scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nitrate Nanoparticle and Its Application in Endodontics and Dentistry: A Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Thangavelu ◽  
Abdul Habeeb Adil ◽  
Sohaib Arshad ◽  
Ezhilarasan Devaraj ◽  
Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
English Language ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Oral Malignancies

Background. The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are the most acceptable and excellent nanotechnology-based product among all metallic nanoparticles (noble metals). They are novel in terms of good conductivity, catalytic, chemical stability, and most significant anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Aim. This review is aimed at understanding the synthesis, mechanism, and applications of Ag NPs in dentistry and their qualities to aid clinicians and researchers. Materials and Methods. A electronic search for literature was performed on the Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for related articles using multiple keywords. The keywords used were antimicrobial properties, mechanism of action, and current uses of Ag NPs in dentistry. The search was limited to articles published in the English language; no deadline was set for publications. Results. About 185 articles were considered relevant to the reported research out of 6420 electronic search results. Only the publications that were required were received after all abstracts were assessed for relevance. After a final electronic and manual search, roughly 47 research publications were found to be helpful in this study. Conclusion. The Ag NPs, unlike other biomaterials used in dentistry, have unique biological features and could be used in endodontics, restorative dentistry, periodontology, prosthetic dentistry, implantology, and oral malignancies, because of their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral effects.

scholarly journals Nanostructures and their application in antimicrobial drug delivery system

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

As multiresistant and pan-resistant infections continue to emerge, and because the development of novel antimicrobial drugs is a slow process, nanotechnology offers valuable alternatives for fighting resistant bugs, mainly by improving the therapeutic effect of current antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest global health threats of the 21st century, but nanotechnology is offering new solutions to the problem. Nanostructured biomaterials, nanoparticles in particular, have unique physicochemical properties such as ultra small and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity, and functionalizable structure. These properties can be applied to facilitate the administration of antimicrobial drugs, thereby overcoming some of the limitations in traditional antimicrobial therapeutics. Carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (especially single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles) show potent antimicrobial properties. Nanocoating and shuttle systems have shown great promise in vitro and animal models. Noble metals nanostructures, particularly silver, have attracted much attention in the fields of medicine due to their unique properties which are strongly dependent on the size and shape of metal nanomaterials. Recent development of nanocarriers, improved the drug therapy of different diseases, together with the mechanisms of microbial inhibition.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Partially Oxidized Ag/Au Nanoparticles against the Oral PathogenPorphyromonas gingivalisW83

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S. Holden ◽  
Jason Black ◽  
Ainsely Lewis ◽  
Marie-Claire Boutrin ◽  
Elvin Walemba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Galvanic Replacement ◽  
Chloroauric Acid ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Silver Dissolution

Advances in nanotechnology provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. While physicochemical properties of Ag containing nanoparticles (NPs) are known to influence the magnitude of their toxicity, it is thought that nanosilver can be made less toxic to eukaryotes by passivation of the NPs with a benign metal. Moreover, the addition of other noble metals to silver nanoparticles, in the alloy formulation, is known to alter the silver dissolution behavior. Thus, we synthesized glutathione capped Ag/Au alloy bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs)viathe galvanic replacement reaction between maltose coated Ag NPs and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) in 5% aqueous triblock F127 copolymer solution. We then compared the antibacterial activity of the Ag/Au NPs to pure Ag NPs onPorphyromonas gingivalisW83, a key pathogen in the development of periodontal disease. Only partially oxidized glutathione capped Ag and Ag/Au (Au : Ag ≈ 0.2) NPs inhibited the planktonic growth ofP. gingivalisW83. This effect was enhanced in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which simulates the oxidative stress environment in the periodontal pocket during chronic inflammation.

Odontogenic Keratocyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Marwa A. Hamied ◽  
Salwa M. Al-Shaikhani ◽  
Zana D. Ali
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Odontogenic Keratocyst ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Virtual Database ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Early Diagnose

Purpose: to review in detail various aspects of odontogenic keratocyst, emphasizing recent nomenclature, clinical, histopathological, recurrence, and management of odontogenic keratocyst. Methods: To achieve the objective of this review, a manual search was done in hard copy books of oral and maxillofacial pathology, and an electronic search was done in the google website, oral and maxillofacial pathology E-books, virtual database sites, such as PubMed, Research Gate, Academia, and Google scholar using the descriptors: odontogenic cyst, kerato odontogenic tumor, odontogenic keratocyst, and jaws cystic lesion. The eligibility criteria for selecting articles were: to be in the English language, studies published in journals, or indexed in these databases until 2021. Exclusion criteria were: articles in any languages other than English, studies presented in duplicate between the bases, whose theme did not contemplate the objective proposed in this review, or those not available in the digital environment. Data collection occurred from October to December 2020, followed by a thorough evaluation of the studies found, including an exploratory, selective, analytical, and interpretative reading. Summary and conclusions: the odontogenic keratocyst is noteworthy because of its unusual growth pattern, the tendency to recur, and association with an inherited syndrome. The renaming of odontogenic keratocysts as keratocystic odontogenic tumors has been one of the most debatable changes in the terminology of odontogenic lesions in recent years. Early diagnose of this lesion is important to perform the more conservative treatment. A wait-and-see policy, with yearly follow-up for the first five years and every two years after that, is strongly advocated.

scholarly journals Marine Bacterial Exopolymers-Mediated Green Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Scala ◽  
Anna Piperno ◽  
Alexandru Hada ◽  
Simion Astilean ◽  
Adriana Vulpoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Gold Silver

A straightforward and green method for the synthesis of gold, silver, and silver chloride nanoparticles (Au NPs and Ag/AgCl NPs) was developed using three different microbial exopolymers (EP) as reducing and stabilizing agents. The exopolysaccharides EPS B3-15 and EPS T14 and the poly-γ-glutamic acid γ-PGA-APA were produced by thermophilic bacteria isolated from shallow hydrothermal vents off the Eolian Islands (Italy) in the Mediterranean Sea. The production of metal NPs was monitored by UV−Vis measurements by the typical plasmon resonance absorption peak and their antimicrobial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as fungi (Candida albicans) was investigated. The biological evaluation showed no activity for EP-Au NPs, except against E. coli, whereas EP-Ag NPs exhibited a broad-spectrum of activity. The chemical composition, morphology, and size of EP-Ag NPs were investigated by UV–Vis, zeta potential (ζ), dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The best antimicrobial results were obtained for EPS B3-15-Ag NPs and EPS T14-Ag NPs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC: 9.37–45 µg/mL; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration/Minimum Fungicidal Concentration, MBC/MFC: 11.25–75 µg/mL).

scholarly journals Controlled biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles with Coffea arabica using factorial design

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson Juvencio Keijok ◽  
Rayssa Helena Arruda Pereira ◽  
Luis Alberto Contreras Alvarez ◽  
Adilson Ribeiro Prado ◽  
André Romero da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Aromatic Molecules

Abstract Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has become incredibly popular, mainly by minimizing problems of environmental contamination and by being able to reduce, stabilize and potentially functionalize nanomaterials. Such compounds have possible applications in various areas, e.g., pharmaceuticals (drug delivery systems, cosmetics), textile industry (clothing with antimicrobial properties), diagnostic medicine (imaging, high efficiency biosensors), energy (solar panels), bioremediation, among others. However, the lack of reproducibility and information on the control mechanisms during synthesis have made the application of green-synthesized nanoparticles unfeasible. Thus, this study proposed the investigation of the main mechanisms affecting synthesis control, using factorial design for the preparation of gold nanoparticles with extract of Coffea arabica. We obtained stable (Zeta Potential, UV-vis and DLS), monodisperse, and quasi-spherical (TEM) nanoparticles, which presented adsorbed aromatic molecules (FTIR and RAMAN) and defined crystal structure (XRD), proving that the plant extract acted as a reducing agent, as well as a stabilizer and functionalizer for the synthesized nanostructures. The factorial design employed here to obtain gold nanoparticles with Coffea arabica extract allowed for a controlled and reproducible synthesis, enabling new possibilities for the application in several fields.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Metallic Nanoparticle Combinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bankier ◽  
R. K. Matharu ◽  
Y. K. Cheong ◽  
G. G. Ren ◽  
E. Cloutman-Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticle ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Metallic nanoparticles have unique antimicrobial properties that make them suitable for use within medical and pharmaceutical devices to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare. The use of nanoparticles in healthcare is on the increase with silver being used in many devices. However, not all metallic nanoparticles can target and kill all disease-causing bacteria. To overcome this, a combination of several different metallic nanoparticles were used in this study to compare effects of multiple metallic nanoparticles when in combination than when used singly, as single elemental nanoparticles (SENPs), against two common hospital acquired pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas. aeruginosa). Flow cytometry LIVE/DEAD assay was used to determine rates of cell death within a bacterial population when exposed to the nanoparticles. Results were analysed using linear models to compare effectiveness of three different metallic nanoparticles, tungsten carbide (WC), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu), in combination and separately. Results show that when the nanoparticles are placed in combination (NPCs), antimicrobial effects significantly increase than when compared with SENPs (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates that certain metallic nanoparticles can be used in combination to improve the antimicrobial efficiency in destroying morphologically distinct pathogens within the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Derivation and validation of a search algorithm to retrospectively identify CRRT initiation in the ECMO patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Guru ◽  
Tarun Singh ◽  
Melissa Passe ◽  
Kianoush Kashani ◽  
Gregory Schears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Failure ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Electronic Search

SummaryThe role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in refractory cardiorespiratory failure is gaining momentum with recent advancements in technology. However, the need for dialysis modes such as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has also increased in the management for acute kidney injury. Establishing the exact timing of CRRT initiation in these patients from the electronic medical record is vital for automated data extraction for research and quality improvement efforts.We aimed to derive and validate an automated Electronic Health Records (EHR) search strategy for CRRT initiation in patients receiving ECMO.We screened 488 patients who received ECMO and a total of 213 patients underwent CRRT. We evaluated random 120 patients, 60 for derivation and 60 for validation cohorts. Following implementation of eligibility criteria, the algorithm was derived in 55 out of 120 ECMO/CRRT patients. The search algorithm was developed using first-time chart entry of ‘access pressure drop’ at CRRT initiation. The algorithm was then validated in an independent subset of 52 patients from the same time period. The overall agreement between electronic search algorithm and a comprehensive manual medical record review in the derivation and validation subsets, using ‘access pressure drop’ as the reference standard, was compared to assess CRRT initiation time.In the derivation subset (N=55), the automated electronic search strategy achieved an excellent agreement with manual search (D =0.99, 54 were identified electronically, and 55 upon manual review). There was no time difference observed in 49/54(89%) patients, while in the remaining 5 (9%) patients time difference was within 15 minutes. In the validation cohort (N=52), agreement was 100 % (D = 1.0, both methods identified 52 patients). Out of 52 patients, 47 (90%) had no time difference between the methods, for the remaining 5 (10%) patients, differences were within 15 minutes.The use of an electronic search strategy resulted in determining an accurate CRRT initiation time among ECMO patients.

Non-compliance and related phenomena

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Discharge Against Medical Advice ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

AbstractObjective:Review of literature on non-compliance with medication in psychiatric patients.Method:Computer and manual search of English language literature on non-compliance with drugs, psychiatric disorder, and phenomena which may be related, such as readmission and discharge against medical advice.Results:The literature is discussed and a tentative checklist of risk factors for non-compliance is offered, as is advice on ways in which the problem may be minimised. It is noted that there is an emphasis on major mental disorders in the published literature.Conclusion:There is no stereotypical defaulter. A high index of suspicion is essential. As far as possible, the patient should be educated to share in the responsibility for treatment, and concerned relatives and others can often play a pivotal role. More research is required on compliance problems in the minor psychiatric disorders. Close liaison with the general practitioner is vital.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Odontogenic Cysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Marwa Abdul-Salam Hamied ◽  
Salwa M. Al-Shaikhani ◽  
Zana D. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Odontogenic Cysts ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Bony Destruction ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Periapical Cyst

 Cystic conditions of the jaw cause bony destruction and may cause resorption or displacement of adjacent teeth. Odontogenic cysts have developmental or inflammatory origins. To describe in detail the inflammatory odontogenic cysts, a manual search was done in hard copy books of oral and maxillofacial pathology, and an electronic search was done in the google website, oral and maxillofacial pathology E-books, PubMed, Research Gate, Academia, and Google scholar using the keywords "odontogenic cysts," "classification of the odontogenic cysts," "radicular cyst," "periapical cyst," "lateral inflammatory cyst," "residual cyst," "paradental cyst," "collateral inflammatory cyst," "treatment of inflammatory odontogenic cysts," and matching each odontogenic inflammatory cyst subtype with these words "gross description," "pathogenesis," "microscopical,"  clinical," "radiographical" appearance. Articles published till February 2021 were included in this review.  In conclusion, an accurate diagnosis of an inflammatory odontogenic cyst requires information relative to its clinical, radiographical, macro- and microscopical findings. In many instances, two cysts that are classified differently may exhibit similar histopathological features. In such cases, clinical and radiographic findings are necessary to make a precise diagnosis.

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