scholarly journals Evolution Process and Supply Chain Adaptation of Smart Contracts in Blockchain

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Junxiang Li ◽  
Jiru Zhou ◽  
Shichang Luo ◽  
Liwei Song
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Application Field ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Block Chain

Because of its unique decentralization, encryption, reliability, and tamper-proof, the block chain system makes smart contracts break through the shackles of the lack of trusted environment, and its application field keeps expanding. We read the source code and official documents of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger to explore the operation principle and implementation mode of smart contract. By analyzing the evolution process of smart contracts in blockchain and the sequence of its function expansion, according to the multirole business process of supply chain, we design a semipublic smart contract chain model based on Ethereum and Hyperledger in order to provide useful inspiration and help for the future research of smart contracts in blockchain applied in supply chain.

scholarly journals Systematic Approach to Analyze Attacks on SCM: using Blockchain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Time Stamp ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Block Chain

Smart contracts are programs, which are stored in a decentralized network i.e. Block chain. These are written by users to develop decentralized applications using different platform like Ethereum and bitcoin. In current scenario, even though blockchain support features like security and transparency. Because of solidity language vulnerability, there is a possibility of attacks on smart contracts in blockchain. So, to avoid those attacks like i.e. Locked Ether, Transaction order dependency and Time stamp dependency. We discussed, analyzed and tested these attacks in this paper. Further, in our project supply chain management for textile industry using block chain technology, we have developed smart contract using solidity language on Ethereum Platform. With the aim of protecting our project from these attacks, we are thoroughly and experimentally analyzed. And based on the experimental observations, we are going to protect our project from these attacks. All the above mentioned attacks are thoroughly studied and experimentally tested on Ganache, Ropston test network, Rinkeby test network using Remix IDE in JVM, injectedweb3and web3 provider environments. Finally, we have suggested security measures to protect from these attacks

scholarly journals Effective Smart Contracts for Supply Chain Contracts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bajeela Aejas ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouras
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chain Contracts ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Block Chain

Blockchain is in its way of revolutionizing different sectors with its decentralized peer-to-peer networking. Smart contracts are the piece of software that have written rules to be executed automatically to update the state of the block chain in a systematic way. One of the main use of Smart contract is in Supply Chain management. Supply Chain management deals with lot of legal contracts at a time. Contracts are agreements between two or more parties that define the duties and obligations for execution of any kind of activities. In this research, we are trying to automate the supply chain related contracts by identifying the important entities such as contract type, start date, end date etc., by using Natural Language Processing methods, then convert the contract to smart contract. This provides an efficient template for creation of smart contracts from natural language contracts and thereby offer best smart contract template for a given type of contract in Supply Chain.

Barricades in the Adoption of Block-Chain Technology in Supply Chain Management: Challenges and Benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pervez Akhtar ◽  
Nora Azima ◽  
Abdul Ghafar ◽  
Shahab Ud Din
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Block Chain

Blockchain technology, as a distributed digital ledger technology that ensures traceability, security, and transparency is displaying potential for easing some comprehensive supply chain problems. Scholars have started analyzing systematically the potential benefits and effects of block-chain on numerous activities of an organization. This paper presents the barricades in the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chain management. The potential benefits of blockchain adoption such as quality, cost, speed, transparency, durability, and immutability are also discussed in this paper. We present the early literature discussing the use of blockchain in the field of the supply chain to enhance accountability and transparency. This study explains the several mechanisms by which supply chain managers can prepare their organizational structure to adopt the latest technology. It further highlights the mechanisms to achieve supply chain objectives. Part of this paper also discusses how blockchains, a potentially disruptive solution that is on its early evolution, can overcome several potential barricades. Future research directions are proposed which can further provide insights into overcoming barriers and adoption of blockchain technology in the field of supply chain management.

scholarly journals Block chain Based Data Provenance in Supply chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Data Provenance ◽  
New Era ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Initial Uncertainty

Blockchain technology as an infrastructure allows an innovational platform for a new transparent and decentralized transaction mechanism for different type of industries and businesses. Different attributes of blockchain technology increase trust through traceability and transparency ability of goods, data and financial resources within any transaction. Regardless of initial uncertainty about this technology, government and many major enterprises and firms have recently examined the adoption and improvement of this technology in several areas of applications, from social, legal and finance industries to manufacturing, design and supply-chain networks. An interesting research problem in this new era is that of determining provenance. At present, goods which are produced and transported using complicated medium supply chains, in this type of supply chain it is impossible to evaluate the provenance of physical goods. We have an interest in the blockchain as there are numerous favored use cases of blockchain especially for provenance tracking. In this paper we review the basics features of the blockchain along with its type like permission less and permissioned blockchain. Then discussed the need of provenance of assets in supplychain as it increase the trust of the customer and proposed a process and architecture for providing the data provenance in supply chain with blockchain using smart contract.

scholarly journals An Organized Repository of Ethereum Smart Contracts’ Source Codes and Metrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Antonio Pierro ◽  
Roberto Tonelli ◽  
Michele Marchesi
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Empirical Software Engineering ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Source Codes ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Smart Contract

Many empirical software engineering studies show that there is a need for repositories where source codes are acquired, filtered and classified. During the last few years, Ethereum block explorer services have emerged as a popular project to explore and search for Ethereum blockchain data such as transactions, addresses, tokens, smart contracts’ source codes, prices and other activities taking place on the Ethereum blockchain. Despite the availability of this kind of service, retrieving specific information useful to empirical software engineering studies, such as the study of smart contracts’ software metrics, might require many subtasks, such as searching for specific transactions in a block, parsing files in HTML format, and filtering the smart contracts to remove duplicated code or unused smart contracts. In this paper, we afford this problem by creating Smart Corpus, a corpus of smart contracts in an organized, reasoned and up-to-date repository where Solidity source code and other metadata about Ethereum smart contracts can easily and systematically be retrieved. We present Smart Corpus’s design and its initial implementation, and we show how the data set of smart contracts’ source codes in a variety of programming languages can be queried and processed to get useful information on smart contracts and their software metrics. Smart Corpus aims to create a smart-contract repository where smart-contract data (source code, application binary interface (ABI) and byte code) are freely and immediately available and are classified based on the main software metrics identified in the scientific literature. Smart contracts’ source codes have been validated by EtherScan, and each contract comes with its own associated software metrics as computed by the freely available software PASO. Moreover, Smart Corpus can be easily extended as the number of new smart contracts increases day by day.

scholarly journals Blockchain and Smart Contracts: A Solution for Payment Issues in Construction Supply Chains

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Samudaya Nanayakkara ◽  
Srinath Perera ◽  
Sepani Senaratne ◽  
Geeganage Thilini Weerasuriya ◽  
Herath Mudiyanselage Nelanga Dilum Bandara
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Financial Issues

The construction industry has dynamic supply chains with multiple suppliers usually engaged in short-term relationships. Government legislation, novel types of payment agreements, conventional information technology solutions, and supply chain management best practices have endeavoured to solve payment-related financial issues in the construction industry, which are mainly caused by the complexities of the construction supply chain. Nevertheless, payment-related issues persist as one of the key challenges in the industry. Applications of blockchain technology–a trusted, distributed data storing mechanism–along with smart contracts are gaining focus as solutions for complex interorganisational processes. A smart contract is a self-executing script that codifies a set of rules or agreements between multiple parties and runs across the blockchain network. This paper identifies the suitability of blockchain and smart contract technologies in solving payment issues in the construction industry. An expert forum of construction industry stakeholders served as the primary data collection method through a structured questionnaire. The key finding of the paper is that blockchain and smart contract powered solutions can significantly mitigate the payment and related financial issues in the construction industry, including partial payments, nonpayments, cost of finance, long payment cycle, retention, and security of payments.

scholarly journals Coffee Supply Chain Using Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Kshitij Bhambure ◽  
Biradar Shrinivas ◽  
Devendra Haldankar ◽  
Madhavi Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Automated Algorithms

This issue of supply chain management is very important for the stakeholder groups. Due to the complexity of the supply chain, its management often requires manual work and frequent sharing of information. This paper proposes a new approach that uses block chain technology to resolve the issue and improve the efficiency of the supply chain. Block chain is a distributed database that enables users to trust each other without intermediaries. Its decentralized nature and its ability to verify transactions through automated algorithms make it a safer and more secure alternative to the existing supply chain model. Due to the complexity of the coffee supply chain, the accuracy of the data collected during the CRC process became an issue. This study proposed the use of Block chain technology to address these issues.

scholarly journals Blockchain-based Multi-Party Authorization for Accessing IPFS Encrypted Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Battah ◽  
Mohammad Madine ◽  
Hamad Alzaabi ◽  
Ibrar Yaqoob ◽  
Khaled Salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Code ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Encrypted Data ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Reputation Mechanisms ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Malicious Behaviors

Multi-party authorization (MPA) typically involves multiple parties to control and grant access to shared data. MPA is used to solve the insider’s attack problem by ensuring that a single authority or party is not acting alone. Currently, almost all existing implementations of MPA are centralized and fall short in providing logs and events related to provenance of granting permissions in a trusted, secure, immutable, auditable, and decentralized manner. Moreover, for sharing data, proxy re-encryption algorithms are often used to give secure access to encrypted shared data. These schemes and algorithms are also centralized and cannot be trusted. In this paper, we propose a fully decentralized blockchain-based solution in which MPA is implemented using Ethereum smart contracts, and proxy re-encryption algorithms (which are computationally expensive) are implemented using multiple oracles to give access to encrypted shared data stored on a public and decentralized storage platform, such as the Interplanetary File Systems (IPFS). The smart contracts help to validate results based on the majority of encrypted results determined by the oracles. For this, we incorporate reputation mechanisms in the proposed smart contracts to rate the oracles based on their malicious and non-malicious behaviors. We present algorithms along with their full implementation, testing, and validation details. We evaluate the proposed system in terms of security, cost, and generalization to show its reliability and practicality. We make the smart contract source code publicly available on Github.

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