scholarly journals Dental Students’ Didactic and Psychomotor Skills Performance in Dental Anatomy and Preclinical Operative Dentistry Courses in a Saudi Governmental School

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Afnan O. Al-Zain ◽  
Adel M. Abdel-Azim ◽  
Hisham I. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Operative Dentistry ◽  
Dental Anatomy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background. Knowledge and psychomotor skills are essential in dental education. The aims were to (1) investigate the correlation between dental students’ didactic and psychomotor skills performance in the dental anatomy and preclinical operative dentistry courses and (2) explore the impact of gender on students’ performance in both courses. Materials and Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed on dental students’ (164 students; 72 males and 92 females) dental anatomy and preclinical operative courses scores of the same class over 2 years (2018–2020). Didactic and practical scores were collected. The didactic scores included examinations. Practical scores included tooth wax carving for the dental anatomy course and class II cavity preparations and restorations for the preclinical operative. Student’s t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the difference between the didactic and psychomotor skills scores of both courses and genders. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to explore correlations ( p < 0.05 ). Results. Moderate, positive, and significant correlations were found between didactic scores in both courses and between dental anatomy’s didactic and psychomotor skills. A weak, positive, and significant correlation existed between the preclinical operative didactic and psychomotor silks ( p < 0.05 ). Females’ didactic performance was significantly better than males. Gender had a significant, positive, and moderate correlation in the dental anatomy course, but moderate-weak in preclinical operative ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Students’ didactic and psychomotor performance correlations in dental anatomy and preclinical operative courses were positive. The correlation was moderate and weak and varied by course. Gender had a significant impact on student performance and varied by procedure and courses investigated.

scholarly journals Basic motor abilities as predictors of mastering an obstacle course designed to test motor skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Lazar Vulin ◽  
Darko Paspalj ◽  
Milan Gužvica ◽  
Milenko Vojvodić
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hand Tapping ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Run Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of motor abilities on mastering an obstacle course and define quantitative differences in basic motor abilities between the students awarded poor grades and the students awarded higher grades based on the result achieved on the obstacle course designed to test motor skills. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that motor abilities are important for mastering an obstacle course for testing motor skills and, on the basis of them, we may predict the result that defines the students' specific skills. Moreover, the results of the Student's t-test for independent samples demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the level of motor abilities between the students awarded poor grades and those awarded higher grades. The difference is defined by statistically significantly better values of the results achieved on motor tests: the maximum number of sit-ups (MPTP), stick mobility (MOKP), hand tapping (MTAP) and Cooper's 12 minute run test (MKUP), achieved by the students with higher grades, based on which we can assume that these variables are predictive of successful mastery of the obstacle course for testing motor skills. The results obtained might contribute to a better organization of training work in teaching, especially regarding an approach to improving motor abilities that dominantly have an impact on mastering an obstacle course designed to test motor skills.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF USING TOOLS IN PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL TRAINING OF DENTAL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S Serikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Real Patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of using tools in pre - clinical and clinical training of dental students. In this study, the goal was to evaluate the effects of using high-speed and low-speed handpieces by dental students during their preclinical practical training on phantoms and compare them with polyclinic work on real patients. In the course of the study, students were asked to perform first-class black cavities dissection using low-speed and high-speed turbine tips. Thus, the type of tip speed did not affect the theoretical capabilities of students of the faculty of dentistry when testing and preparing carious cavities of class I. However, there were differences in the practical training of dental students and the inability to create the correct tooth cavity, due to the difference in the speed of movement of the boron head of a high-speed turbine tip. The data obtained in the course of the study indicate the need to implement an educational program using real high-speed turbine tips in order to improve the practical training of students of the faculty of dentistry. The use of high-speed tips can strengthen the self-confidence of dental students and ensure the acquisition of cognitive thinking and psychomotor skills from working with phantoms to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Impact of the Haptic Virtual Reality Simulator on Dental Students’ Psychomotor Skills in Preclinical Operative Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Abeer Farag ◽  
Danya Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Class I ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Virtual Reality Simulation ◽  
Operative Dentistry ◽  
The Impact

One of the current trends in dental education is to empower dental students on a global platform using advanced technology. Haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) is a relatively new technology in the field of teaching and learning operative dentistry. This study aims to assess the impact of haptic virtual reality simulation (HVRS) on dental students’ psychomotor skills acquisition in preclinical operative dentistry. Class I cavity preparations (CP) were performed at baseline by 21 novice dental students on plastic teeth. Duration of CP was recorded and cavity features were evaluated and scored. Then, students were exposed to HVRS training on CP. Another Class I CP was performed by each student on plastic teeth after HVRS training, then evaluated, and the duration was recorded. There was a statistically significant decrease in CP performance time after HVRS training (p < 0.001) and an increase in the mean total marks of CP after HVRS training (p < 0.001). The change in the students’ performance in the CP displayed a statistically significant improvement after HVRS training in smoothness of the pulpal floor (p = 0.047), pulpal floor direction (p = 0.029), buccal, lingual, and mesial wall direction (p = 0.004, p = 0.025, p = 0.002), mesial and distal wall smoothness (p = 0.01, p = 0.001), internal line angle (p = 0.024), and internal point angle (p = 0.029). Overall improved performance in psychomotor skills was found after HVRS training. It could be beneficial to incorporate HVRS training early in pre-clinical operative dentistry courses as an adjunct to conventional phantom head training.

The Impact of Domestic Violence on Women’s Self-Attitude in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Zhanna Kalmatayeva
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article was to study the problems of domestic violence of women and its consequences in Kazakhstan. The analysis of the results of the study of self-attitude and self-esteem of women subjected to domestic violence. Revealed there is a correlation between the level of self-attitude of domestic violence victims and the non-differentiated I-concept. 140 women participated in the present study, 70 women are control group which not subjected to domestic violence and 70 women of them who have currently reported domestic violence in the Crisis Center "Umit" in Nur-Sultan in the period from November 2017 to October 2019. Quantitative research method was used in terms of survey model by implementing a psychological test “The self-attitude test questionnaire (SA)” that assesses self-relation, differentiated by self-esteem, self-sympathy, self-interest, and expectations of self-reliance of participants. Also, during the study was used personal questionnaire “Who am I?” a variant of non-standardized self-report, approaching the projective methods of personality research. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the answers in terms of their levels of the participants’ self-esteem and self-relation and further, since it was revealed according to the results reflect the difference in the two groups by the values obtained from these scales, the Student's t-test for independent groups was used [2] was used to reveal whether there is any correlation between the components of the scale. The obtained results can be used to interventions and training of family for counselors in order to promote women's self-esteem and self-relation.

scholarly journals Specialization and Performance: Evidence from NCAA 4 × 400 m Relay Times

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Candon Johnson ◽  
Robert Schultz ◽  
Joshua C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measure ◽  
Division I ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This paper investigates the impact of having open 400 meter (400 m) runners on NCAA relay teams. Using data from 2012–2016 containing the top 100 4 × 400 m in each NCAA Division relay times for each year, it is found that more 400 m specialists lead to an increase in the overall performance of the team, measured by a decrease in relay times. The effect is examined across Division I–III NCAA track teams. The results are consistent across each division. We view this as a test of the role of specialization on performance. Using runners who specialize in 400 m races should increase overall team performance as long as specialization does not lead to an inefficient allocation of team human capital. An additional performance measure is used examining the difference between projected and actual relay times. Divisions I and II are found to perform better than projected with an increase in 400 m runners, but there is no effect found in Division III.

scholarly journals Analgesic prescribing habits and patterns of Canadian chief urology residents: A national survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dergham ◽  
Greg Hosier ◽  
Melanie Jaeger ◽  
J. Curtis Nickel ◽  
D. Robert Siemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Review Course ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction: Prior studies have identified significant knowledge gaps in acute and chronic pain management among graduating urology residents as of five years ago. Since then, there has been increasing awareness of the impact of excessive opioid prescribing on long-term narcotic use and development of adverse narcotic-related events. However, it is unclear whether the attitudes and experience of graduating urology residents have changed. We set out to evaluate the attitudes and experience of graduating urology residents in prescribing opioid/non-opioid analgesia for acute (AP), chronic non-cancer (CnC), and chronic cancer (CC) pain. Methods: Graduating urology residents were surveyed at a review course in 2018. The survey consisted of open-ended and close-ended five-point Likert scale questions. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student’s t-test were performed. Results: A total of 32 PGY5 urology residents completed our survey (92% response rate). The vast majority agreed that formal training in managing AP/CnC/CC to be valuable (91/78/81%). Most find their training in CnC/CC management to be inadequate and are unaware of any opioid prescribing guidelines; 66% never counsel patients on how to dispose of excess opioids. In general, 88% are comfortable prescribing opioids, whereas most are very uncomfortable prescribing cannabis or antidepressants (100%/78%). Residents reported the Acute Pain Service as the highest-rated resource for information, and dedicated textbooks the least. Conclusions: This survey demonstrated that experience in pain management remains variable among urology residents. Knowledge gaps remain, particularly in the management of chronic cancer/non-cancer pain.

scholarly journals ‘Blood in pee’ campaign: Increased demand on secondary care with no change in cancers diagnosed

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Kunjan Patel ◽  
Susan Jane Hall ◽  
Kamath Shraddha ◽  
Richard Stanford ◽  
Simon Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: As part of the national Be Clear on Cancer campaign, the ‘blood in pee’ campaign was launched in 2013. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the campaign on 2-week wait (2WW) referrals and the resulting diagnoses of malignancy at a single trust, and secondly, to evaluate the socio-economic background of patients referred. Patients and methods: Suspected cancer 2WW patients in the 3 months pre- and post-campaign were included. Demographics, investigations and diagnoses were recorded. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test demonstrated a normal distribution. The data were treated as parametric and analysed with the unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: Referrals for visible haematuria significantly increased by 52% from 135 pre-campaign to 205 post-campaign ( p = 0.03). There was a fall in the proportion of patients diagnosed with malignancy from 20.27% pre-campaign to 15.36% post-campaign. The mean index of multiple deprivation score of referrals did not change: p = 0.43. Conclusion: This campaign has increased referrals without increasing the proportion of malignancies diagnosed, placing large demand on services without benefit or extra funding. Nor has the campaign effectively reached deprived socio-economic groups. There is little evidence as to the efficacy of untargeted cancer awareness campaigns and further work is needed to improve their pick-up of malignancies. Level of evidence: 2C

scholarly journals Perception of dentists, dental students, and patients on dentogingival aesthetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Migueli DURIGON ◽  
Bruno Pinto ALESSI ◽  
Matheus NEVES ◽  
Micheline Sandini TRENTIN
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Professional Satisfaction ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Adobe Photoshop ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Introduction Patients’ demand for dentogingival aesthetics has increased significantly in recent years, and this is a complex concept due to numerous factors involved in obtaining patient/professional satisfaction. Some dentogingival features may alter smile harmony, such as excessive gingival display. Objective To evaluate whether the presence of gingival display has a negative influence on the perception of dentogingival aesthetics. Material and method 180 individuals (60 dentists, 60 dental students, and 60 patients) evaluated images of volunteer smiles. These images were digitally altered by the Adobe Photoshop™ software, creating different situations of gingival display (4 mm, 2 mm, 0 mm, -2 mm, -4 mm), and graded by the evaluators with the following scores: (01) very pleasant smile, (02) pleasant smile, and 03) unpleasant smile. The scores assigned were analyzed using ANOVA (α=0.05). Result Gingival displays between 0 and 2 mm were considered aesthetically pleasing. Changes of -4 and +4 mm were defined as the most disharmonious smiles. The 0-mm female smile was considered the most harmonious for dentists (1.51) and dental students (1.77), by Student's t test (p<0.05). In the opinion of patients, the smile of +2 mm was considered the most aesthetic. In the image evaluations of men, the 0-mm smile was considered the most aesthetic (p <0.05) for dentists (1.85) and dental students (1.62). The patients considered +2 mm of gingival display the most harmonious smile. Conclusion The aesthetic perception of dental students and dentists was different when compared to the group of patients.

Alterations in post-movement beta event related synchronization throughout the migraine cycle: A controlled, longitudinal study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Syvertsen Mykland ◽  
Marte Helene Bjørk ◽  
Marit Stjern ◽  
Trond Sand
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background The migraine brain is believed to have altered cortical excitability compared to controls and between migraine cycle phases. Our aim was to evaluate post-activation excitability through post-movement beta event related synchronization (PMBS) in sensorimotor cortices with and without sensory discrimination. Subjects and methods We recorded EEG of 41 migraine patients and 31 healthy controls on three different days with classification of days in relation to migraine phases. During each recording, subjects performed one motor and one sensorimotor task with the right wrist. Controls and migraine patients in the interictal phase were compared with repeated measures (R-) ANOVA and two sample Student’s t-test. Migraine phases were compared to the interictal phase with R-ANOVA and paired Student’s t-test. Results The difference between PMBS at the contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex was altered throughout the migraine cycle. Compared to the interictal phase, we found decreased PMBS at the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in the ictal phase and increased PMBS in the preictal phase. Lower ictal PMBS was found in bilateral sensorimotor cortices in patients with right side headache predominance. Conclusion The cyclic changes of PMBS in migraine patients may indicate that a dysfunction in deactivation and interhemispheric inhibition of the sensorimotor cortex is involved in the migraine attack cascade.

scholarly journals A systematic approach to the formation of general professional competencies during the specialists’ training in the field of aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 22023
Author(s):  
Anna Neydorf ◽  
Elena Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Student’S T Test

Basing on the assumption that the basic foundations of the natural science knowledge which should be developed in the process of mastering the disciplines of the educational program should be laid for the successful formation of General professional and universal competencies of future specialists in the field of aquaculture, the research goal was chosen: to study the degree of formation of the natural science knowledge among students of the specialty "Water bioresources and aquaculture”. In the written survey took part future specialists in the field of aquaculture of the first year of study (N0=60) and fourth-year students (N1=38). For statistical assessment of the results were used Fisher's φ-test and Student's t-test (p ≤ 0.01). The results showed that there were no significant differences between basic knowledge in the field of natural Sciences for the 1st-yaer and 4th-year students. The significant differences were identified in students' definition of the difference between natural science and parascientific fields of knowledge, but the best result was shown by 1st-year students. It can be concluded that pedagogical technologies used for the formation of General professional and universal competencies need to be modernized, and further research and development of new methodological approaches to teaching disciplines related to basic natural science knowledge will be promising.

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