scholarly journals Development of a Hepatoprotective Herbal Drug from Turnera diffusa

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Cecilia Delgado-Montemayor ◽  
Paula Cordero-Pérez ◽  
Liliana Torres-González ◽  
María de la L. Salazar-Cavazos ◽  
Alma L. Saucedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Turnera Diffusa ◽  
Significant Difference

The incidence of liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and drug-induced liver injury, continues to rise and is one of the leading causes of acute hepatitis. Current trends suggest that these types of conditions will increase in the coming years. There are few drugs available for the prevention or treatment of hepatic diseases, and there is a growing need for the development of safe hepatoprotective agents. The medicinal plant, Turnera diffusa, has many ethnopharmacological uses, one of which is the production of a flavonoid named hepatodamianol, which is the principal component responsible for this plant’s hepatoprotective properties. In the present study, we describe the development and standardization of an active extract obtained from T. diffusa. We conducted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify hepatodamianol unambiguously in each sample. Using this extract, hepatoprotection could be demonstrated in vivo for the first time. The hepatoprotective effect did not display a significant difference in vivo when compared with silymarin used as a positive control at the same doses. Implementation of quality criteria used for standardization, such as flavonoid and hepatodamianol content, hepatoprotective activity, and absence of residual solvents, will allow future preclinical trials with this herbal drug.

31P MRS Data Analysis of Liver Cancer Based on Neural Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 630-635
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yi Hui Liu ◽  
Shao Qing Wang ◽  
Jin Yong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
31P Mrs ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

31P MRS(31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) is a non invasive protocol for analyzing the energetic metabolism and biomedical changes in cellular level. Evaluation of 31P MRS is important in diagnosis and treatment of many hepatic diseases. In this paper, we apply back-propagation neural network (BP) and self-organizing map (SOM) neural network to analyze 31P MRS data to distinguish three diagnostic classes of cancer, normal and cirrhosis tissue. 66 samples of 31P MRS data are selected including cancer, normal and cirrhosis tissue. Four experiments are carried out. Good performance is achieved with limited samples. Experimental results prove that neural network models based on 31P MRS data offer an alternative and promising technique for diagnostic prediction of liver cancer in vivo.

Metabolic alterations in proximal tubule suspensions obtained from ischemic kidneys

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. F383-F389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Gaudio ◽  
G. Thulin ◽  
T. Ardito ◽  
M. Kashgarian ◽  
N. J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Line Oxygen

A viable suspension of proximal tubules that had sustained an in vivo ischemic injury was harvested, and cellular integrity and viability were determined. The histopathological appearance of this preparation has characteristic features of an ischemic injury and ATP levels were comparable to those observed with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min of bilateral renal artery ischemia and the kidneys were allowed to reperfuse for either 15 min, 2 h, or 24 h before the harvest of the proximal tubule suspension. There was a decrease in base-line oxygen consumption from 34 +/- 0.8 nmol O2.min-1.mg protein-1 to 22 +/- 0.6 at 15 min of reflow. This decline in oxygen consumption persisted during the first 2 h of reflow and returned to control levels by 24 h. Residual respiration in the presence of ouabain was similar at all reflow intervals suggesting that the decrease in basal O2 consumption was related to decreased Na+-K+-ATPase in situ. In contrast, there was no significant difference in Na+-K+-ATPase activity when determined chemically under Vmax conditions in all experimental groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Stress of Strains: Inbred Mice in Liver Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlin B. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Inbred mice are the most popular animals used for in vivo liver research. These mice are genetically defined, readily available, less expensive to maintain than larger animals, and enjoy a broad array of commercial reagents for scientific characterization. C57BL/6 mice are the most commonly used strain. However, other strains discussed, including BALB/c, C3H, A/J, and FVB/N, may be better suited to a particular disease model or line of investigation. Understanding the phenotypes of different inbred mouse strains facilitates informed decision making during experimental design. Model systems influenced by strain-dependent phenotype include tissue regeneration, drug-induced liver injury (DILI; e.g., acetaminophen), fibrosis (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, CCl4), Fas-induced apoptosis, cholestasis, alcohol-induced liver disease and cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thoughtful consideration of the strengths and weaknesses of each inbred strain in a given model system will lead to more robust data and a clearer understanding of translational relevance to human liver disease.

Imaging tumour cell metabolism using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1220-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Witney ◽  
Kevin M. Brindle
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Tumour Cell ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hyperpolarized 13C ◽  
New Treatments

Patients with similar tumour types frequently show different responses to the same therapy. The development of new treatments would benefit, therefore, from imaging methods that allow an early assessment of treatment response in individual patients, allowing rapid selection of the most effective treatment. We have been using 13C MRSI (magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging) of tumour cell metabolism, using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled cellular metabolites, to detect treatment response. Nuclear spin hyperpolarization can increase sensitivity in the magnetic resonance experiment >10000 times, allowing us to image labelled cell substrates in vivo and their subsequent metabolism. We showed that exchange of hyperpolarized 13C label between lactate and pyruvate, catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase, was decreased in treated tumours undergoing drug-induced cell death, and that tissue pH could be imaged from the ratio of the signal intensities of hyperpolarized H13CO3− and 13CO2 following intravenous injection of hyperpolarized H13CO3. Tumour cell glutaminase activity, a potential measure of cell proliferation, can be determined using hyperpolarized [5-13C]glutamine, and treatment-induced tumour cell necrosis can be imaged in vivo from measurements of the conversion of hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate into malate. Since these substrates are endogenous and, in some cases, have already been safely infused into patients, these techniques have the potential to translate to the clinic.

scholarly journals Phosphorus spectroscopy in acute TBI demonstrates metabolic changes that relate to outcome in the presence of normal structural MRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Matthew G Stovell ◽  
Marius O Mada ◽  
T Adrian Carpenter ◽  
Jiun-Lin Yan ◽  
Mathew R Guilfoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Unfavourable Outcome ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Monitoring Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

Metabolic dysfunction is a key pathophysiological process in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although changes in brain glucose metabolism and extracellular lactate/pyruvate ratio are well known, it was hitherto unknown whether these translate to downstream changes in ATP metabolism and intracellular pH. We have performed the first clinical voxel-based in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) in 13 acute-phase major TBI patients versus 10 healthy controls (HCs), at 3T, focusing on eight central 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 cm3 voxels per subject. PCr/γATP ratio (a measure of energy status) in TBI patients was significantly higher (median = 1.09) than that of HCs (median = 0.93) (p < 0.0001), due to changes in both PCr and ATP. There was no significant difference in PCr/γATP between TBI patients with favourable and unfavourable outcome. Cerebral intracellular pH of TBI patients was significantly higher (median = 7.04) than that of HCs (median = 7.00) (p = 0.04). Alkalosis was limited to patients with unfavourable outcome (median = 7.07) (p < 0.0001). These changes persisted after excluding voxels with > 5% radiologically visible injury. This is the first clinical demonstration of brain alkalosis and elevated PCr/γATP ratio acutely after major TBI. 31P MRS has potential for non-invasively assessing brain injury in the absence of structural injury, predicting outcome and monitoring therapy response.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vivo postexercise phosphocreatine recovery and resting ATP synthesis flux for the assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (5) ◽  
pp. C1136-C1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. A. van den Broek ◽  
J. Ciapaite ◽  
K. Nicolay ◽  
J. J. Prompers
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Significant Difference

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to assess skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vivo by measuring 1) phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery after exercise or 2) resting ATP synthesis flux with saturation transfer (ST). In this study, we compared both parameters in a rat model of mitochondrial dysfunction with the aim of establishing the most appropriate method for the assessment of in vivo muscle mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction was induced in adult Wistar rats by daily subcutaneous injections with the complex I inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for 2 wk. In vivo 31P MRS measurements were supplemented by in vitro measurements of oxygen consumption in isolated mitochondria. Two weeks of DPI treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by a 20% lower maximal ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption rate in isolated mitochondria from DPI-treated rats oxidizing pyruvate plus malate. This was paralleled by a 46% decrease in in vivo oxidative capacity, determined from postexercise PCr recovery. Interestingly, no significant difference in resting, ST-based ATP synthesis flux was observed between DPI-treated rats and controls. These results show that PCr recovery after exercise has a more direct relationship with skeletal muscle mitochondrial function than the ATP synthesis flux measured with 31P ST MRS in the resting state.

Spectroscopic imaging of human disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D.J. Meyerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tissue Water

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) observes tissue water in the presence of a magnetic field gradient to study morphological changes such as tissue volume loss and signal hyperintensities in human disease. These changes are mostly non-specific and do not appear to be correlated with the range of severity of a certain disease. In contrast, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), which measures many different chemicals and tissue metabolites in the millimolar concentration range in the absence of a magnetic field gradient, has been shown to reveal characteristic metabolite patterns which are often correlated with the severity of a disease. In-vivo MRS studies are performed on widely available MRI scanners without any “sample preparation” or invasive procedures and are therefore widely used in clinical research. Hydrogen (H) MRS and MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI, conceptionally a combination of MRI and MRS) measure N-acetylaspartate (a putative marker of neurons), creatine-containing metabolites (involved in energy processes in the cell), choline-containing metabolites (involved in membrane metabolism and, possibly, inflammatory processes),

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the portal vein of the miniature pig; a preliminary experiment for NOTES approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: There is evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could trans-differentiate into the liver cells in vitro and in vivo and thus may be used as an unfailing source for stem cell therapy of liver disease. Combination of MSCs (with or without their differentiation in vitro) and minimally invasive procedures as laparoscopy or Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) represents a chance for many patients waiting for liver transplantation in vain. Methods: Over 30 millions of autologous MSCs at passage 3 were transplanted via the portal vein in an eight months old miniature pig. The deposition of transplanted cells in liver parenchyma was evaluated histologically and the trans-differential potential of CM-DiI labeled cells was assessed by expression of pig albumin using immunofluorescence. Results: Three weeks after transplantation we detected the labeled cells (solitary, small clusters) in all 10 samples (2 samples from each lobe) but no diffuse distribution in the samples. The localization of CM-DiI+ cells was predominantly observed around the portal triads. We also detected the localization of albumin signal in CM-DiI labeled cells. Conclusion: The study results showed that the autologous MSCs (without additional hepatic differentiation in vitro) transplantation through the portal vein led to successful infiltration of intact miniature pig liver parenchyma with detectable in vivo trans-differentiation. NOTES as well as other newly developed surgical approaches in combination with cell therapy seem to be very promising for the treatment of hepatic diseases in near future.

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