Abnormal Liver Tests during Hospitalization Predict Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study from South America

Background. The role of liver function tests (LFT) as prognostic factors in patients admitted with COVID-19 has not been fully investigated, particularly outside resource-rich countries. We aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of abnormal LFT on admission and during hospitalization of patients with COVID-19. Methods. We performed a retrospective study that included 298 adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19, between 05/2020 and 02/2021, in 6 hospitals from 5 countries in South America. We analyzed demographic and comorbid variables and laboratory tests on admission and during hospitalization. LFT over twice the upper limit of normal (ALEx2) were also evaluated in relation to a variety of factors on admission and during hospitalization. De novo-ALEx2 was defined as the presence of ALEx2 at one week of hospitalization in patients without ALEx2 on admission. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or death. Multivariable analysis was used to evaluate the association between ALEx2 on admission and during hospitalization and mortality. Results. Of the total of 298 patients, 60% were male, with a mean age of 60 years, and 74% of patients had at least one comorbidity. Of those, 137 (46%) patients were transferred to the intensive care unit and 66 (22.1%) patients died during hospitalization. ALEx2 on admission was present in 87 (29.2%) patients and was found to be independently associated with 1-week mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 3.55; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.05–12.05). Moreover, 84 (39.8%) out of 211 patients without ALEx2 at admission developed de novo-ALEx2, which was independently associated with mortality during second week of hospitalization (OR = 6.09; 95%CI 1.28–29) and overall mortality (OR = 2.93, 95%CI 1.05–8.19). Conclusions. A moderate elevation of LFT during admission was associated with a poor short-term prognosis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. In addition, moderate elevation of LFT at one week of hospitalization was an independent risk factor for overall mortality in these patients.

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A Novel Role of IGF1 in Apo2L/TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis of Ewing Tumor Cells

Sarcoma ◽

10.1155/2012/782970 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frans van Valen ◽

Henning Harrer ◽

Marc Hotfilder ◽

Uta Dirksen ◽

Thomas Pap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Ceramide Synthase ◽

Short Term ◽

Igf1 Receptor ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Survival Effect

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) reputedly opposes chemotoxicity in Ewing sarcoma family of tumor (ESFT) cells. However, the effect of IGF1 on apoptosis induced by apoptosis ligand 2 (Apo2L)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) remains to be established. We find that opposite to the partial survival effect of short-term IGF1 treatment, long-term IGF1 treatment amplified Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Apo2L/TRAIL-sensitive but not resistant ESFT cell lines. Remarkably, the specific IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) antibodyα-IR3 was functionally equivalent to IGF1. Short-term IGF1 incubation of cells stimulated survival kinase AKT and increased X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein which was associated with Apo2L/TRAIL resistance. In contrast, long-term IGF1 incubation resulted in repression of XIAP protein through ceramide (Cer) formation derived from de novo synthesis which was associated with Apo2L/TRAIL sensitization. Addition of ceramide synthase (CerS) inhibitor fumonisin B1 during long-term IGF1 treatment reduced XIAP repression and Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Noteworthy, the resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents was maintained in cells following chronic IGF1 treatment. Overall, the results suggest that chronic IGF1 treatment renders ESFT cells susceptible to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis and may have important implications for the biology as well as the clinical management of refractory ESFT.

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Role of affect in short-term memory for paired associates.

Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0026465 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 78 (3, Pt.1) ◽

pp. 494-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Calvin F. Nodine ◽

James H. Korn

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Paired Associates

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Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

Therapieforum Transplant ◽

10.1055/a-0711-9047 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 4-10

Keyword(s):

Lower Incidence ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Mtor Inhibitor ◽

De Novo ◽

Expert Panel ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Cmv Infection ◽

Expert Meeting ◽

Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

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The capacity of short term memory from an evolutionary perspective

10.31234/osf.io/zdsya ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Majid Manoochehri

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Span ◽

Critical Role ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cognitive System ◽

Evolutionary Approach ◽

Evolutionary Perspective ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory

Memory span in humans has been intensely studied for more than a century. In spite of the critical role of memory span in our cognitive system, which intensifies the importance of fundamental determinants of its evolution, few studies have investigated it by taking an evolutionary approach. Overall, we know hardly anything about the evolution of memory components. In the present study, I briefly review the experimental studies of memory span in humans and non-human animals and shortly discuss some of the relevant evolutionary hypotheses.

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Impact of FII’s and FDI’s on Indian Stock Market

Adhyayan A Journal of Management Sciences ◽

10.21567/adhyayan.v1i1.10220 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Shukla

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Financial Markets ◽

Global Economy ◽

Short Term ◽

Earnings Growth ◽

The Past ◽

Bull Market ◽

Indian Stock Market

FIIs are companies registered outside India. In the past four years there has been more than $41 trillion worth of FII funds invested in India. This has been one of the major reasons on the bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with the BSE Sensex rising 221% in absolute terms in this span. The present downfall of the market too is influenced as these FIIs are taking out some of their invested money. Though there is a lot of value in this market and fundamentally there is a lot of upside in it. For long-term value investors, there’s little because for worry but short term traders are adversely getting affected by the role of FIIs are playing at the present. Investors should not panic and should remain invested in sectors where underlying earnings growth has little to do with financial markets or global economy.

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Introduction: Kinship Bereavement in Later Life

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/bd9q-rqyb-1x18-9evp ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brian De Vries

Keyword(s):

Adult Child ◽

Later Life ◽

Short Term ◽

Traumatic Grief ◽

Death Of A Parent ◽

De Vries ◽

Longitudinal Effects ◽

Analysis Of Variation

This article introduces a volume devoted to the examination of later-life bereavement: an analysis of variation in cause, course, and consequence. Six articles address and represent this variation and comprise this volume: 1) Prigerson et al. present case histories of the traumatic grief of spouses; 2) Hays et al. highlight the bereavement experiences of siblings in contrast to those spouses and friends; 3) Moss et al. address the role of gender in middle-aged children's responses to parent death; 4) Bower focuses on the language adopted by these adult children in accepting the death of a parent; 5) de Vries et al. explore the long-term, longitudinal effects on the psychological and somatic functioning of parents following the death of an adult child; and 6) Fry presents the short-term and longitudinal reactions of grandparents to the death of a grandchild. A concluding article is offered by de Vries stressing both the unique and common features of these varied bereavement experiences touching on some of the empirical issues and suggesting potential implications and applications.

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Role of Nitric Oxide in Short-term and Prolonged Effects of Angiotensin II on Renal Hemodynamics

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/01.hyp.27.5.1173 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 1173-1179 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Xiaolin Deng ◽

William J. Welch ◽

Christopher S. Wilcox

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Renal Hemodynamics ◽

Short Term

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Generating Prosperity for Working Families in Affluent Countries

10.1093/oso/9780198807056.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Real Income ◽

Living Standards ◽

Financial Strain ◽

Inclusive Growth ◽

Working Families ◽

The Rich ◽

Rich Countries ◽

Analysis Of Performance

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to ensure that ordinary working families see their living standards and the prospects for their children improve rather than stagnate over time. It presents the findings from a comprehensive analysis of performance over recent decades across the rich countries of the OECD, in terms of real income growth around and below the middle. It relates this performance to overall economic growth, exploring why these often diverge substantially, and to the different models of capitalism or economic growth embedded in different countries. In-depth comparative and UK-focused analyses also focus on wages and the labour market and on the role of redistribution. Going beyond income, other indicators and aspects of living standards are also incorporated including non-monetary indicators of deprivation and financial strain, wealth and its distribution, and intergenerational mobility. By looking across this broad canvas, the book teases out how ordinary households have fared in recent decades in these critically important respects, and how that should inform the quest for inclusive growth and prosperity.

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Literalism and Moral Status

10.1093/oso/9780198809524.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Carrie Figdor

Keyword(s):

Moral Status ◽

Moral Standing ◽

Short Term ◽

Long Run ◽

Moral Boundaries ◽

Psychological Capacities

Chapter 9 presents the idea that Literalism undermines current social and moral boundaries for moral status. Possession of psychological capacities, moral standing, and respectful treatment are a standard package deal. So either many more beings enjoy moral status than we now think, or the relative superiority of human moral status over other beings is diminished. It introduces the role of psychological ascriptions in drawing social and moral boundaries by examining dehumanization and anthropomorphism. It argues that in the short term Literalism does not motivate us to do more than make minor adjustments to current moral boundaries. We can distinguish the kinds of psychological capacities that matter for moral status from the kinds that best divide nature at its joints. In the long run, however, Literalism prompts us to reconsider the anthropocentric standards that govern current moral boundaries.

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