A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of the Effectiveness of the CRT® Bacteria Test in Evaluating Caries Risk in Three-Year-Old Children

Objective. To study the correlation between the level of infection with Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LB) in saliva with existing status and the development of primary dental caries in 3-year-old children and to evaluate the results of CRT® bacteria as a Caries Risk Test. Methods. A total of 140 3-year-old children were selected for the study. Oral examination was conducted and the levels of infection with SM and LB in saliva were measured using a CRT® bacteria test. Oral reexamination was conducted after two years. The prevalence rate of caries, the decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft) and decayed-missing-filled surface (dmfs) indices, and Caries Severity Index (CSI) were calculated at the start and end of the two years. The indices were statistically analyzed. Results. The caries prevalence rate, dmft, dmfs, and CSI increased with increasing levels of CRT-SM and CRT-LB at the start and end of the two years; the increases in dmft, dmfs, and CSI over the period were consistent with the increases in CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels, with all differences being highly statistically significant. The increase in caries prevalence rate over the two years was not statistically different for different CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels. CRT-SM and CRT-LB levels were highly positively correlated with dmft, dmfs, CSI and their increases over the two years. Levels of infection with oral SM and LB were found to be independent risk factors for primary dental caries, respectively. For an SM concentration in saliva of ≥104 CFU/mL and an LB concentration of <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 2.8-fold. When the concentration of LB in saliva was ≥104 CFU/mL and that of SM <104 CFU/mL, the risk of caries increased by approximately 3.9-fold. When the concentration of both SM and LB was ≥104 CFU/mL, the risk increased by approximately 10.9-fold. Conclusions. Significant positive correlations were found between the level of infection with oral SM and LB and existing oral decay status and the trend in the development of primary dental caries. Infection with SM and LB significantly increased the risk of caries in primary teeth. The CRT® bacteria is a simple, convenient, reliable, and effective Caries Risk Test.

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Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000450658 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alaa A. Alkhateeb ◽

Lloyd A. Mancl ◽

Richard B. Presland ◽

Marilynn L. Rothen ◽

Donald L. Chi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Caries Risk ◽

Salivary Ph

Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity are associated with dental caries, but studies from the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature are inconclusive regarding these salivary factors and caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their associations with dental caries in individuals with CF. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 6-20 years at Seattle Children's Hospital CF Clinic, USA (n = 83). Salivary flow rate was measured in milliliters per minute. Salivary pH was assessed using a laboratory pH meter. Buffering capacity was assessed by titration with HCl. The outcome measure was caries prevalence, defined as the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent tooth surfaces. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the t test were used to test for bivariate associations. Multiple variable linear regression models were used to (1) run confounder-adjusted analyses and (2) assess for potential interactions. There was no significant association between salivary flow rate or buffering capacity and caries prevalence. There was a significant negative association between salivary pH and caries prevalence, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. There was no significant interaction between salivary flow rate and buffering capacity or between antibiotic use and the 3 salivary factors. Our results indicate that unstimulated salivary factors are not associated with dental caries prevalence in individuals with CF. Future studies should investigate other potential saliva-related caries risk factors in individuals with CF such as cariogenic bacteria levels, salivary host defense peptide levels, and medication use.

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Dental Caries, Prevalence and Risk Factors in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0091059 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e91059 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sara Szymanska ◽

Mikael Lördal ◽

Nilminie Rathnayake ◽

Anders Gustafsson ◽

Annsofi Johannsen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Caries Prevalence

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Preoperative leukocytosis and the resection severity index are independent risk factors for survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00423-020-01962-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 405 (7) ◽

pp. 977-988

Author(s):

Oliver Beetz ◽

Clara A. Weigle ◽

Sebastian Cammann ◽

Florian W. R. Vondran ◽

Kai Timrott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽

Postoperative Morbidity ◽

Severity Index ◽

The Body ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factors For Survival

Abstract Purpose The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is increasing worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and non-surgical treatment, reported outcomes are still poor and surgical resection remains to be the only chance for long-term survival of affected patients. The identification and validation of prognostic factors and scores, such as the recently introduced resection severity index, for postoperative morbidity and mortality are essential to facilitate optimal therapeutic regimens. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 269 patients undergoing resection of histologically confirmed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between February 1996 and September 2018 at a tertiary referral center for hepatobiliary surgery. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate potential prognostic factors, including the resection severity index. Results Median postoperative follow-up time was 22.93 (0.10–234.39) months. Severe postoperative complications (≥ Clavien-Dindo grade III) were observed in 94 (34.9%) patients. The body mass index (p = 0.035), the resection severity index (ASAT in U/l divided by Quick in % multiplied by the extent of liver resection graded in points; p = 0.006), additional hilar bile duct resection (p = 0.005), and number of packed red blood cells transfused during operation (p = 0.036) were independent risk factors for the onset of severe postoperative complications. Median Kaplan-Meier survival after resection was 27.63 months. Preoperative leukocytosis (p = 0.003), the resection severity index (p = 0.005), multivisceral resection (p = 0.001), and T stage ≥ 3 (p = 0.013) were identified as independent risk factors for survival. Conclusion Preoperative leukocytosis and the resection severity index are useful variables for preoperative risk stratification since they were identified as significant predictors for postoperative morbidity and mortality, respectively.

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Short-term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factors

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/s0003-9969(02)00112-7 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

pp. 799-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

A.J Ahola ◽

H Yli-Knuuttila ◽

T Suomalainen ◽

T Poussa ◽

A Ahlström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Caries Risk ◽

Short Term

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Caries Risk Factors among Three-year Old Children in Chiba, Japan

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/101053959901100210 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 109-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akio Tada ◽

Yuichi Ando ◽

Nobuhiro Hanada

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Caries Risk ◽

Independent Variables ◽

The Relationship

In order to predict the factors which affect the occurrence of dental caries in children after the age 18-months, we analyzed the relationship between the increment of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) in children from 18-months to three-years of age and caries risk factors. Subjects were 392 infants who received both an 18-month-old check-up and a three-year-old check-up in Chiba city. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the results with the increment of the dmft by various combinations of independent variables (sex, order of birth, sweets intake, beverage intake, tooth brushing and feeding). The most predictive factors for the increment of the dmft in upper anterior and molar were “breast feeding” and “bottle feeding” respectively. From these results, we concluded that bottle feeding and breast feeding were the risk factors for the increment of the dmft from the age of 18-months to three years.

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Konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan kebiasaan menggosok gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak

HOLISTIK JURNAL KESEHATAN ◽

10.33024/hjk.v13i4.2091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 333-339

Author(s):

Riska Wandini ◽

Yuniati Yuniati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Intake ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

P Value ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sample Number

Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 4 to 6 years old in Bandar Lampung-IndonesiaBackground: Dental caries are still a matter of oral health in large industrialized countries , which affects 60-90% of the school children and most adults.Dental caries can be experienced by everyone and can arise on one or more dental surfaces.For example, from email to dentin or to Pulpa. Caries are due to various reasons, including are carbohydrates, microorganisms and saliva, tooth shape surfaces. Based on data by interviewed at the time were conducted on 20 Students at kindergarten Kuntum Mekar and Setia Bandar Lampung obtained of 14 (70%) They have a cariogenic food intake during the day and had the poorest teeth brushing habits, characterized by dental caries of 7 (30%).Purpose: Knowing caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 4 to 6 years old in Bandar Lampung-IndonesiaMethods: A quantitative research type (analytic), with cross sectional approach and population was all children at Kuntum Mekar and Setia kindergarten in Bandar Lampung. By formula Slovin got sample number of 80 students. Data analysis Used the chi-square statistical test.Result: Finding the frequency of consumption of high cariogenic foods As many as of 72 respondents (86%), had a poorest tooth brushing habits, of 60 respondents (75%), and had a dental caries as many as of 63 respondents (83.8%), with the p-value = 0.022 and 0.002; OR: 5,357 and OR: 7,333.Conclusion: There is a correlation the factors cariogenic food intake during the day and had the poorest tooth brushing habits with dental caries occurance.Suggestions: To be pay attention for parent and teachers to remember that children reduce the consumption of cariogenic food and improving in brushing teeth habitKeywords: Cariogenic food intake; Brushing teeth habit; Dental caries.Pendahuluan: Karies gigi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan mulut di negara-negara industri besar, yang mempengaruhi 60-90% dari anak-anak sekolah dan sebagian besar orang dewasa. Karies gigi dapat dialami oleh semua orang dan dapat timbul di satu permukaan gigi atau lebih. Misalnya dari email ke dentin ataupun ke pulpa. Karies dikarenakan berbagai sebab, diantaranya adalah karbohidrat, mikroorganisme dan air ludah, permukaan bentuk gigi.Berdasarkan hasil prasurvei yang dilakukan pada siswa yang juga diwawancarai pada saat itu dilakukan pada 20 siswa di TK Kuntum Mekar dan TK Setia Bandar Lampung didapatkan data 14 siswa (70%) diantaranya mengkonsumsi makanan kariogenik dan memiliki kebiasaan menggosok gigi yang kurang baik ditandai dengan karies gigi dan 7 siswa (30%) diantaranya mengatakan jarang mengkonsumsi makanan kariogenik dan memiliki kebiasaan menggosok gigi cukup baik atau minimal dua kali sehari saat pagi sesudah makan dan malam sebelum tidur.Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan antara konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan kebiasaan menggosok gigi umur 4-6 tahun dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak-anak di Bandar Lampung Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif (analitik), dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak-anak TK Kuntum Mekar dan TK Setia di Bandar Lampung, dengan jumlah sampel 80 murid.Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin.Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik chi-square.Hasil: Menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi konsumsi makanan kariogenik yang sering sebanyak 72 responden (86%), kebiasaan menggosok gigi yang buruk sebanyak 60 responden (75%). Karies gigi pada anak-anak dengan karies sebanyak 63 responden (83,8%). Ada hubungan antara konsumsi makanan kariogenik dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak dengan nilai p-value = 0,022 (p-value<0,05), serta diperoleh nilai OR : 5.357. Ada hubungan anatara menggosok gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak dengan nilai p-value = 0,002 (p-value<0,05), serta diperoleh nilai OR : 7.333.Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan kebiasaan menggosok gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak TK Kuntum Mekar dan TK Setia di Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019. Saran dalam penelitian ini diharapkan anak-anak mengurangi konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan mengetahui kebiasaan menggosok gigi yang benar.

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Using the Cariogram - Assessment of Different Dental Caries Risk Factors

10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.384 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jetmire Alimani Jakupi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Caries Risk

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RISK FACTORS OF NEW CARIES BASED ON CHILD DENTAL CARIES PREDICTOR APPROACH

Dentika Dental Journal ◽

10.32734/dentika.v18i2.2017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 131-135

Author(s):

Quroti A’yun ◽

Julita Hendrartini ◽

Supartinah Santoso ◽

Diyah Fatmasari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Dental Caries ◽

School Environment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Research Result ◽

New Method ◽

Observational Research ◽

Caries Risk ◽

Children's Behavior

Caries risk factors are factors relate to caries occurrence in individual or population. Caries risk factors vary in everyindividual. A new method to discover the relation between risk factors and caries in children is a software named childdental caries predictor This research aimed to know the general overview of the order of caries risk factor in elementaryschool students in the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This was an observational research with cross-sectionaldesign. The subjects were 430 children, ranging from 10 to 12 years of age. Caries risk factors that were assessed throughchild dental caries predictor were oral and dental condition, mothers and children’s behavior in maintaining dental health,and school environment. The research result showed that the percentage for each risk factor was 39.74% for oral anddental condition, 35.77% for children’s behavior in maintaining dental health, 15.90% for mothers’ behavior inmaintaining child’s dental health, and 7.95% for school environment. In conclusion, the order of children caries riskfactors through measurement using child dental caries predictor are oral and dental condition, children’s behavior inmaintaining dental health, mothers’ behavior maintaining child’s dental health,, and school environment.

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Breastfeeding Duration and Childhood Caries: A Cohort Study

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000448145 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 498-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Areerat Nirunsittirat ◽

Waranuch Pitiphat ◽

Christy M. McKinney ◽

Timothy A. DeRouen ◽

Nusara Chansamak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

World Health ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Binomial Regression

This cohort study was conducted in Khon Kaen, Thailand, to test the hypothesis that a longer breastfeeding duration increases the risk for dental caries in primary teeth. We collected information on infant feeding practices and potential confounders using a structured questionnaire to interview mothers or caregivers during the second trimester of pregnancy and after birth at 21 days and at 3, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. Regardless of other liquids and foods, full breastfeeding was defined as feeding breast milk but not formula, while any breastfeeding was feeding breast milk with or without formula. Two calibrated dentists measured dental caries when the children were 3-4 years of age using the decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) index following the World Health Organization criteria. Negative binomial regression with a generalized linear model was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using dmfs as an outcome. Log-binomial regression was performed to model the caries prevalence. Of 556 children, 88.1% had dental caries with a mean dmfs of 14.2. Full breastfeeding for 6-11 months was significantly associated with a lower dmfs (adjusted RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63, 0.93) and a lower caries prevalence (adjusted RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22, 0.90). The frequency of sleeping while breast- or bottle-feeding increased the caries risk in a dose-response manner. There was no association between duration of any breastfeeding and dental caries. In conclusion, full breastfeeding for 6-11 months may protect against dental caries in primary teeth. Prolonged breastfeeding was not associated with dental caries in this population.

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