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Lean But Not Overweight/Obese Subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Monfort-Pires ◽  
Muuez U-Din ◽  
Guilherme A. Nogueira ◽  
Juliana de Almeida-Faria ◽  
Davi Sidarta-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Judit Companys ◽  
Maria José Gosalbes ◽  
Laura Pla-Pagà ◽  
Lorena Calderón-Pérez ◽  
Elisabet Llauradó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Obese Subjects

We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

Role of urinary NGAL and KIM-1 as biomarkers of early kidney injury in obese prepubertal children

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nella Polidori ◽  
Cosimo Giannini ◽  
Roberta Salvatore ◽  
Piernicola Pelliccia ◽  
Adriana Parisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Urinary Ngal ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Kidney Length ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractObjectivesChildhood obesity is an important cause of end-stage renal disease. To date, available markers do not characterize kidney changes, especially in the early stages. kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are already detected before the onset of proteinuria or alterations of glomerular filtration rate and thus might represent biomarkers that directly reflect kidney injury.MethodsWe characterize kidney injury in a group of 40 obese-prepubertal children compared to 29-healthy age- and gender matched-peers. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were determined. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of insulin, glucose, lipid profile, transaminases, cystatin C and creatinine. Urine samples were collected to assess urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and urinary isoprostanes. Kidney length was measured with ultrasound evaluation. Differences between the two groups were evaluated by Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore relationship between variables.ResultsTriglycerides, alanine transaminase (ALT), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio and cystatin C values were significantly higher in obese children than normal weight peers. Creatinine values were normal and similar between the two groups, while isoprostanes were higher in obese. Obese children had larger kidney sizes, indicating organ hypertrophy. NGAL and KIM-1 were increased in obese children compared to controls. A significant association between NGAL and KIM-1 with adiposity indices, insulin status and markers of oxidative stress postulated a possible effect of obesity in inducing kidney abnormalities. KIM-1 and NGAL are directly related respectively to cystatin C and isoprostanes, supporting the ability of these biomarkers in reflecting early kidney damages in obese subjects.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that obese subjects exhibit a certain degree of renal damage before kidney function loss.

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