scholarly journals An Overview of the Main Trends in the Creation of Biodegradable Polymer Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Irina N. Vikhareva ◽  
Evgeniya A. Buylova ◽  
Gulnara U. Yarmuhametova ◽  
Guliya K. Aminova ◽  
Aliya K. Mazitova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Degradation Time

Plastic is one of the most demanded materials on the planet, and the increasing consumption of which contributes to the accumulation of significant amounts of waste based on it. For this reason, a new approach to the development of these materials has been formed: the production of polymers with constant operational characteristics during the period of consumption and capable of then being destroyed under the influence of environmental factors and being involved in the metabolic processes of natural biosystems. The paper outlines the prerequisites for the development of the field of creating biodegradable composite materials, as well as the main technical solutions for obtaining such polymeric materials. The main current solutions for reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The most promising ways of further development of the field of bioplastics production are described. Common types of polymers based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, and modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are considered.

scholarly journals Biodegradable polymer materials and modifying additives: state of the art. Part I

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
I.N. Vikhareva ◽  
I.I. Zaripov ◽  
D.F. Kinzyabulatova ◽  
N.S. Minigazimov ◽  
G.K. Aminova
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
Further Development

One of the most demanded materials on the planet is plastic, the excellent performance of which contributes to the accumulation of a significant amount of waste on its basis. In this regard, a new approach to the development of these materials has been formed in scientific circles: the production of polymer composites with constant performance characteristics for a certain period and then capable of destruction under the influence of environmental factors. Analysis of the current state of the industry of polymeric materials shows that the most urgent is the use of such classical polymers as polyolefins and polyvinyl chloride. First of all, the optimal solution to this problem due to the lack of a suitable replacement for traditional polymers is the development of composites based on them with the use of biodegradable additives. In this case, a set of problems associated with waste disposal is solved: the decomposition period of the recycled waste is significantly reduced, the territories required for plastic waste are reduced. The paper outlines the preconditions for the emergence and further development of the field of biodegradable polymers. The main quantitative characteristics of the production capacities of manufactured bioplastics by types, regions and industries of application are given. Modern methods of reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The main global and domestic manufacturers of biodegradable polymers and their products are listed, as well as a list of the main manufacturers of biodegradable additives for polymeric materials. Modern types of bioplastics based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, as well as modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are listed. The main methods for determining the biodegradability of existing bioplastics are described

scholarly journals Effective chemical methods of fire control: new threats and new solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-448
Author(s):  
S. D. Varfoloveev ◽  
S. M. Lomakin ◽  
P. A. Sakharov ◽  
A. V. Khvatov
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

This paper discusses the prospective flame retardant systems for polymeric materials, while considering the environmental issues they create. Polymer nanocomposites with carbon nano-additives and layered silicates are presented as a new type of flame retardant system which exhibits a synergistic effect flame retardancy for traditional polymer thermoplasts. Particular attention is paid to the novel intumescent flame retardants based on the oxidized renewable raw materials, which can be successfully used in the manufacture of multi-purpose timber construction and polymer materials.

scholarly journals Transition to biodegradable composites as a method for solving environmental problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Sabirova ◽  
Ruslan Safin ◽  
Shamil Mukhametzyanov ◽  
Nour Galyavetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

In environmental matters, one of the most pressing problems is the efficient disposal of polymeric materials that have a negative impact on the ecology of soils and oceans. A necessary condition for the sustainable development of industrial production and processing of polymer products is the transition to polymer materials based on renewable plant raw materials, in particular polylactides, polyhydroalkanates, etc. However, the technology for the production of these types of polymers is seriously inferior to synthetic polymers in the field of energy engineering. In this regard, research in the field of creating composite materials by introducing wood filler is currently particularly relevant. This research covers the results of stress-strain behavior of wood filled polylactic wood powder composite materials thermally modified by high temperatures ranged from 200 to 240 °С. Wood impact strength dependence is defined and static bending and composite density dependence on wood filler quantity and the temperature of its thermal modification is also established. It was specified that with the increasing of filler densification and its thermal treatment, the wood impact strength and composite density is decreasing, while with the reduced content of binding, the thermal modification of 200 °С has a positive impact on bending elastic coefficient. The conducted research allows identifying rational areas of use of composite materials as an effective factor in managing natural resources.

scholarly journals The impact of mining on the environment in Poland – myths and reality

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELŻBIETA PIETRZYK-SOKULSKA ◽  
RYSZARD UBERMAN ◽  
JOANNA KULCZYCKA
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exploration Exploitation ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Mining is always connected with interference in the environment, especially with the landscape, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The increasing requirements of environmental standards in Europe influence actions taken by the mining industry, which leads to minimization of impact during exploration, exploitation, processing and use of raw materials and waste. Moreover, mining companies often compensate the environment transformations via the processes of reclamation and adequately chosen directions of further adaptation. New post-mining areas are characterized, in many cases, by higher values than before the commencement of mining works. The problem is still the depletion of non-renewable raw materials. This can be minimized by rational resource management and also by the effective use, recovery, recycling and substituting of minerals. These actions will have an impact not only on the extension of the operation of existing plants, but will also diminish the areas needed for extraction of new deposits. In the paper, the transformations taking place in the mining industry in Poland, as well as myths and threats connected with its further development were pointed out. The actions by this industrial branch which lead to minimization of the pressure on the environment and the applied reclamation were also shown.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF PROPERTIES, STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR FILLING-RETANNING OF LEATHER

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
OLGA ANDREYEVA ◽  
NATALIIA PERVAIA ◽  
INNA LOSHKAREVA ◽  
NATALIA CHUMAKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Melamine Formaldehyde ◽  
Sulfur Silicon ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper presents the results of research of two new industrial polymer materials in the form of the Syntan RS3L product and the Syntan F187 product. It has been experimentally established that these materials differ in appearance, structure, and physicochemical properties. So, the first product is a solution of polyacrylates and is well compatible with water, while the second product is a synthetic composition of melamine-formaldehyde resins and inorganic compounds based on aluminium, iron, potassium, sulfur, silicon in the form of a powder, which is partially soluble in water. Using the method of infrared spectroscopy, the features of the structure of polymeric materials are determined – the presence of various groups and bonds, which indicates the polyfunctional nature of both reagents. It was found that after treatment of a chrome tanned collagen preparation with Syntan LF187, the optical density in the IR spectrum of collagen changes to the greatest extent at a frequency of 876-873 cm-1, which corresponds to stretching vibrations of O-O groups of peroxides in the protein structure. When exposed to the Syntan RS3 product, significant changes are observed in the frequency range 1240-1235 cm-1, which corresponds to the stretching and deformation vibrations of the nitrogen-containing Amide II groups, amines and OH groups of alcohols. When studying the technological capabilities of polymeric materials as reagents for filling and retanning chrome tanned leather for shoe uppers from cattle raw materials, it was found that, according to the organoleptic assessment and the indicator of the generalized objective function, the best were leather samples processed with 2.0 % of the Syntan RS3 product. The results obtained can be explained by the peculiarities of the distribution and interaction of materials in the structure of the dermis, the essence of which is the formation of strong and at the same time flexible bonds, which has a positive effect on the formation of the structure and quality indicators of leather. To confirm the obtained data, it is planned to conduct semi-production tests. It is expected that the quality of the finished product will improve, and the existing vegetable and synthetic tanning agents will be replaced with a modern, more efficient and environmentally friendly polymer material.

scholarly journals METHODS OF PREVENTING BIOFILMS FORMATION ON THE SURFACES OF POLYMER MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Lyusova ◽  
А. А. Ilyin ◽  
L. S. Shibryaeva
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibacterial Surfaces ◽  
Further Development

One of the harmful factors of the interaction of microorganisms with the technosphere is the formation of biofilms on the surface of various products. Steady colonies of bacteria ensure a stable contamination of the handling medium of the product, and their release is a cause of biodestructive processes in materials. In many cases, single or even regular antimicrobial treatment does not lead to complete suppression of colony formation. Therefore, today the most demanded methods of preventing biofilms formation involve the creation of materials that are resistant to colonization by bacteria. Since bacteria cells directly interact with the surface of the material, it is the surface that should have antibacterial properties. In the review, various methods of preventing the formation of biofilms by the example of polymeric materials are considered. The main attention is paid to the methods of creating antibacterial surfaces, which in various ways prevent the formation of biofilms. In accordance with the world practice, all antibacterial surfaces are divided into four types: releasing, contact-active, repelling and self-polishing. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of antibacterial surfaces, their existing limitations in use and prospects for further development are noted. Information on the compatibility of individual types of surfaces is also noted in the literature.

Investigation to Obtain Polyols from Residual Frying Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Ferraro ◽  
Felipe Bastos de Souza Alvarenga ◽  
Maria Virginia Gelfuso ◽  
Daniel Thomazini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
New Research ◽  
Hydroxylation Index

. Polymeric materials based on petroleum have generated a major problem for the environment because they are produced by non-renewable sources. Many studies are being conducted to propose alternatives to obtain polymers from renewable raw materials sources. The disadvantage of this alternative is the use of food sources for polymer production but this is avoided when using the residual frying oil. Aiming to obtain polymer-based urethanes, pretreated residual frying oil samples were submitted to various conditions of hydroxylation and analyzed by FT-IR, where it was possible to observe the presence of-OH groups. To optimize the process of hydroxylation a new research was conducted to determine the concentrations of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide that can generate polyols with high levels of hydroxylation index, suitable for the formation of urethanes.

scholarly journals Polymeric compounds materials with polyethylene ( LDPE) and fibers Maclura tinctoria tree ( Moraceae )

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
S. Nikolaeva ◽  
J.J Saavedra-Arias ◽  
G. Sáenz-Arce ◽  
R. Salas ◽  
J. Vega Baudrit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Compounds

Costa Rica has extensive areas of tropical forests that, managed with care and knowledge, can provide renewable raw materials and conserve biodiversity. Here we characterize the branches, leaves and bark of the “Mora Tree”, Maclura tinctoria. We manufactured composite polymeric materials and applied infrared spectrometry, liquid chromatography, optical microscopy, and the analysis of thermal and mechanical properties. We found polyphenols in all parts of the tree. The natural substrate increases crystallization temperature and reduces the crystallinity of low density polyethylene (LDPE). The elasticity modulus is higher for the composite material than for the LDPE. The fibers of this species are a promissing alternative for new products and to reduce the environmental impact of traditional polymeric materials.

scholarly journals Features of the influence of doping carbon sorbents,plant-based, iron nanoparticleson their behavior in the reaction of propane dehydrogenation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nikita A. Panurin ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina B. Markova ◽  
Tatyana F. Sheshko ◽  
Alexander G. Cherednechenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Highly Active

This paper describes the synthesis of highly active and selective catalysts based on natural coal: Jerusalem artichoke, camelina, rape and wheat, and their modification with nanosized iron, for cracking associated petroleum gases (APG) using the example of propane, for solving the ecological problem of environmental pollution and the economic problem of raw materials for the production of a huge range of polymer materials used by mankind in almost all spheres of life. With the help of APG catalysis, an environmental problem can be solved. By sending APG for processing to obtain light olefins for the production of polymeric materials. Currently, catalysts using nanoparticles show high performance in selectivity, product yield, and so on. As the physical properties of nanoparticles affect their catalytic properties, and how catalyst fabrication parameters can in turn affect these physical properties, nanocatalysts can be designed that are highly active, highly selective, and reasonably stable. Also activated carbons from natural plant raw materials have very good adsorption properties, but the nature and kinetics of adsorption are determined not only by the type of natural raw materials, but also by the temperature and other parameters of the technological characteristics of the carbon materials obtained. Also, the use of catalysts in this area is environmentally beneficial, since it allows you to reduce the temperatures of the cracking processes and increase the yield of products of interest. The elemental composition of catalytic systems has been established. The acidity of catalytic systems of both natural coals modified with iron and simple natural coals has been established. A high catalytic activity of modified catalytic systems was revealed – the conversion of associated petroleum gas reaches a maximum at 900 K. A high selectivity in the formation of olefins, about 95% at the maximum conversion, for the obtained catalysts was established.

Mechanical Properties of Irradiated Polyamide under Thermal Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Maňas ◽  
Ales Mizera ◽  
Vojtech Šenkeřík
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Radiation Crosslinking ◽  
Positive Effect

It was found in this study, that radiation crosslinking has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of selected type polyamide. In recent years, there have been increasing requirements for quality and cost effectiveness of manufactured products in all areas of industrial production. These requirements are best met with the polymeric materials, which have many advantages in comparison to traditional materials. The main advantages of polymer materials are especially in their ease of processability, availability, and price of the raw materials. Radiation crosslinking is one of the ways to give the conventional plastics mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of expensive and highly resistant construction polymers. The main purpose of this paper has been to determine the effect of radiation crosslinking on the tensile strength and elongation of PA 66 (filled with 30 % glass fibers). These properties were examined in dependence on the dosage of the ionizing electron beam radiation (non-irradiated samples and those irradiated by dosage 66 and 132 kGy were compared) and on the test temperature (23, 50, 80, and 110 oC). Radiation cross-linking of PA 66 results in increased mechanical strength, and decreased of elongation. As an addition, the increased surface microhardness of polyamide was found.

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