Ankle-Injury Patients Perform More Microadjustments during Walking: Evidence from Velocity Profiles in Gait Analysis

Introduction. We evaluated the velocity profiles of patients with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries of the ankle with a goal of understanding the control mechanism involved in walking. Methods. We tracked motions of patients’ legs and feet in 30 gait cycles recorded from patients with LCL injuries of the ankle and compared them to 50 gait cycles taken from normal control subjects. Seventeen markers were placed on the foot following the Heidelberg foot measurement model. Velocity profiles and microadjustments of the knee, ankle, and foot were calculated during different gait phases and compared between the patient and control groups. Results. Patients had a smaller first rocker percentage and larger second rocker percentage in the gait cycle compared to controls. Patients also displayed shorter stride length and slower strides and performed more microadjustments in the second rocker phase than in other rocker/swing phases. Patients’ mean velocities of the knee, ankle, and foot in the second rocker phase were also significantly higher than that in control subjects. Discussion. Evidence from velocity profiles suggested that patients with ligament injury necessitated more musculoskeletal microadjustments to maintain body balance, but these may also be due to secondary injury. Precise descriptions of the spatiotemporal gait characteristics are therefore crucial for our understanding of movement control during locomotion.

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Gait Kinematics of Patients with Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries of Ankle

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22139/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bin Zheng ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Dezheng Zhang ◽

Qinwei Guo ◽

Zhongshi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Stance Phase ◽

Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Swing Phase ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Ligament Injuries ◽

Collateral Ligament ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Aided Diagnosis

Abstract Background Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries of ankle are a common problem in sports medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the walking kinematics in patients with LCL injuries of ankle for examining how ankle ligament injuries affect foot and ankle motion. The results will serve in precision assessment and computer-aided diagnosis. Methods Kinematics of walking were assessed by the Heidelberg Foot Measurement Model (HFMM) in 6 adults (3 patients, 3 control subjects). We hypothesized that patients with ligament injury will: present a shorter stance phase, but longer swing phase; be observed with an increasing number of shank and foot adjustments during the stance phase; reduce velocity of foot during the early swing phase with an increasing variation. Velocity profiles and micro-adjustment of knee, ankle, and foot were calculated during different gait phases and compared between two different subject groups by independent-sample t-test with 95% confidence intervals and standard error of measurements. Results In the gait cycle, 1 st rocker phase was 2.09% shorter (p < 0.001) and 2 nd rocker phase was 1.54% longer (p = 0.009) in patients than in controls. Compared to control subjects, the patients showed 89.1 mm shorter stride length (p<0.001), 0.10s slower stride (p<0.001) and 1.57 more complex micro-adjustments in 2 nd rocker phase than in other rocker/swing phases during natural walking (p=0.017). The mean velocity of knee (6.05 mm/10 -2 s vs. 4.74 mm/10 -2 s), ankle (0.85 mm/10 -2 s vs. 0.52 mm/10 -2 s), midfoot (0.79 mm/10 -2 s vs. 0.48 mm/10 -2 s) and forefoot (1.72 mm/10 -2 s vs. 0.97 mm/10 -2 s) in 2 nd rocker was significantly higher in patients (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings revealed the human motion compensatory mechanism. Patients with ligament injuries need more musculoskeletal adjustments to keeping body balance than control subjects. Precise descriptions of the kinematics are crucial for clinical assessment before and after surgical management. These results will also provide a foundation for computer-aided diagnosis in the future. Key Terms ankle ligaments, gait analysis, Heidelberg Foot Measurement Model, foot and ankle kinematics, phase/rocker, physical therapy/rehabilitation.

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The Effects of a Neutral Stimulus (Buzzer) on Motor Responses and Disfluencies in Normal Speakers

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1201.179 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Richard R. Martin ◽

Gerald M. Siegel

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Neutral Stimulus ◽

Motor Responses ◽

Control Subjects ◽

And Control ◽

Speaking Task

Seventy-two college students were divided into three groups: Button Push-Speech (BP-S), Speech-Button Push (S-BP), and Control. BP-S subjects pushed one of two buttons on signal for 8 min. During the last 4 min, depression of the criterion button caused a buzzer to sound. After the button-push task, subjects spoke spontaneously for 30 min. During the last 20 min, the buzzer was presented contingent upon each disfluency. S-BP subjects were run under the same procedures, but the order of button-push and speech tasks was reversed. Control subjects followed the same procedures as S-BP subjects, but no buzzer signal was presented at any time. Both S-BP and BP-S subjects emitted significantly fewer disfluencies during the last 20 min (Conditioning) than during the first 10 min (Baserate) of the speaking task. The frequency of disfluencies for Control subjects did not change significantly from Baserate to Conditioning. In none of the three groups did the frequency of pushes on the criterion button change significantly from minute to minute throughout the 8-min button-push session.

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Tests for Platelet Changes, Acute Phase Reactants and Serum Lipids in Diabetes mellitus and Peripheral Vascular Disease

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657283 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 48 (03) ◽

pp. 289-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

B A van Oost ◽

B F E Veldhuyzen ◽

H C van Houwelingen ◽

A P M Timmermans ◽

J J Sixma

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Acute Phase Reactants ◽

Control Subjects ◽

And Control

SummaryPlatelets tests, acute phase reactants and serum lipids were measured in patients with diabetes mellitus and patients with peripheral vascular disease. Patients frequently had abnormal platelet tests and significantly increased acute phase reactants and serum lipids, compared to young healthy control subjects. These differences were compared with multidiscriminant analysis. Patients could be separated in part from the control subjects with variables derived from the measurement of acute phase proteins and serum lipids. Platelet test results improved the separation between diabetics and control subjects, but not between patients with peripheral vascular disease and control subjects. Diabetic patients with severe retinopathy frequently had evidence of platelet activation. They also had increased acute phase reactants and serum lipids compared to diabetics with absent or nonproliferative retinopathy. In patients with peripheral vascular disease, only the fibrinogen concentration was related to the degree of vessel damage by arteriography.

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The fate of orally administered sialic acid: First insights from patients with N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase deficiency and control subjects

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports ◽

10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100777 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 100777

Author(s):

Christel Tran ◽

Licia Turolla ◽

Diana Ballhausen ◽

Sandrine Cornaz Buros ◽

Tony Teav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽

Control Subjects ◽

And Control

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Servo Drive Trajectory Design of Three-Axis Laser Processing System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.139 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 529 ◽

pp. 139-143

Author(s):

Wei Hua Jiang ◽

Yuan Cheng Fan ◽

Da Zeng

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Processing System ◽

Movement Control ◽

Linear Interpolation ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Trajectory Design ◽

Servo Drive ◽

Digital Integrator ◽

Detector Resolution ◽

And Control

Three-axis processing of laser inner engraving machine control system can carry on multi-axis linkage control. Furthermore, it ensures multi-axis of high feeding speed and trajectory control of high precision. This article introduces the design of laser inner engraving machine movement control system. The core is a digital integrator of linear interpolation algorithm to generate the desired trajectory and control XYZ axis linkage. Wide speed range of servo motor and position detector resolution is adequate to constitute a half-closed loop drive. With integral separation algorithm being introduced in the controller, the speed of numerical control system, track speed and positioning accuracy are guaranteed in order to achieve optimal specification for dynamic and static characteristics of the whole system.

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Cognitive Function and Mortality in a Community-based Elderly Cohort of First-ever Stroke Survivors and Control Subjects

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.07.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 382-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Peter Hobson ◽

Jolyon Meara

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Community Based ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Elderly Cohort ◽

And Control

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Mandibular deviations in TMD and non-TMD groups related to eye dominance and head posture

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.25.2.j7171238p2413611 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 147-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N. Pradham ◽

G. White ◽

N. Mehta ◽

A. Forgione

Keyword(s):

Head Rotation ◽

Lateral Direction ◽

Head Posture ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Eye Dominance ◽

Pain Center ◽

And Control ◽

Female Subjects

This study was designed to determine whether eye-dominance affects head posture (rotation) and in turn, whether head posture is associated with mandibular frenum midline deviation, in both TMJ and control subjects. Eye dominance was determined using three tests:Porta, Hole, Point tests. Natural head posture was evaluated using the Arthrodial protractor. Mandibular frenum deviation was recorded as left, right or no deviation. Fifty female subjects were included in the study, 25 TMJ patients attending the Gelb Craniomandibular Pain Center and 25 non-TMJ control subjects. The findings indicate that eye dominance and direction of head rotation are strongly associated in both TMJ and control subjects. Further, in TMJ subjects mandibular deviation occurred in greater frequency than in controls and tends to occur in the contra lateral direction of head rotation.

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